Legalization of Cannabis in Canada Perspectives from a Local Public - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Legalization of Cannabis in Canada Perspectives from a Local Public - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Legalization of Cannabis in Canada Perspectives from a Local Public Health Department November 14, 2018 Bessie Ng, MPH Research & Policy Analyst Region of Peel-Public Health Presenter Disclosure Bessie Ng The following personal

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Perspectives from a Local Public Health Department

Bessie Ng, MPH Research & Policy Analyst Region of Peel-Public Health

Legalization of Cannabis in Canada

November 14, 2018

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Presenter Disclosure

  • The following personal financial relationships with

commercial interests relevant to this presentation during the past 12 months: No relationships to disclose

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Bessie Ng

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Presentation Co-Authors

  • Inga Pedra, MPP
  • Dr. Kate Bingham, MD, MSc, CCFP, FRCPC
  • Paul Sharma, MSc
  • Dr. Jessica Hopkins, MD, MHSc, CCFP, FRCPC
  • Dr. Lawrence Loh, MD, MPH, CCFP, FRCPC

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Presentation Objectives

  • 1. Describe the policy development process and

legislative framework for legal cannabis

  • 2. Discuss broad population health considerations

with implementing the legislative framework

  • 3. Outline Region of Peel-Public Health’s (ROP-PH)

approach to addressing legal cannabis

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Public Health System in Ontario

  • 35 local public health units (PHUs)

– Each governed by a local board

  • f health

– Programs and services cost- shared between Province and municipalities – Work focuses on improving population health

  • ROP-PH is one of 35 PHUs

Peel Region Ontario 6

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About Peel Region

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  • Comprised of 3 area

municipalities

  • Home to over 1.4

million residents and 163,000 businesses

  • Has a mix of rural and

suburban areas

Toronto Pearson International Airport

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Policy Development & Legalization Framework

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Key Developments

Jun–Dec 2016

  • Federal Task Force created
  • Consultations held
  • Recommendations submitted

Apr 2017 Federal cannabis legislation introduced Jul–Aug 2017 Consultations held Nov 2017 Ontario cannabis legislation introduced Dec 2017 Ontario legislation passed Jun 2018 New government elected Jun 2018 Federal legislation passed

Federal Ontario

Oct 2018 Cannabis legalized 9 Sept 2018 New legislation introduced Oct 2018 New legislation passed Liberal Party of Canada’s campaign promise in 2015 election

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Jurisdictional Responsibilities1-3

Federal Provincial Municipal Advertisement and Packaging ✓ Age Limit ✓ ✓* Land Use and/or Zoning ✓ ✓ Personal Cultivation ✓ ✓* Influence Places of Use ✓ ✓ Influence Possession Limit ✓ ✓* Production ✓ Public Health and Education ✓ ✓ ✓ Regulatory Compliance/Enforcement ✓ ✓ ✓ Retail and Distribution ✓ ✓ Influence Road Safety ✓ ✓ ✓

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*Provinces and territories can strengthen federal legislation

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Ontario’s Cannabis Legislative Framework4

Minimum age of 19 years Smoking/vaping prohibited in enclosed public places and

  • ther specified places

Can grow up to 4 plants per residence Zero tolerance for young, novice, and commercial drivers Possession limit of 30g

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Online; private storefronts to start in April 2019

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ROP-PH’s Involvement in Cannabis Policy Development

Advocacy to decision-makers through:

  • Responses to federal and provincial consultations
  • Participation in stakeholder groups

– Ontario Public Health Unit Collaboration on Cannabis (OPHCOC) – Association of Municipalities of Ontario (AMO) Task Force on Cannabis

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Considerations for Population Health

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A Public Health Approach to Legalization5

14 (Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 2014)

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Potential Impacts Related to Cannabis Use and Legalization

Health6,7

Respiratory effects Injury and death Prenatal, perinatal, neonatal outcomes Psychosocial outcomes Mental health outcomes Problem cannabis use Use of other substances

Environmental8-11

CO2 and CO emissions Mould & other airborne particles Electrical hazards Chemical exposure

Economic

Tax revenues Economic development Implementation costs Health care utilization

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Protecting Public Health and Safety & Mitigating Risk

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Delaying Age of Initiation

  • Impacts on youth brain development

Ensuring Safeguards for Personal Cultivation

  • Health and safety hazards
  • Potential diversion of cannabis

Establishing Retail System Controls

  • Physical availability of cannabis products and

locations relative to sensitive land uses

Restricting Places of Use

  • Second-hand smoke and vapour exposure
  • Normalization of smoking

Restricting Marketing and Regulating Packaging

  • Product appeal (particularly among youth)

Preventing Potential Injuries

  • Cannabis-impaired driving rates; challenges

with detection and assessment

  • Accidental THC poisoning with cannabis

edibles

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Health Equity Considerations

  • Protecting priority populations
  • Addressing the social determinants of health
  • Monitoring unintended consequences of policy and

program decisions

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ROP-PH Response Following Legalization

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Evidence- Informed Decision Making Surveillance & Monitoring Comprehensive Lens Stakeholder Engagement Policy Development & Advocacy Enforcement & Health Protection

ROP-PH’s Approach

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  • Public health and safety must maintain a priority in

the legalized system

  • Stakeholder engagement an essential component of

policy and program development

  • Comprehensive monitoring and evaluation is

needed to assess policy objectives

Summary

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Contact Information

Bessie Ng Email: bessie.ng@peelregion.ca

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References

(1) Government of Canada. Backgrounder: Roles and responsibilities [Internet]. Ottawa, ON: Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada; 2017 [cited 2018 Sept 16]. Available from: https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/news/2017/04/backgrounder_rolesandresponsibilities.html (2) Region of Peel. Implications of the legalization of cannabis for recreational use (Report to Regional Council). Brampton, ON: Region of Peel; 2018. (3) Government of Alberta. Cannabis legalization in Canada [Internet]. Edmonton, AB: Alberta Queen’s Printer; n.d. [cited 2018 Sept 16]. Available from: https://www.alberta.ca/cannabis-legalization-in-canada.aspx. (4) Government of Ontario. Cannabis Legalization [Internet]. Toronto, ON: Queen’s Printer for Ontario; 2018 [cited 2018 Sept 28]. Available from: https://www.ontario.ca/page/cannabis-legalization. (5) Centre for Addiction and Mental Health. Cannabis policy framework. Toronto, ON: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health; 2014. (6) National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The health effects of cannabis and cannabinoids: The current state of evidence and recommendations for research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2017. (7) Fischer B, Russell C, Sabioni P, van den Brink W, Le Foll B, Hall W, et al. Lower-risk cannabis use guidelines: A comprehensive update of evidence and

  • recommendations. AJPH. 2017;107(8):e1-e12.

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References

(8) Plecas D, Diplock J, Garis L. Revisiting the issues around commercially viable indoor marihuana growing operations in British Columbia. Abbotsford, BC: University of the Fraser Valley; 2012. Available from: https://www.surrey.ca/files/RevisitingtheIssuesAroundCommerciallyViableIndoorMarihuanaGrowingOperationsinBritishColumbia.pdf. (9) National Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health. Recommendations for safe re-occupancy of marijuana grow operations. Vancouver, BC: National Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health; 2009. Available from: http://www.ncceh.ca/sites/default/files/Marijuana_Grow_Operations_Mar_2009.pdf. (10) Garis L, Clare J. Cleaning up former drug operations in our residential neighbourhoods. Abbotsford, BC: University of the Fraser Valley; 2013. Available from: https://www.ufv.ca/media/assets/criminal-justice-research/Research-Note-Cleaning-Up-Former-Drug-Operations-in-our-ResidentIal- Neighbourhoods.pdf. (11) Wearmouth V, Sabapathy D, Fehr M. Marihuana grow operations abatement program. Edmonton, AB: Alberta Queen’s Printer; 2011. Available from: http://www.ncceh.ca/sites/default/files/MGO%20Program%20Report%20(v20).pdf.

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Image Sources

Slide 1

  • https://cannabis-seeds-usa.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/big-bud-marijuana-seeds-1_large.jpg

Slide 5

  • https://www.google.com/maps/place/Peel+Regional+Municipality,+ON/@43.4975798,-

79.7872738,10z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x882b3c30c9eb87ab:0x3bec33bf3e68e6a3!8m2!3d43.6766398!4d-79.7848422 Slide 6:

  • https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Greater_toronto_area_map.svg

Slide 8 (left to right):

  • https://pm.gc.ca/sites/pm/files/media/pm_trudeau_600x683.jpg
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Slide 10 (alternating left to right):

  • https://files.ontario.ca/19plus_gr.png
  • https://files.ontario.ca/cannabis_ocs_logo_50.png
  • https://files.ontario.ca/30g_gr.png
  • https://files.ontario.ca/private_residence_gr.png
  • https://files.ontario.ca/growing_gr.png
  • https://files.ontario.ca/driving_gr.png

Slide 15 (alternating left to right):

  • https://www.getsmartaboutdrugs.gov/sites/getsmartaboutdrugs.com/files/images/brain-development.png
  • https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/maven-user-

photos/theweedblog/growing/j42BVlIoHUKAYygyplotlQ/wZzvq2MOIkSsrVw5K75G_Q

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consultation-regulation-cannabis/fig5-eng.jpg

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Image Sources

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Slide 18:

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computer-icons-clip-art-bar-graph-cliparts-5aaab8ae062b79.3172252315211378380253.jpg

  • https://loinhacviet.info/images/scale-clipart-even-4.png
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Image Sources