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kodesign Chiller med naturlige kuldemedier Armin Hafner Kveldsmte Introduction European Directive 2009/125/EC: since2018 chillers with a rated cooling capacity not exceeding 2 MW must fulfill a series of ecodesign

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Økodesign ‘Chiller’ med naturlige kuldemedier

Armin Hafner

Kveldsmøte

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Introduction

  • European Directive 2009/125/EC: since2018 chillers with a

rated cooling capacity not exceeding 2 MW must fulfill a series of “ecodesign” requirements to be placed on the market and/or put into service

  • Carbon dioxide (R744) is the an environmentally-friendly

refrigerant classified as A1

  • R744

is, at least initially, not the first choice for air conditioning or chiller units due to its special thermo-physical properties

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Aim of the work

  • This work aims at experimentally proving that R744 chillers

can satisfy the ecodesign requirements by recovering part of the available expansion work with the aid of two-phase ejectors.

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Regulation 2016/2281

  • This is the most important executive regulation related to the

Ecodesign Directive for comfort chillers

  • Minimum required seasonal space cooling energy efficiency

Comfort chiller tier 1 tier 2 01.01.2018 01.01.2021 ηs,c [%] ηs,c [%] Air‐to‐water chillers cooling capacity < 400 kW 149 161 cooling capacity ≥ 400 kW 161 179 Water/brine to water chillers Cooling capacity < 400 kW 196 200 400 kW ≤ cooling capacity < 1.5 MW 227 252 cooling capacity ≥ 1.5 MW 245 272

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Air-to-water and water/brine-to-water comfort chillers

  • Rating points for the calculation of the seasonal space

cooling energy efficiency (ηs,c)

Comfort chiller Rating Point Part Load Ratio Outdoor side heat exchanger Indoor side heat exchanger Inlet temp. [°C] Outlet temp. [°C] Inlet temp. [°C] Outlet temp. [°C] Air‐to‐water A 100% 35 ‐ 12 7 B 74% 30 ‐ 12 7 C 47% 25 ‐ 12 7 D 21% 20 ‐ 12 7 Water/brine to water A 100% 30 35 12 7 B 74% 26 ‐ 12 7 C 47% 22 ‐ 12 7 D 21% 18 ‐ 12 7

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Air-to-water and water/brine-to-water comfort chillers(2)

  • European cooling season for comfort chillers and air conditioner

Point Tamb [°C] tannum [h] EER calculation ηload

[%]

Point Tamb [°C] tannum [h] EER calculation ηload

[%]

1 +17 205 EER (D) 21 13 +29 88 Linear interpolation 68.6 2 +18 227 EER (D) 21 14 +30 63 B ‐ measured value 74 3 +19 225 EER (D) 21 15 +31 39 Linear interpolation 79.2 4 +20 225 D ‐ measured value 21 16 +32 31 Linear interpolation 84.4 5 +21 216 Linear interpolation 26.2 17 +33 24 Linear interpolation 89.6 6 +22 215 Linear interpolation 31.4 18 +34 17 Linear interpolation 94.8 7 +23 218 Linear interpolation 36.6 19 +35 13 A ‐ measured value 100 8 +24 197 Linear interpolation 41.8 20 +36 9 EER (A) 100 9 +25 178 C ‐ measured value 47 21 +37 4 EER (A) 100 10 +26 158 Linear interpolation 52.4 22 +38 3 EER (A) 100 11 +27 137 Linear interpolation 57.8 23 +39 1 EER (A) 100 12 +28 109 Linear interpolation 63.2 24 +40 EER (A) 100

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Experimental setup

Super‐Smart Facility, sponsored by Advansor

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Experimental setup: Active (used) parts

  • Two

inverter controlled compressors

  • GC1

(glycol cooled) and GC2 (water cooled) are used, while GC3 is bypassed

  • EJAC

indicates a multi-ejector block designed for high entrainment ratio and low pressure lift

  • EVAPAC,1 indicates a plate heat

exchanger evaporator whose heat load is provided by an auxiliary glycol loop

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Test procedure

  • Test conditions -> set-points

Comfort chiller Rating Point Part Load Ratio Outdoor side heat exchanger Indoor side heat exchanger Condensat ion

  • temp. [°C]

High pressure [barabs] Gas cooler outlet

  • temp. [°C]

Evaporation temp. [°C] Air‐to‐ water A 100% ‐

  • ver 74

+37 +6 B 74% ‐

  • ver 74

+31 +6 C 47% +30 71 +26 +6 D 21% +25 64 +21 +6 Water/ brine to water A 100% ‐

  • ver 74

+32 +6 B 74% +29.5 70.3 +28 +6 C 47% +25.5 64.5 +24 +6 D 21% +21.5 59 +20 +6

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Test results

  • Conditions as measured

Comfort chiller Rating Point Part Load Ratio Outdoor side heat exchanger Indoor side heat exchanger Condens ation temp. [°C] High pressure [barabs] Gas cooler outlet

  • temp. [°C]

Evaporation temp. [°C] Air‐to‐ water A 100% ‐ 89.8 +37.1 +6 B 74% ‐ 79.8 +31.3 +5.9 C 47% +30.6 72.8 +26.1 +6 D 21% +23.8 62.1 +21.1 +5.9 Water/br ine‐ to‐water A 100% ‐ 80.5 +32.3 +5.9 B 74% +29.3 70.0 +28.2 +5.6 C 47% +25.4 64.3 +24.2 +5.4 D 21% +22.2 60.0 +20.3 +6

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Results

Comfort chiller Rating Point Part Load Ratio Cooling capacity [kW] Power consumpti

  • n [kW]

EER [‐] Tin,gl [°C] Tout,gl [°C] Air‐to‐ water A 100% 53.2 18.2 2.9 +17.4 +11.3 B 74% 39.5 10.7 3.7 +15.2 +10.1 C 47% 25.1 5.2 4.8 +11.5 +8.5 D 21% 11.2 2 5.6 +10.5 +8.3 Water/bri ne‐ to‐water A 100% 53.3 15.2 3.5 +16.1 +9.1 B 74% 39.5 9.0 4.4 +21.0 +7.9 C 47% 25.1 4.6 5.4 +15.9 +7.0 D 21% 11.2 1.9 5.9 +9.8 +7.3

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Results(2)

  • Most of the test conditions are very close to the

required one

  • The resulting glycol inlet and outlet temperatures

are not even close to the required conditions:

– This is due to the fact that the used plate heat exchanger is not designed to handle the required load at these temperature differences (the focus of study is to achieve the required cooling capacity)

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Results(3): Air-to-water chillers

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Minimum value from 1 January 2018 Minimum value from 1 January 2021 Obtained value

Seasonal space cooling energy efficiency of cooling products [%]

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Results(4): Air-to-water chillers

+21,7% +12,7%

0,0 5,0 10,0 15,0 20,0 25,0 Minimum value from 1 January 2018 Minimum value from 1 January 2021

Percentage above minimum Seasonal space cooling energy efficiency of cooling products [%]

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Results(5): Water/brine to water chillers

25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 Minimum value from 1 January 2018 Minimum value from 1 January 2021 Obtained value

Seasonal space cooling energy efficiency of cooling products [%]

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Results(6): Water/brine to water chillers

+3,7% +1,6%

0,0 1,0 2,0 3,0 4,0 5,0 6,0 7,0 8,0 9,0 10,0 Minimum value from 1 January 2018 Minimum value from 1 January 2021

Percentage above minimum Seasonal space cooling energy efficiency of cooling products [%]

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Sammendrag

  • Det er mulig å produsere CO2chillere

som oppfyller økodesign kravene

  • gså etter 2021.
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Other supplier delivering units with natural working fluids

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Eksempler fra Frigo Plus

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Unit #1

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Unit #2

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Unit #3

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Eksempler fra Frigo Plus

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Ecodesing Directive 2009/125/EC

www.frigo‐plus.hr

v.1

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Ecodesign directive –what is it ?

  • Framework for the setting of ecodesign requirements for energy-related

products

  • For chillers ecodesign directive is implemented through 2 main Commission

regulation:

  • 1. Commission Regularion (EU) 2015/1095 - implementing Directive

2009/125/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to ecodesign requirements for professional refrigerated storage cabinets, blast cabinets, condensing units and process chillers

  • 2. Commision Regulation (EU) 2016/2281 - implementing Directive

2009/125/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for the setting of ecodesign requirements for energy-related products, with regard to ecodesign requirements for air heating products, cooling products, high temperature process chillers and fan coil units

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Energy-related products Process chiller SEPR (*) (EU) 2015/1095 LT regime

  • 25 °C

MT regime

  • 8 °C

(EU) 2016/2281 HT regime +7 °C Comfort chiller SEER (**) (EU) 2016/2281 HT regime +7 °C

29 (*) SEPR - seasonal energy performance ratio (**) SEER - seasonal energy efficiency ratio

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First tier minimum seasonal space cooling energy

efficiency of comfort chillers, expressed in % (From 1 January 2018)

Unit type Rated cooling capacity, [kW]

  • Min. ηs,c (SEER)

AW chiller < 400 149 ≥ 400 161 WW chiller < 400 196 ≥ 400 and < 1500 227 ≥ 1500 245 30

COMFORT CHILLER - SEER

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Second tier minimum seasonal space cooling energy

efficiency of comfort chillers, expressed in % (From 1 January 2021)

Unit type Rated cooling capacity, [kW]

  • Min. ηs,c (SEER)

AW chiller < 400 161 ≥ 400 179 WW chiller < 400 200 ≥ 400 and < 1500 252 ≥ 1500 272 31

COMFORT CHILLER - SEER

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First tier seasonal energy performance ratio of high temperature process chillers (From 1 January 2018)

Unit type Rated cooling capacity, [kW]

  • Min. SEPR value

AW chiller < 400 4,5 ≥ 400 5,0 WW chiller < 400 6,5 ≥ 400 and < 1500 7,5 ≥ 1500 8,0 32

HIGH TEMPERATURE PROCESS CHILLER - SEPR

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S econd tier seasonal energy performance ratio of high temperature process chillers (From 1 January 2021)

Unit type Rated cooling capacity, [kW]

  • Min. SEPR value

AW chiller < 400 5,0 ≥ 400 5,5 WW chiller < 400 7,0 ≥ 400 and < 1500 8,0 ≥ 1500 8,5 33

HIGH TEMPERATURE PROCESS CHILLER - SEPR

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S econd tier seasonal energy performance ratio of process chillers (From 1 July 2018)

Unit type Operating temperature Rated cooling capacity, [kW]

  • Min. SEPR

value AW chiller Medium ≤ 300 2,58 > 300 3,22 Low ≤ 200 1,70 > 200 1,84 WW chiller Medium ≤ 300 3,29 > 300 4,37 Low ≤ 200 2,09 > 200 2,42 34

PROCESS CHILLER - SEPR

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Frigo Plus Calculator

Frigo Plus Calculator

  • Interactive

chiller selection tool

Chiller configuration

  • Selection of the

components

Calculation of technical data Automatic calculation of SEPR and SEER value

35 Lower dT on condenser + Lower dT on evaporator + More capacity steps = Higher efficiency and SEPR and SEER values

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Outputs:

36

min krav fra 2021: >161

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Thank you for your attention!

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www.frigo‐plus.hr

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ENRAD fra Sverige

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Takk for oppmerksomheten!

Armin Hafner