Lecturer: Monika M. Wahi, MPH, CPH At the end of this lecture, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Lecturer: Monika M. Wahi, MPH, CPH At the end of this lecture, student should be able to: Explain why health care professionals make up such a large proportion of the U.S. work force Name three types of allied health professionals
U.S. health care industry is the largest employer in the U.S. – 13% of the U.S. labor force Over the years, services offered and types of health care professionals available are closely linked Remember Market Justice? Likewise, the distribution of types of services and types of providers has evolved over time Current imbalances Too many specialists, not enough generalists Maldistribution of practitioners – oversupply of the wrong type of physicians Roles for NPPs, PA’s, and nurse midwives increasing
Physicians Dentists Pharmacists Optometrists Chiropractors Psychologists Nurses Podiatrists NPPs Health Service Administrators
Hospitals Nursing Care Facilities Migrant Health Centers Hospitals Community Health Centers Outpatient Facilities MCOs Insurance Firms Mental Health Centers Pharmaceutical Companies School Clinics Physicians’ Offices Laboratories Voluntary Health Agencies Professional Health Associations Colleges
Medicine Colleges of Allied Health Professions Research Institutions
1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 1994 2001 2009 Number of Persons in Thousands
Hospitals
Other Svc. Sites From Table 4.1 (page 81)
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 1994 2001 2009 Other Svc. Sites
Hospitals
From Table 4.1 (page 81)
5 10 15 20 25 30 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 1995 2000 2009 From Table 4.2 (page 83)
100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 600,000 700,000 800,000 900,000 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 1995 2000 2009 All Active Physicians Doctors of Medicine Doctors of Osteopathy From Table 4.2 (page 83)
MD’S
DO’S
Primary
Specialty
7% 14% 17% 22% 40%
Figure 4.1 (page 86)
OB/GYN Peds
Gen./FP Specialists
120,200, 85% 7,700, 5% 6,700, 5% 7,400, 5%
Table 4.3 (page 90)
Dentists Orthodontists Oral Surgeons Dentists, all other
65% 22% 13%
Table 4.4 (page 91)
Retail Hospitals Other
20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 140,000 160,000 180,000 34,800 170,200 12,200 49,100 Number of Professionals Optometrists Psychologists Podiatrists Chiropractors From Table 4.5 (page 92)
Largest Group of HC Professionals
patients
physical, mental, emotional needs Levels of Nurses
ADN, diploma,
level certification
include CNSs, CRNAs, NPs, and CNMs Employment
locations (home, hospital, clinic, etc.)
specialties (long- term care, public health)
nursing shortage
158,348, 67% 70,383, 30% 8,000, 3%
2
50%/50% split between Primary and Specialty Care Work predominantly in Primary Care
Not entire range of primary care, and not complex cases – these given to physician Expansion of NPPs in 1960s in primary care; clients often more satisfied by NPPs than physicians Current issues: legal restrictions, financial barriers to reimbursement, shut out of decision/policy-making
Identify, evaluate, prevent disease/disorders
Technicians and Assistants
Technologists and Therapists
Physicians Researchers Lawyers Environment- alists Social Scientists
Epidemiology Biostatistics Health Svcs. Admin. Health Ed./Beh. Science Environmental Health