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Le PR - DIABTE Faut - il le dpister ? Faut - il le traiter ? Franoise - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Le PR - DIABTE Faut - il le dpister ? Faut - il le traiter ? Franoise Fry ( ULB ) u Dfinition : cest quoi le prdiabte ? u u Frquence : est-ce frquent ? u u Histoire naturelle : risque de conversion vers un


  1. Le PRÉ - DIABÈTE Faut - il le dépister ? Faut - il le traiter ? Françoise Féry ( ULB ) u Définition : c’est quoi le prédiabète ? u u Fréquence : est-ce fréquent ? u u Histoire naturelle : risque de conversion vers un diabète avéré u u Peut-on ralentir l’évolution du prédiabète vers le diabète ? u ( études de prévention ) u Une hyperglycémie isolée non diabétique est-elle dangereuse ? u u Le prédiabète est-il associé à un risque cardiovasculaire accru ? u u Faut-il le dépister ? Chez qui et comment ? u u Faut-il le traiter ? Si oui, comment ? u

  2. Qu’entend t-on par prédiabète ? Clinical Practice Recommendations 2010 Diabetes Care. 33 (suppl 1): S62-S69, 2010 Before 1979 : Chemical, Latent, Borderline or Subclinical Diabetes 1979 : Impaired Glucose Tolerance ( IGT ) 1997 : Impaired Fasting Glucose ( IFG ) 2010 (with HbA 1c ) : Impaired → Increased Risk for Diabetes Prediabetes or Impaired Glucose Regulation, Non diabetic hyperglycemia, Dysglycemia, .....

  3. COULD IT PREDIABETES BE YOU? OF 3 1 OUT 86 86 million American adults—more than 1 out of 3—have MILLION prediabetes 9 OF 10 people with prediabetes OUT do not know they have it

  4. Lifetime risk of developing impaired glucose metabolism and eventual progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes . A prospective cohort study Ligthart S et al. Lancet Diab & Endocrinol http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(15)00362-9 2015 Lifetime risk in individuals aged 45 years, adjusted for the competing risk of death (data from 10 050 participants from the Rotterdam Study during a follow-up of up to 14.7 years) Cumula&ve ¡incidence ¡(%) ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡Cumula&ve ¡incidence ¡(%) ¡ Prediabetes Type 2 Diabetes 25% 15% n BMI ≥ 35 kg/m 2 n BMI ≥ 30 to < 35 kg/m 2 n BMI ≥ 25 to < 30 kg/m 2 n BMI < 25 kg/m 2

  5. Histoire Naturelle de l’Intolérance au Glucose Evolution Tolérance vers le Diabète au glucose normalisée 25% Intolérance 50% au glucose En 10 ans 25% Intolérance au Glucose persistante

  6. Le risque d’évolution vers le diabète augmente avec le degré de sévérité d’altération de la glycémie Gabir MM et al. Diabetes Care. 23 1108-1112, 2000 5-year Cumulative Incidence of Diabetes ( % ) in Pima Indians ( n= 5023) Fasting plasma glucose Cumulative Incidence of Diabetes ( % ) 40 2-hour plasma glucose 30 37% 39% 20 10 18% 17% 4% 4% 0 < 100 < 140 100 - 110 140 - 165 110 - 125 165 - 200 Baseline Plasma Glucose ( mg / dl )

  7. Adjusted Hazard Ratios for Self-Reported Diagnosed Diabetes according to the Baseline Glycated Hemoglobin Value Selvin E et al. NEJM. 362: 800-811, 2010 The ¡Atherosclerosis ¡Risk ¡in ¡Communi&es ¡(ARIC) ¡study. ¡ 11,092 ¡adults ¡without ¡history ¡of ¡diabetes ¡or ¡cardiovascular ¡disease ¡ Median ¡follow-­‑up ¡&me ¡: ¡approximately ¡14 ¡years Adjusted Hazard Ratio for Diagnosed Diabetes 5.7 ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡6.4 ¡ HbA 1c (%)

  8. Progression to Type 2 Diabetes characterized Trajectories of glycemia before by moderate then rapid glucose increases diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes. An analysis from the Whitehall II study Mason CC et al. Diabetes 56: 2054-2061, 2007 Tabák AG et al. Lancet 373:2215-2221, 2009 The mode of onset of diabetes follows a non-linear trajectory Longitudinal study in Pima Indians Prospective cohort study of 6538 British civil without diabetes at baseline servants without diabetes at baseline 135 - 400 – 2-hour glucose ( mg / dl ) Fasting glucose ( mg / dl ) 130 - 125 - 300 – l Non-diabetics 120 - l Incident diabetes 115 - 200 – 110 - 105 - 100 – 100 - 95 - 90 - 0 – -20 -16 -12 -8 -4 0 Years from diagnosis Time until end of follow-up (years)

  9. PREVENTION of TYPE 2 DIABETES in IFG and / or IGT - 54% - 31% - 63% + 7% - 20%

  10. Improved lifestyle and decreased diabetes risk over 13 years Long-term follow-up of the randomised Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study ( DPS ) Lindström J et al. Diabetologia 56: 284-293, 2013 Intervention Follow-up 0.8 Risk of developping diabetes Intervention period HR = 0.40 (95% CI 0.30-0.70 ; P<0.001) 0.7 Cumulative Incidence of Diabetes Post intervention period HR = 0.67 (95% CI 0.48-0.95 ; p=0.023) 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 Control 0.1 Intervention 0.0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Follow-up time (years)

  11. Diabetes incidence after lifestyle intervention for people with impaired glucose tolerance in the Da Qing Diabetes Prevention Study . A 23-year follow-up study Guangwei Li et al. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2: 474–480, 2014 Cumulative incidence of diabetes incidence over the 23-year follow-up Intervention Propor&on ¡of ¡par&cipants ¡(%) ¡ ---- Control Group ---- Intervention Group HR 0.55 95%CI (0.40-0.76) Follow-­‑up ¡(years) ¡

  12. Long-term effects of lifestyle intervention or metformin on diabetes development and microvascular complications over 15 - year follow-up The Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 3: 866-875, 2015 DPPOS ¡ DPP ¡ Incidence of diabetes Cumulative incidence of diabetes ( % ) (per 100 person-years) Placebo 11.0 Metformin 7.8 - 31% Lifestyle 4.8 - 58% Over the entire 15-year study Average annual incidence Cumulative incidence vs placebo 7.0% in the placebo group 5.7% in the metformin group - 18% (p<0.0001) 5.2% in the lifestyle group - 27% (p<0.0001) no difference between the lifestyle and metformin groups

  13. Effect of Weight Loss With Lifestyle Intervention on Risk of Diabetes Hamman RF et al. Diabetes Care. 29: 2102-2107, 2006 Diabetes incidence (per 100 person-years) by change in weight after baseline among DPP participants Incidence rate of diabetes ( per 100 person-years ) Changes in weight from baseline ( kg )

  14. Le PRÉ - DIABÈTE Faut - il le dépister ? Faut - il le traiter ? Françoise Féry ( ULB ) u Définition : c’est quoi le prédiabète ? u une hyperglycémie chronique infra-diabétique u Fréquence : est-ce fréquent ? oui u u Risque de conversion vers un diabète avéré : élevé u u Peut-on ralentir l’évolution du prédiabète vers le diabète ? u ( études de prévention ) oui u Une hyperglycémie chronique non diabétique est-elle dangereuse ? u u Le prédiabète est-il associé à un risque cardiovasculaire accru ? u u Faut-il le dépister ? Chez qui et comment ? u u Faut-il le traiter ? Si oui, comment ? u

  15. Patients with Glucokinase Mutations have prolonged , mild Hyperglycemia Steele AM et al. JAMA. 311: 279-286, 2014 Scatterplot of HbA 1c by Age in Patients and Controls Linear regression lines show increasing HbA 1c with age Pa'ents ¡with ¡GCK ¡ muta'ons ¡ ( n = 117 ) ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ HbA 1c (%) ¡ ¡ ¡ Unaffected ¡family ¡ members ¡ ( n = 105 ) Age (year)

  16. Prevalence and Severity of complications in GCK mutations Steele AM et al. JAMA. 311: 279-286, 2014 GCK Controls Young Onset GCK vs GCK vs Characteristics T2D (n=83) Controls T2D (n=99) (n=91) Current age ( yr ) 49 52 55 NS NS (40-63) (42-65) (49-62) Fasting glucose ( mg / dl ) 117 94 144 <0.001 <0.001 (126-135) (86-101) (112-187) HbA 1c ( % ) 6.9 5.8 7.8 <0.001 <0.001 (6.5-7.1) (5.5-5.9) (7.2-8.7) Duration of hyperglycemia ( yr ) 49 NA 17 <0.001 (40-63) (9-23) Albuminuria ( % ) 1% 2% 25% NS <0.001 Background retinopathy ( % ) 27% 12% 34% NS <0.05 Pre / proliferative retinop ( % ) 0% 0% 15% NS <0.002 Maculopathy ( % ) 0% 0% 17% NS <0.001 Significant microvascular complic ( % ) 1% 2% 30% NS <0.001 Significant macrovascular complic ( % ) 4% 10% 25% NS <0.001

  17. Clinical and Metabolic Characteristics in 35 - 70 - year - old Subjects according to their Glucose Tolerance Status ( Botnia Study ) Isomaa B et al. Diabetes Care 24: 683-689, 2001 NGT ( n = 1988 ) Le prédiabète, c’est plus qu’une hyperglycémie IFG / IGT ( n = 798 ) Systolic BP ( mm Hg ) Triglycerides ( mg / dl ) BMI ( kg / m 2 ) Diastolic BP ( mm Hg ) HDL chol ( mg / dl ) Insulin Resistance ( HOMA IR )

  18. Profile of the Immune and Inflammatory Response in Individuals with Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Grossmann V et al. Diabetes Care. 38: 1356-1364, 2015 Impact of inflammatory and immune biomarkers on the presence of prediabetes and diabetes. A logistic model with diabetes or prediabetes vs. normoglycemia as dependent variable was calculated for each biomarker Adjusted for sex and age. Normoglycemia vs Prediabetes Normoglycemia vs Diabetes

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