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Kaon Kaon Experiments Experiments at KEK and J-PARC at KEK and J-PARC Tadashi Nomura Tadashi Nomura (Kyoto University) (Kyoto University) T. Nomura (Kyoto U.) The 6th KEK Topical Conference, February 6-8, 2007 The 6th KEK Topical

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The 6th KEK Topical Conference, February 6-8, 2007 The 6th KEK Topical Conference, February 6-8, 2007

  • T. Nomura (Kyoto U.)
  • T. Nomura (Kyoto U.)

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Kaon Kaon Experiments Experiments at KEK and J-PARC at KEK and J-PARC

Tadashi Nomura Tadashi Nomura

(Kyoto University) (Kyoto University)

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The 6th KEK Topical Conference, February 6-8, 2007 The 6th KEK Topical Conference, February 6-8, 2007

  • T. Nomura (Kyoto U.)
  • T. Nomura (Kyoto U.)

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Contents Contents

  Introduction

Introduction

  Two

Two Kaon Kaon experiments: now and future experiments: now and future

  CP-violating Rare decay K

CP-violating Rare decay KL

L

π π0

0νν

νν

  Results from KEK E391a (in analysis)

Results from KEK E391a (in analysis)

  Proposed J-PARC E14

Proposed J-PARC E14

  T-violating Transverse Muon Polarization

T-violating Transverse Muon Polarization in K in K+

+

π π0

0µ

µ+

+ν

ν

  Results from KEK E246 (analysis completed)

Results from KEK E246 (analysis completed)

  Proposed J-PARC E06

Proposed J-PARC E06

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Motivation for Motivation for Kaon Kaon experiment experiment

  Sensitivities nearly reach the SM prediction

Sensitivities nearly reach the SM prediction in extremely rare decays, which are in extremely rare decays, which are important and theoretically clean. important and theoretically clean.

  K

K+

+

π π+

+νν

νν (| (|V Vtd

td|)

|): 10 : 10-10

  • 10 in SM

in SM

  3 candidates observed (BNL E787/E949)

3 candidates observed (BNL E787/E949)

  K

KL

L

π π0

0νν

νν ( (ImV ImVtd

td)

): 10 : 10-11

  • 11 in SM

in SM

  10

10-8

  • 8~10

~10-9

  • 9 in experiment (KEK E391a)

in experiment (KEK E391a)

  ~10

~10-12

  • 12 at J-

at J-Parc Parc

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Motivation for Motivation for Kaon Kaon experiment experiment

  There are unexplored rooms having a

There are unexplored rooms having a possibility to be contributed from physics possibility to be contributed from physics beyond the SM. beyond the SM.

  K

KL

L

π π0

0νν

νν (SM predict ~10

(SM predict ~10-11

  • 11)

)

  Some models enhance branching

Some models enhance branching ratio, ratio, significantly. significantly.

  T-violating muon P

T-violating muon PT

T in

in K K+

+

π π0

0µ

µ+

+ν

ν (SM predict <10

(SM predict <10-7

  • 7)

)

  Some models allow sizeable P

Some models allow sizeable PT

T

w/o conflicting other experimental constraints. w/o conflicting other experimental constraints.

 Act as a probe for new physics Act as a probe for new physics

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K KL

L

π π0

0νν

νν in the Standard Model in the Standard Model

  Feature

Feature

  Z penguin and Box diagram

Z penguin and Box diagram

  Top in the loop, sensitive to

Top in the loop, sensitive to V Vtd

td   A(K

A(KL

L)=A(K

)=A(K0

0-K

  • K0

0)

) ∝ ∝ Im(V Im(Vtd

td)

)

  Small theoretical uncertainty

Small theoretical uncertainty

W W s ν i d ν

Vis V*

id

e,µ,τ

i=u,c,t ν ν W Z

Vis V*

id

d s i

11 2 5 * 10

10 ) 4 . 8 . 2 ( ) ( ) Im( 10 2 . 2 ) (

  • ±

=

  • =
  • t

td ts L

x X V V K B

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K K πνν πνν beyond the SM beyond the SM

  Case Minimal Flavor Violation

Case Minimal Flavor Violation

  Flavor symmetry breaking at very high energy

Flavor symmetry breaking at very high energy and mediated via Yukawa coupling and mediated via Yukawa coupling

  Small deviation from SM in this case

Small deviation from SM in this case

  Case Beyond MFV

Case Beyond MFV

  New source of

New source of flavor symmetry breaking flavor symmetry breaking at at TeV TeV scale scale

  Large deviation might occur

Large deviation might occur

χ ν ν Z dL sL uL(d) ~ uL(s) ~ uR ~

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Kaon Kaon experiments in Japan experiments in Japan

  KEK-PS had provided good opportunities

KEK-PS had provided good opportunities to study to study Kaon Kaon decays.

  • decays. Sensitivities were

Sensitivities were limited by statistics. limited by statistics.

  Now, we are lucky we can get a new,

Now, we are lucky we can get a new, world world’ ’s brightest proton synchrotron here s brightest proton synchrotron here in Japan. in Japan.   J-PARC at Tokai J-PARC at Tokai

Too good to miss !! Too good to miss !!

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K KL

L

π π0

0νν

νν experiments experiments

 KEK E391a

KEK E391a

 in analysis

in analysis

 J-PARC E14

J-PARC E14

 stage1 approval

stage1 approval

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Challenges in K Challenges in KL

L

π π0

0νν

νν measurement measurement

  Extremely small branching ratio (~10

Extremely small branching ratio (~10-11

  • 11)

)

  Many backgrounds from major decay modes:

Many backgrounds from major decay modes: K KL

L

π π0

0π

π0

0π

π0

0 (~0.2), K

(~0.2), KL

L

π π0

0π

π0

0 (~10

(~10-3

  • 3)

), ,… …

  All neutral particles, 3-body decay

All neutral particles, 3-body decay

  Less stringent kinematical constraint

Less stringent kinematical constraint

  Impossible to reconstruct K

Impossible to reconstruct KL

L invariant mass

invariant mass

  Impossible to reconstruct

Impossible to reconstruct π π0

0 mass

mass w/o assuming vertex w/o assuming vertex

How to identify How to identify “ “the decay the decay” ” ? ?

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  • Current K
  • Current KL

L

π π0

0νν

νν experiment : KEK E391a - experiment : KEK E391a -

KEK KEK E391a E391a

  Detect 2

Detect 2γ γ (

(π π0

0

2 2γ γ) ) & Require no other particles

& Require no other particles

Veto counters Calorimeter

  • Clean, narrow beam

“Pencil” beam (8cm @ CsI)

  • High vacuum 10-5 Pa

Detectors in vacuum (0.1 Pa)

KL γ γ

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  • Current K
  • Current KL

L

π π0

0νν

νν experiment : KEK E391a - experiment : KEK E391a -

E391a Analysis Method E391a Analysis Method

  Event Reconstruction

Event Reconstruction

(1) Find 2 clusters (1) Find 2 clusters (2) Calculate Z vertex on beam axis (2) Calculate Z vertex on beam axis assuming M(2 assuming M(2γ γ)=M( )=M(π π0

0)

) (3) Calculate (3) Calculate π π0

0 transverse momentum P

transverse momentum PT

T

Considering Q-value, Signal: higher PT BG : low PT

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  • Current K
  • Current KL

L

π π0

0νν

νν experiment : KEK E391a - experiment : KEK E391a -

KEK KEK E391a Dataset E391a Dataset

  Run I

Run I Feb 04 - Jul 04 Feb 04 - Jul 04

  Suffer BG due to

Suffer BG due to “ “membrane problem membrane problem” ”

  First result published with 1week (10%) data

First result published with 1week (10%) data

  Run II

Run II Mar 05 - Apr 05 Mar 05 - Apr 05

  Fix

Fix “ “membrane problem membrane problem” ”

  Preliminary result with 1/3 data

Preliminary result with 1/3 data

  Run III

Run III Nov 05 - Dec 05 Nov 05 - Dec 05

  New BA (in-beam PV:

New BA (in-beam PV: PWO+Quartz PWO+Quartz sandwich) sandwich)

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  • Current K
  • Current KL

L

π π0

0νν

νν experiment : KEK E391a - experiment : KEK E391a -

Result from Run I 1week Result from Run I 1week

  Establish our basic

Establish our basic analysis method analysis method

  No event in the box

No event in the box

  Set a upper limit:

Set a upper limit: Br < 2.1 x 10 Br < 2.1 x 10-7

  • 7

published in

  • Phys. Rev. D74, 051105 (2006)
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  • Current K
  • Current KL

L

π π0

0νν

νν experiment : KEK E391a - experiment : KEK E391a -

Problem in Run I Problem in Run I

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  • Current K
  • Current KL

L

π π0

0νν

νν experiment : KEK E391a - experiment : KEK E391a -

Cleaner Dataset : Cleaner Dataset : Run II Run II

  “

“ad interim ad interim” ” Final plot Final plot

  Blind analysis

Blind analysis

  Mask

Mask “ “the box the box” ” and around and around

  Study BGs

Study BGs

  Halo neutrons

Halo neutrons

  • n CC02 (Z~250)
  • n CC02 (Z~250)
  • n CV (Z~550)
  • n CV (Z~550)

Preliminary Preliminary

Run II 1/3

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  • Current K
  • Current KL

L

π π0

0νν

νν experiment : KEK E391a - experiment : KEK E391a -

K KL

L

π π0

0π

π0

0 Background

Background

  Major K decay background

Major K decay background

  Two photons are missed

Two photons are missed due to inefficiency or hidden by other photon due to inefficiency or hidden by other photon Negligible

0.08 in the box for Run II full

MC statistics : 36 times

  • f Run II 1/3

Preliminary Preliminary

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  • Current K
  • Current KL

L

π π0

0νν

νν experiment : KEK E391a - experiment : KEK E391a -

Halo Neutron Background Halo Neutron Background

  MC well reproduces data (amazing!)

MC well reproduces data (amazing!)

  Estimation of BG inside signal box in progress

Estimation of BG inside signal box in progress

  In parallel, optimization of the box in progress

In parallel, optimization of the box in progress

Preliminary Preliminary

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  • Current K
  • Current KL

L

π π0

0νν

νν experiment : KEK E391a - experiment : KEK E391a -

Expected Sensitivity for Run II Expected Sensitivity for Run II

  Single event sensitivity

Single event sensitivity with full data in Run II with full data in Run II

  Acceptance

Acceptance : A=1.64 x 10 : A=1.64 x 10-2

  • 2

  Number of K

Number of KL

L : N

: NK

K=5.28 x 10

=5.28 x 109

9

SES = 1/(A*N SES = 1/(A*NK

K)

) = 1.15 x 10 = 1.15 x 10-8

  • 8

Preliminary Preliminary

K KL

L

π π0

0π

π0

0π

π0 K KL

L

π π0

0π

π0 K KL

L

γγ γγ

M(6 M(6γ γ) (GeV/c ) (GeV/c2

2)

) M(4 M(4γ γ) (GeV/c ) (GeV/c2

2)

) Z vertex (cm) Z vertex (cm)

Data/MC Data/MC

1

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  • Current K
  • Current KL

L

π π0

0νν

νν experiment : KEK E391a - experiment : KEK E391a -

E391a E391a Status Status

  Run I

Run I

  Finish 1 week data analysis

Finish 1 week data analysis   published published

  Process under going for Run I full period

Process under going for Run I full period

  Run II / III

Run II / III (Blind analysis) (Blind analysis)

  Now intensively being studied

Now intensively being studied

  Close to the stage to proceed full sample analysis

Close to the stage to proceed full sample analysis and open the box and open the box

  Will finish full analysis by the end of 2007

Will finish full analysis by the end of 2007 (hopefully) (hopefully)

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  • Future K
  • Future KL

L

π π0

0νν

νν experiment : J-PARC E14 - experiment : J-PARC E14 -

J-PARC K experiment J-PARC K experiment

  J-PARC =

J-PARC = Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex

  Now under construction at Tokai-site

Now under construction at Tokai-site

  High intensity PS

High intensity PS

  30 / 50

30 / 50 GeV GeV

  3x10

3x1014

14

ppp ppp

  3.4 sec cycle

3.4 sec cycle

  First beam

First beam in 2008 in 2008

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  • Future K
  • Future KL

L

π π0

0νν

νν experiment : J-PARC E14 - experiment : J-PARC E14 -

J-PARC E14 : Step1 J-PARC E14 : Step1

  Common target

Common target

  16 degree production

16 degree production

  Pencil beam w/ 9

Pencil beam w/ 9µ µstr str

  E391a detector

E391a detector with upgrades with upgrades

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  • Future K
  • Future KL

L

π π0

0νν

νν experiment : J-PARC E14 - experiment : J-PARC E14 -

J-PARC E14 Advantage J-PARC E14 Advantage

  Much larger K

Much larger KL

L yield

yield [Sensitivity] [Sensitivity]

  30 times of E391a

30 times of E391a

  Better n/K

Better n/KL

L

[neutron BG] [neutron BG]

  9 instead of 42 (E391a)

9 instead of 42 (E391a)

  New collimator design

New collimator design [Halo neutron BG] [Halo neutron BG]

  Detector upgrades

Detector upgrades [K decay BG] [K decay BG] [Acceptance] [Acceptance] [High rate capability] [High rate capability]

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  • Future K
  • Future KL

L

π π0

0νν

νν experiment : J-PARC E14 - experiment : J-PARC E14 -

Detector upgrade Detector upgrade

  KEK

KEK E391a E391a

  J-PARC

J-PARC E14 E14

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  • Future K
  • Future KL

L

π π0

0νν

νν experiment : J-PARC E14 - experiment : J-PARC E14 -

Detector upgrade Detector upgrade

  Calorimeter

Calorimeter

  Use

Use KTeV KTeV CsI CsI (KEK and FNAL under negotiation)

(KEK and FNAL under negotiation)

  More radiation length,

More radiation length, reduce shower leakage reduce shower leakage

  Better segmentation

Better segmentation, , reduce fused photons reduce fused photons

  New readout

New readout

  125MHz FADC with

125MHz FADC with 7-pole Bessel filter 7-pole Bessel filter

( (passive quasi-Gaussian shaper) )

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  • Future K
  • Future KL

L

π π0

0νν

νν experiment : J-PARC E14 - experiment : J-PARC E14 -

Detector upgrade Detector upgrade

  In-beam photon veto detector

In-beam photon veto detector Lead- Lead-Aerogel Aerogel “ “sparse sparse” ” sandwich sandwich

  Less sensitive to beam neutron

Less sensitive to beam neutron

  Efficiency <10

Efficiency <10-3

  • 3 for En=1GeV

for En=1GeV ( (cf cf) neutron rate: ~0.5GHz, En>0.1GeV ) neutron rate: ~0.5GHz, En>0.1GeV

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  • Future K
  • Future KL

L

π π0

0νν

νν experiment : J-PARC E14 - experiment : J-PARC E14 -

Goal and Time-line Goal and Time-line

  Observe ~5 SM events, with S/N=1.4

Observe ~5 SM events, with S/N=1.4

Acceptance loss, estimated from E391a experience Acceptance loss, estimated from E391a experience

  3 years run, 2010-2

3 years run, 2010-2

  Beam survey in 2008-9 (important milestone)

Beam survey in 2008-9 (important milestone)

KLπ0νν KLπ0π0 (even pair) KLπ0π0 (odd pair)

PT PT vs vs Z distribution (Final plot) of signal and BG Z distribution (Final plot) of signal and BG

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Muon polarization in K Muon polarization in K+

+

π π0 µ µ +

+ν

ν

 KEK E246

KEK E246

 Analysis completed

Analysis completed

 J-PARC E-06

J-PARC E-06

 stage1 approval

stage1 approval

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Muon P Muon PT

T in K

in K+

+

π π0

0µ

µ+

+ν

ν

  P

PT

T ; represented by T-violating triple product

; represented by T-violating triple product

  How to measure P

How to measure PT

T

  Measure emission asymmetry of e

Measure emission asymmetry of e+

+ from

from µ µ+

+

with tagging with tagging µ µ+

+ and

and π π0 direction direction

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  • Current Muon P
  • Current Muon PT

T in K

in K+

+

π π0

0µ

µ+

+ν

ν experiment : KEK E246 - experiment : KEK E246 -

KEK E246 experiment KEK E246 experiment

(1) Use stopped K (1) Use stopped K+

+

(4) Measure CW/CCW asymmetry of e (4) Measure CW/CCW asymmetry of e+

+

in azimuthally symmetrical detector in azimuthally symmetrical detector (3) Lead (3) Lead µ µ+

+ to

to polarimeter polarimeter through SC through SC toroidal toroidal spectrometer spectrometer (2) Tag (2) Tag π π0

0 and

and define direction (FWD/BWD) define direction (FWD/BWD)

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The 6th KEK Topical Conference, February 6-8, 2007 The 6th KEK Topical Conference, February 6-8, 2007

  • T. Nomura (Kyoto U.)
  • T. Nomura (Kyoto U.)

30 30

  • Current Muon P
  • Current Muon PT

T in K

in K+

+

π π0

0µ

µ+

+ν

ν experiment : KEK E246 - experiment : KEK E246 -

E246 result E246 result

Final result : Phys. Rev. D73, 072005 (2006) δ δP PT

T(stat

(stat) ~ 10 ) ~ 10-3

  • 3

δ δP PT

T(syst

(syst) ~ 10 ) ~ 10-3

  • 3
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The 6th KEK Topical Conference, February 6-8, 2007 The 6th KEK Topical Conference, February 6-8, 2007

  • T. Nomura (Kyoto U.)
  • T. Nomura (Kyoto U.)

31 31

  • Future Muon P
  • Future Muon PT

T in K

in K+

+

π π0

0µ

µ+

+ν

ν experiment : J-PARC E06 - experiment : J-PARC E06 -

J-PARC E06 J-PARC E06

  Use J-PARC K0.8

Use J-PARC K0.8 Beamline Beamline

  Based on E246 detector

Based on E246 detector

  Sensitivity of

Sensitivity of δ δP PT

T~10

~10-4

  • 4
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The 6th KEK Topical Conference, February 6-8, 2007 The 6th KEK Topical Conference, February 6-8, 2007

  • T. Nomura (Kyoto U.)
  • T. Nomura (Kyoto U.)

32 32

  • Future Muon P
  • Future Muon PT

T in K

in K+

+

π π0

0µ

µ+

+ν

ν experiment : J-PARC E06 - experiment : J-PARC E06 -

Detector upgrades Detector upgrades

 Active muon polarimeter

 Stopper + drift chamber  Large analyzing power

 Muon field magnet

 Precise field alignment

 Smaller and finer

segmented target

 Better kinematical resolution

to suppress π+ decay in flight BG

KEK E246 KEK E246 polarimeter polarimeter E-06 E-06

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SLIDE 33

The 6th KEK Topical Conference, February 6-8, 2007 The 6th KEK Topical Conference, February 6-8, 2007

  • T. Nomura (Kyoto U.)
  • T. Nomura (Kyoto U.)

33 33

  • Future Muon P
  • Future Muon PT

T in K

in K+

+

π π0

0µ

µ+

+ν

ν experiment : J-PARC E06- experiment : J-PARC E06-

Expected Sensitivity Expected Sensitivity

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SLIDE 34

The 6th KEK Topical Conference, February 6-8, 2007 The 6th KEK Topical Conference, February 6-8, 2007

  • T. Nomura (Kyoto U.)
  • T. Nomura (Kyoto U.)

34 34

Summary (I) Summary (I)

  State-of-the-art

State-of-the-art Kaon Kaon experiments close in experiments close in

  • n SM prediction and have a possibility to
  • n SM prediction and have a possibility to

explore physics beyond SM. explore physics beyond SM.

  KEK PS had provided good opportunities to

KEK PS had provided good opportunities to study important study important Kaon Kaon physics. physics.

  K

KL

L

π π0

0νν

νν (KEK E391a) (KEK E391a) down to 10 down to 10-8

  • 8~10

~10-9

  • 9 sensitivity

sensitivity

  T-violating Muon P

T-violating Muon PT

T in K

in K+

+

π π0

0µ

µ+

+ν

ν (KEK E246) (KEK E246) to ~10 to ~10-3

  • 3 precision

precision

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The 6th KEK Topical Conference, February 6-8, 2007 The 6th KEK Topical Conference, February 6-8, 2007

  • T. Nomura (Kyoto U.)
  • T. Nomura (Kyoto U.)

35 35

Summary (II) Summary (II)

  Now, we get new, powerful accelerator

Now, we get new, powerful accelerator here in Japan, J-PARC at Tokai. here in Japan, J-PARC at Tokai.

  We are preparing further precise

We are preparing further precise experiments with this new machine, based experiments with this new machine, based

  • n the experience in KEK-PS experiment.
  • n the experience in KEK-PS experiment.

  K

KL

L

π π0

0νν

νν (J-PARC E-14) (J-PARC E-14)

  down to ~10

down to ~10-12

  • 12 sensitivity, aim to observe SM events

sensitivity, aim to observe SM events

  T-violating Muon P

T-violating Muon PT

T in K

in K+

+

π π0

0µ

µ+

+ν

ν (J-PARC E-06) (J-PARC E-06)

  with ~10

with ~10-4

  • 4 precision, to explore non-SM contribution

precision, to explore non-SM contribution