Lesson Plan: Musculoskeletal Pathology 5 minutes: Breath of Arrival - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Lesson Plan: Musculoskeletal Pathology 5 minutes: Breath of Arrival and Attendance 50 minutes: Musculoskeletal Pathology Classroom Rules Punctuality- everybody's time is precious: Be ready to learn by 9:00, we'll have you out of here by
Punctuality- everybody's time is precious:
Be ready to learn by 9:00, we'll have you out of here by 1:30 Tardiness: arriving late, late return after breaks, leaving early
The following are not allowed:
Bare feet Side talking Lying down Inappropriate clothing Food or drink except water Phones in classrooms, clinic or bathrooms
You will receive one verbal warning, then you'll have to leave the room.
Muscular dystrophy Spasms Cramps Strains
Osteosarcoma Osgood-Schlatter Osteoporosis Hyperkyphosis Hyperlordosis Scoliosis Rotoscoliosis
Adhesive Capsulitis Baker cysts Gout Dislocations Subluxations Dysplasia Joint replacement surgery Lyme disease Osteoarthritis Patellofemoral syndrome Spondylolisthesis Spondylosis Sprains Temporomandibular joint
Compartment syndrome Dupuytren contracture Ganglion cyst Hammertoe Hernia Plantar fasciitis Pes planus Pes cavus
Carpal tunnel syndrome Disc disease Herniation Degenerative disc
Internal disc disruption Myofascial pain syndrome Thoracic outlet syndrome
Bunions Bursitis Shin splints Tendinitis Tendinosis Tenosynovitis De Quervain tenosynovitis Whiplash
Nutrition deficiency Ischemia Vigorous exercise Splinting Underlying conditions
Massage (circulation, attachment sites, and stretching) Heat Ice Ointments creating hot and cold sensations
Analgesics Muscle relaxants (if severe)
Avoid direct and aggressive bodywork to the muscle bellies Consider underlying conditions if cramping is frequent Painkillers and relaxants can mask pain and stretch limitations If splinting is due to injury, wait for acute stage to pass
Trauma (sudden and specific) Overuse (chronic and cumulative)
Impaired contractility Adhesions
Local pain Stiffness Pain on resisted movement or passive stretching No palpable heat or swelling unless severe.
Accurate diagnosis PRICES (to control inflammation) Rehabilitation (realign scar tissue) Exercise, cross-fiber and linear friction, and passive stretching Prevent further injury Lymphatic drainage (limits edema) Avoid vigorous deep massage to a new or acute injury
Not warming up results in a sudden snap Prolonged but extreme stretch after activity
1st degree (just a few fibers) 2nd degree 3rd degree (complete rupture)
Inflammation (including loss of function) Pain with passive stretches Duration of 24-48 hours Common sprains are anterior talofibular and sacroiliac ligaments
Inflammation (with regaining function)
RICE (limits edema and tissue damage) Moving the joint within range of pain tolerance ASAP Lymphatic massage during acute stage Linear and cross-fiber friction when sub-acute and post-acute May be a bone fracture if the “sprain” is not much better within a few
NSAIDs (for pain and inflammation)
Endocrine imbalances Poor metabolism of calcium Nutritional deficiency
Smaller stature, white and Asian females with a family history
No signs in early stages. Test regularly if high-risk Fractures Hyperkyphosis Chronic or acute back pain
Light pressure massage to increase movement and decrease pain Pharmaceutical intervention Weight-bearing exercise Dietary adjustments Pressure light enough to prevent fractures Positioning and bolstering for comfort
Functional (soft tissue tension) Structural (bony distortion) Congenital Cerebral palsy Polio Muscular dystrophy Osteogenesis imperfecta Spina bifida
Muscle tension Nerve impingement Chronic ache Loss of range of motion Impaired rib movement Cardiac and respiratory problems
Osteopathy, chiropractic, physical therapy, and exercise therapy
If hyperkyphosis is due to osteoporosis, use light pressure If lung or cardiac function is impaired, consult a doctor
Acute, traumatic cause: Pain, swelling, damage, bleeding, fractures, damaged tissues,
Chronic, progressive cause: Low-level pain Referred pain due to nerve root pressure
NSAIDs (for acute pain and inflammation)
Massage locally contraindicated if acute. If sub-acute or chronic, respect the limitations of range of motion. Massage adjoining tissues to manage pain, and improve tissue
Aging Weight-bearing stress Repetitive movements Inflammation and damage at synovial joints (especially weight-
Old age and overweight History of trauma or surgery Repetitive pounding stress Hormonal imbalances and nutritional deficiencies
Deep pain and stiffness Thickening of phalangeal epiphyses
Counterirritant ointment Exercise
NSAIDs (for pain) Steroidal anti-inflammatories
Acute inflammation contraindicates massage that promotes local
Do not focus specifically on the affected joints
Direct or shearing forces through tendon Overuse without recovery time Poor flexibility Underlying disease History of corticosteroid injections
Training errors Problems with equipment Fall or blow (trauma) that damages from the outside
NSAIDs (for pain) Steroid injection (may be appropriate in some circumstances)
Acute injuries with inflammation locally contraindicate deep massage Lymphatic work may be helpful Linear and cross fiber friction promote scar maturation