Know n & Observ ed Hea lth Im p a ct of Fra cking On In -Utero Dev elop m ent Autism Sy nd rom e Disord er P E N E L O P E A L L D E R D I C E P h D , M D iv . Professor Em erita Mem orial University of Newfoundland TO : T H E N L H F R P O C T O B E R 6 T H , 2 0 1 5 Please review these slides together with appended notes and literature cited
2 FINE PARTICULATE MATTER (PM2.5) “Air Quality Criteria for Particulate LESS than 2.5 micometres diameter Matter”, EPA/ 60 0 / P- A human hair is about 70 95/ 0 0 1F, US micrometres in diameter. Environm ental Protection PM2.5 penetrates lung cells Agency, 19 96 enters human circulation PM2.5 is associated with developmental havoc and multiple health problems. INCLUDING Autism Spectrum Disorders
AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS 3 A set of neurodevelopmental disorders Restrictive or repetitive behaviours Difficulties with verbal and in terpe rsona l communi cati on. The cause of ASD appears multifactorial , Environmental factors and Genetic components contributing. Pelly et al. 20 15 (NL)
ASD CASE-CONTROL STUDIES 4 Monthly averages of PM Logistic regression was with diameters ≤ 2.5 μm used to investigate the (PM2.5) and 2.5–10 μm association between estimated exposure to (PM10–2.5) were PM 2.5 during key predicted from a developmental time spatiotemporal model for periods and risk of ASD, the continental United adjusting for mother's age, States and linked to education, race, and residential addresses. smoking. Raz et al. 201 5 , Talbot et al. 2015 (SouthWest PA) (Nurses Study Continental USA)
2 CASE-CONTROL STUDIES 5 AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS Higher maternal exposure to PM2.5 during pregnancy, Particularly the third trimester is associated with greater odds the child develops with ASD Raz et al. 2015, (Nurses study continental USA) Talbot et al. 2015 (SouthWestern PA)
Autism Spectrum Disorders In The Avalon Peninsula 2015 6 The in incid idence ce of new ASD cases es in incre reased ed from om 10. 0.1 to 16. 6.7 cas ases es per 10 000 000/yr from 200 006 to 201 010. 0. At th the end of 20 2013, 3, th the prev evale lence ce among childre ren born rn in 200 2006 was 21 215. 5.77/10 10,00 000 1 1 ASD case per 46 childre ren This is is over er 3X higher th than th the median preva evalen ence reporte ted in a 20 2012 globa bal revie iew. Pelly et al. 2015 Elsabbagh et al. 2012
AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS 7 The cause of ASD appears multifactorial, Environmental factors and Genetic components contributing. We already have evidence our NL population has unique genetic susceptibilities. It is clear that increased atmospheric PM2.5 from HF on the Port au Port Peninsula would harm foetal development.
THE PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE 8 When an activity raises threats of harm to human health or the environment, (such as excess levels of PM 2.5 from hydraulic fracturing) precautionary measures should be taken even if some cause and effect relationships are not fully established scientifically. The Wingsread Consensus Statement on the Precautionary Principle
9 Policy m akers have a prim a The Role of facie duty to m inim ize false ethics in negatives based on these shale gas considerations: policies protection from serious Science of the harm generally takes Total precedence over the Environm ent enhancem ent of welfare 20 14 alternative solutions exist Inm aculada that m ay provide m any of de Melo- the sam e benefits while m inim izing m any of the Martín, et al. harm s.
First - Do No Harm 10 “ T H E D O S E M A K E S T H E P O I S O N ” PA R A C E L S U S T H E T I M I N G M A K E S T H E P O I S O N W H E N E X P O S U R E S O C C U R D U R I N G E M B R Y O N I C D E V E L O P M E N T. T H E P R E C A U T I O N A R Y P R I N C I P L E M U S T B E A P P L I E D. I J O I N M U L T I P L E INFORMED C I T I Z E N S COMMENDING INDEFINATE EXTENSION OF OUR B A N ON HYDRAULIC FRA CTURING IN NEWFOUNDLAND AND LABRADOR P E N N Y A L L D E R D I C E
FIRST AND LAST - DO NO HARM 11
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