Learning outcomes First session Overview of IT architecture - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Platforms and Architecture

Bendik Bygstad IN5210 INFORMATION SYSTEMS SEPT 18, 2017

Learning outcomes

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First session

• Overview of IT architecture principles; modularization, loose

coupling etc.

• Understand the technical and economic aspects of platform

ecosystems Second session

• Appreciate the difference of heavyweight and lightweight IT
• Reflect on the nature and scope of digital platforms

Three levels of IT architcture

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Level Purpose: Dealing with complexity

• 1. Enterprise Architecture

The business processes and IT resources

• 2. Service Oriented

Architecture (SOA, SIAM) Connecting processes and systems through loose coupling

• 3. System/Applications

architecture Components and layers

Application: Layers pattern

Larman, G. (2004) Applying UML and Patterns.

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SOA Example: Bus architectures

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Enterprise Architcture: Pharma Ltd

Andrew Martin (2012): Enterprise IT Architecture in Large Federated Organizations: The Art

• f the Possible

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Tiwana: Platforms Ecosystems

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A digital ecosystem consists of the collection of platform and the apps specific to it. Tiwana 2014 Network effects Architecture Governance Tuning

Plattforms and ecosystems

Traditional ecosystems

• Cities
• Markets
• Airports

Digital ecosystems

• Apple
• Google
• SAP
• Altinn
• Finn

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Digital ecosystems

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ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE (Parker, van Alstyne, Choudary 2014) Platform “A business platform is a nexus of rules and infrastructure that facilitate interactions among network users. A platform may also be viewed as a published standard, together with a governance model, that facilitates third party participation”. Ecosystem Two or n-sided markets grow by network effects, not on traditional economies of scale.

TECHNICAL PERSPECTIVE Tiwana 2013. Platform

“A platform is the extensible codebase of a software-based system that provides core functionality shared by apps that interoperate with it.” Ecosystem A digital ecosystem consists of the collection of platform and the apps specific to it.

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Tiwana: Platform Ecosystems

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Architecture

• Organisation of

elements Governance

• Organisation of

decision rights

Global distribution

(Parker, Alstyne, Choudary, 2016)

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Two conflicting trends in eHealth

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Heavyweight IT

• ”Silos”, fragmented, expensive
• Reliable, secure

Lightweight IT

• Innovative, user friendly, low cost
• ”Shadow IT”,security/privacy issues

”Internet-of-Things” ”Consumeri- zation” ”Robotic Process Automation”

!

IT Architecture at Helse Sør-Øst EPR, clinical systems, BizTalk and 275 physical integrations

Heavyweight- and lightweight IT

Heavyweight IT Lightweight IT

Profile Back-end: Documentation Front-end: Support work processes Systems Journal, lab, imaging etc. Process support, apps, BI Tech-nologies Servers, data bases, middleware Tablets, electronic boards, mobile phones, sensors Architecture Centralised or distributed Meshworks Owner IT department Professional users, vendors, patients Culture Systematics, quality, security Innovation, experimentation Discourse Software engineering Business innovation Challenges High costs, increasing complexity Isolated “gadgets”, data management, security Knowledge regime “A knowledge regime, driven by IT professional, built on systematic requirements specification, and realised through software engineering” “A knowledge regime, driven by competent users’ need for work support, built on mobile digital technology, and realised through innovation processes ”

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Good heavyweight IT: Helse Sør-Øst regional integration platform

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God lightweight IT: St.Hanshaugen town district in Oslo

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• Controlled by

patients

• Surveilled by

health personnel

• Simple,

flexible

• Contact: Sven

Bue Berger

Interplay of Lightweight and Heavyweight IT

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Light- weight IT Heavy- weight IT Technology: Mobile, Internet-of-Things Development: Iterative, experimental Applications: Supporting the immediate need of users Technology: Large systems, integration Development: Systematics, security Applications: Basic registers, transactions

Assumption: Generativity arises from the interaction of loosely coupled heavyweight and lightweight IT

• Loose technical coupling:

”Interaction, not integration”

• Loose coupling on standards:

Don’t stop the innovation process by early standardization

• Loose organisational coupling:

Different knowledge regimes, different vendors

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Kalnes in Østfold: Combination of lightweight- and heavyweight IT

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Lightweight Heavyweight

References

• Sia, Soh and Weill (2016): How DBS Bank Pursued a Digital Business
• Strategy. MISQ Exective, 15(2):105-121.
• Bharadwaj, A., El Sawy, O. A., Pavlou, P. A., & Venkatraman, N.

(2013). Digital business strategy: toward a next generation of insights. MIS Quarterly, 37(2), 471-482.

• Gizaw, Bygstad and Nielsen (2016). Open Generification: A Design

Strategy for Health Information Systems in Developing Countries. Information Systems Journal.

• Staring and Titlestad (2008). Development as a Free Software:

Extending Commons Based Peer Production to the South. ICIS 2008.

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