Ka Tikaka o Ka Roro The Developing Brain booknathanwallis@gmail.com @nathanwallisxfactoreducation
The Developing Brain X Factor Education @nathanwallisxfactoreducation booknathanwallis@gmail.com
The Decade of the Brain The 1990’s were called the ‘dec ecade o of the b e brain’ n’ due to significant advancements in brain scanning technologies. What did we find out? * The growth of the frontal cortex is exper erience d depen endent . * The first thousand days ARE the most important. Cozolino, Louis (2006). The neuroscience of human relationships: Attachment and the developing social brain. New york, NY,US: W. W. Norton & Co.
Weight of a brain at 0, 3 & Adult 300 350 400 500 600 700 800 900 1 kilo 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Newborn Three year Adult brain baby brain old brain 1.4 k 1.4 kilos 350 g 350 grams 1.2 k 1.2 kilos
The Human Brain
Perry’s Neuro-sequential Model Empathy - Controlling Yourself - Literacy Emotional Response Coordination - Movement Heart Rate Fight – Flight - Freeze Perry, B.D. (2002 ). Brain Structure and Function 1: Basics of Organisation . Adapted in part from “Maltreated Children Experience, Brain Development and the Next Generation (W.W. Norton & Company)
Brain & Pedagogy NEEDS BRAIN Adapted from: McCaleb, M. & Mikaere-Wallis, N . Relationship-shaping: Teacher consistency and implications for brain development . The First Years/Ng ā Tau Tuatahi: New Zealand Infant and Toddler Education , 7 (2), 21-25
_ Te Whanau Roro ATTACHMENT Tamaiti CORTEX _ Nga Matua LIMBIC (me Nga Rangatahi!) MOVEMENT _ BRAINSTEM Kaumatua STRESS Na Dr Rangimarie Rose Pere – Oral Communications 2009
ATTACHMENT CORTEX 4. Learning (wananga) 3. Emotional Validation LIMBIC (whakawhanauggatanga) 2. Rhythm (waiata) MOVEMENT 1. Safety (karanga & karakia) BRAINSTEM Kai meets the needs of all FOUR STRESS Na Dr Rangimarie Rose Pere – Oral Communications 2009
As one increases, the other declines – and vise versa LOW HIGH Cortex Activity Activity Brainstem To really be using your cortex, your brainstem needs to be CALM .
Effects of Trauma, abuse & neglect on the developing brain .
Image from Raine, A. (2009). Murderous Minds: Can we see the mark of Cain? Accessed from www.dana.org/news/cerebrum/detail
Biology of Comfort Links brain stem to heart, lungs and stomach. • As a child is reassured, the heart, lungs & stomach settle. • Alarm system dimmer switch: not just on/off. • Good vagal tone linked to better emotional balance: • Better emotional balance • Clear thinking • Improved attention span • More effective immune system • Sunderland, M. (2006) The Science of Parenting London: Dorling Kindersley
Pro social behaviors CORTEX 3. Cognitive Training 2. Validation LIMBIC MOVEMENT 1. SAFETY BRAINSTEM Survival/Reptilian behaviors
Effects of Trauma, abuse & neglect on the developing brain .
Effects of Trauma, abuse & neglect on the developing brain Adolescent Adult Yurgelun-Todd, D. (2002) Frontline interview “Inside the Teen Brain” on . www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/teenbrain/interviews/todd.html
Amygdala vs Frontal Cortex Reading Facial Expressions Fusiform Gyrus Yurgelun-Todd, D. Emotional and cognitive changes during adolescence. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 2007, 17:251-257
Memory and Alcohol Image from Susan Tapert PhD. University of California, San Diego.
Hippocampus
Neuro-sequential Needs ATTACHMENT CORTEX 4. Executive Functions 3. Self Esteem, Dispositions LIMBIC & Emotional Connection 2. Rhythmic Patterning MOVEMENT & Lateralisation 1. Calm the HPA Axis BRAINSTEM STRESS
Trauma Background ATTACHMENT CORTEX 4. Learning 3. Emotional Validation LIMBIC MOVEMENT 2. Rhythm BRAINSTEM 1. Safety STRESS Kia meets the needs of all FOUR
Four parts of the brain - Brainstem Karakia • LEARNING Kaumatua • Touch (mirimiri) • Sensory Pathways • EMOTIONS Predictability (karaka) • Autonomy • Water & kai • MOVEMENT Dyadic Relationship • SAFETY
Four parts of the brain - Movement Rhythmic Patterning • LEARNING Routine • Ritual • Waiata • EMOTIONS Motivation • Kapa Haka • Movement Autonomy • MOVEMENT Corpus Callosum • SAFETY
Four parts of the brain - Limbic Validation • LEARNING Self Esteem • Dispositions • Naming emotions • EMOTIONS Reframing • Risk Taking • Cultural Validation & Restoration • MOVEMENT SAFETY
Four parts of the brain - Cortex Academic Achievement • LEARNING Empathy • Self regulation • Problem Solving • EMOTIONS Inhibitory control • Working memory • Metacognition • MOVEMENT Detachment • SAFETY
Pruning At Birth 3-6 years 14 years
Changes to the Cellular Architecture of the Brain in Adolescence
If we imagine the brain as a tree… Endorphins = Cortisol = Fertilizer Weed Killer
NURTURE – by Peter Aslop & Nathan Wallis “By opening our hearts and minds to ideas – both sharing them and receiving them – we embrace a timeless truth: it takes a village to raise great children” Available at www.pottonandburton.co.nz/store/NURTURE
New App available on iPhone & Android just search Paren enting B Baby’s Brain New Book by Peter Aslop & Nathan Wallis NURTURE – The Art of Parenting Available at www.pottonandburton.co.nz/store/NURTURE New Documentary series An Anxious World: Children https://attitudelive.com/watch/An-Anxious-World-Children-Part-1 https://attitudelive.com/watch/An-Anxious-World-Children-Part-2 @nathanwallisxfactoreducation @nathandwallis xfactoreducation@gmail.com
Love Grows Brains wrightfamilyfoundation.org.nz
References The M Mediationa onal R Role o of N Neuroc ocog ogni nition on in t the Behavioura oural Outcom omes o of a a Social-Emot otiona onal Prevention on Progra ram i in Element ntary ry School hool St Stude dents: E Effects o of t the PATHS S Cu Curriculum. N Nat athan anial al R. R. Riggs et al al. i . in Prev even ention S Scien ence, e, Vo Vol. 7, N No. 1 1 pa pages es 91-102; 102; M March 2006 The E Effe ffects o of a f a Mindfu fulness-Based E Educ ucation P Prog rogram on on Pre re- and Early y Ad Adoles escen ents’ Wel ell-Bein ing and Socia ial a l and Emotio ional C l Competence. e. Kimber erly A. y A. Schone onert-Reich chlan and d Molly St Stewar art L Law awlor in Mi Mindfulness, pages es 1 1-15 15; 201 2010 Inter erve ventions Shown to Ai Aid E Exec ecutive e Function Devel evelopm pmen ent in Children 4 t to 1 12 Y Yea ears Old. Ad Adel ele D e Diamond and K Kathlee een Lee i Lee in Scien ence, e, V ol ol. 333, 333, p pages 959 959-964; August 19, 19, 201 2011 Beh ehavi vioral and Neu eural C Correlates o of Del elay y of Gratification 4 40 Y Yea ears La Later er. B B.J. Casey et ey et al. in Proce ceedings o of the N National A Aca cademy o of Sci cience USA, Vol. 108, 108, N No. 6, 6, pages 14, 14,99 998-15, 15,003; 003; S September 6 6, 2011 Com omputerized T Tra raining of of Work Working M Memory ory i in C n Chi hildre ren w with A ADHD- A Ran ando domized, d, Co Controlled T Trial al. T. . Kling ngberg rg, E E. Fer ernel ell, P P.J Oles esen, M. M. Johnson, P P. Gusst sstafsso son, K K. Dahl-strom rom, C C.G Gill illberg, H.Forssb ssberg and H H. W Wes ester erber erg in Journal o of the A American Aca cademy o of Child and A Adoles escen ent P Psychiatry, Vo Vol. 4 44, N No. 2 2, pa pages es 177-186; 186; February 2 2005 Improving ng F Flui uid Intelligenc nce w with h Training ng o on Working ng M Memory. Sus usanne nne M M. Jaeggi, Ma Martin Bus uschk hkue uehl hl, J John hn Jonides esan and W Wal alter J. Perri rrigin n Proceedings o of the N National A Academy o of Sciences U USA, V Vol. 105, 105, N No. 19, 19, p pages 6829 6829-6833; 6833; M May 13, 2 2008. 08.
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