Kylee Jo Duberstein Equine Extension Specialist, UGA - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Kylee Jo Duberstein Equine Extension Specialist, UGA - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Nov 15, 2022 233 likes •503 views

Kylee Jo Duberstein Equine Extension Specialist, UGA kyleejo@uga.edu; 706-542-7032 What types of hay do they feed? Square vs. Round bales Forage test Sensory properties Delivery and storage Cost Digestibility

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Kylee Jo Duberstein Equine Extension Specialist, UGA kyleejo@uga.edu; 706-542-7032

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 What types of hay do they feed?  Square vs. Round bales  Forage test  Sensory properties  Delivery and storage  Cost

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 Digestibility

  • Maturity—stage when harvested
  • Moisture content
  • Stem to leaf ratio (more leaves=better quality)

 Free of dust, weeds, mold  Storage for horses

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Colic Ulcers

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 Grass hay

  • Bermudagrass

 Coastal vs. other hybrids  The colic dilema

  • Timothy, Orchardgrass
  • Tall fescue—endophyte contamination
  • Ryegrass—problematic for sugar sensitive horses

 Legumes

  • Alfalfa
  • Perennial peanut
  • Red clover—slobbers
  • Lespedeza
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Selecting a forage bermudagrass variety. UGA Cooperative Extension. Dennis

  • W. Hancock, Norman R. Edwards, T. Wade Green, Deron M. Rehberg.
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 Horses can be very sensitive to molds

  • Storage is very important

 Tall fescue

  • Endophyte produces ergovaline—reproductive

problems

 Sweet clover

  • Moldy plants produce dicumerol

 Red clover

  • Rhizoctonia leguminicola
  • Slaframine
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Comparison of the effects of E+ and E- tall fescues on gestation length, foal mortality, agalactia, incidence of placental retention, and rebreeding response in mares (adapted from Monroe et al., 1988). Stars indicate significant difference between treatments (P < 0.05). Fribourg, H. A., D. B. Hannaway, and C. P. West (ed.) 2009. Tall Fescue for the Twenty-first Century.

  • Agron. Monog. 53. ASA, CSSA, SSSA. Madison, WI. 540 pp. Also

(http://forages.oregonstate.edu/tallfescuemonograph).

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 Blister beetles

  • Cantharidin
  • Alfalfa
  • ¼”X 3/4”
  • Cutting of hay
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 Urea

  • NPN
  • Digestion in rumen vs. stomach/small intestine

 Conversion to CO2 and ammonia

  • Toxicity: 0.3-0.5 g/ lethal 1-1.5 g/kg; horses 4

g/kg

 Forage nitrate accumulation

  • Sudan grasses, Johnsongrass, Bermudagrass, Tall

Fescue, Ryegrass, Pearl Millet, Crabgrass

  • Higher concentration following heavy fertilization
  • <4500 ppm dry forage safe

 Horses may tolerate closer to 10,000 ppm

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 DE most important; ADF, NDF  Protein

  • Good quality grasses: 10-16% CP on DM basis
  • Good quality legumes: 18-22% CP on DM basis

 Also should include % moisture

  • No less than 10% (leaf shattering)
  • No more than 15-18% (mold, combustion)

 Minerals, esp. Ca, P

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http://animal.ifas.ufl.edu/extension/equine/documents/2006EquineInstit/SelectingHay.pdf

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Addit dditio ional c l consid idera ratio ions: DE less than 0.75 Mcal/lb are not suitable for horses ADF greater than 45% are not very digestible to horses NDF greater than 65% are not readily eaten by horses ADF less than 31% considered excellent NDF less than 40% considered excellent

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http://animal.ifas.ufl.edu/extension/equine/documents/2006EquineInstit/SelectingHay.pdf

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 DE (kcal/kg DM) = 2,118 + 12.18 (CP%) - 9.37 (ADF %) -3.83

(hemicellulose %) + 47.18 (fat %) + 20.35 (NSC) - 26.3 (ash %)

 DE(kcal/kg) = 255 + 3660 x TDN

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 Need to determine:

  • Cost of hay/pound
  • Mcal of DE/$

 Example

le 1 1

  • 50 lb bale of bermudagrass that costs $5.00
  • $5.00/50 lbs = $0.10/lb

 If that bale of hay had 0.80 Mcal DE/lb

  • .80 Mcal DE/lb X 1 lb/$0.10 = 8 Mcal DE/$1.00

 Example

le 2 2

  • What about a bale of alfalfa that costs $10.00/bale and

has 1.00 Mcal DE?

  • $10.00/50 lbs = $0.20/lb
  • 1 Mcal DE/lb X 1 lb/$0.20 = 5 Mcal DE/ $1.00
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 NSC vs ESC vs WSC  WSC

  • Simple sugars, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and

some polysaccharides

  • Includes fructans
  • Glycemic response depends on % of fructans

 ESC

  • Subset of WSC
  • Includes sugars, disacharides, oligosaccharides and

some fructans

  • Typically induces high glycemic response

 NSC

  • WSC+starch
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FEED EEDSTU TUFF SUGA SUGAR STA TARCH RCH NSC SC Oat hay 16.0% 6.3% 22.3% Alfalfa hay 8.9% 2.5% 11.4% Bermudagrass hay 7.5% 6.1% 13.6% Grass hay 11.1% 2.9% 13.8% Beet pulp 10.7% 1.4% 12.1% Oats 6.3% 44.4% 50.7% Corn 3.7% 70.3% 74.0% Wheat middlings 10.1% 26.2% 36.3% Soybean meal 14.3% 2.1% 16.4%

Average sugar, starch, and non- structural CHOs

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 http://www.caes.uga.edu/applications/publications/files/

pdf/B%201224_2.PDF

 http://www.ker.com/library/equinews/v9n2/v9n210.pdf  http://www.agry.purdue.edu/ext/forages/publications/ID

  • 190.htm

 http://animal.ifas.ufl.edu/extension/equine/documents/2

006EquineInstit/SelectingHay.pdf

 http://www2.ca.uky.edu/agc/pubs/id/id146/id146.htm  http://animalscience.tamu.edu/files/2012/04/equine-

selection-usage-hay-processed-roughage11.pdf

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 kyleejo@uga.edu  706-542-7032