Japanese Fisheries CoManagement System based on bottomup approach - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Japanese Fisheries CoManagement System based on bottomup approach - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Feb 29, 2024 292 likes •515 views

Seminar on Effective Approach and Methods to Promote Fisheries Resources 29 June 2020 SEAFDEC Training Management in Smallscale Fisheries Department, Samut Prakan, Thailand Agenda Japanese Fisheries CoManagement System based

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Seminar on “Effective Approach and Methods to Promote Fisheries Resources Management in Small‐scale Fisheries”

Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency National Research Institute of Fisheries Science Tsutom Miyata

29 June 2020 SEAFDEC Training Department, Samut Prakan, Thailand

Japanese Fisheries Co‐Management System based on bottom‐up approach

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Agenda ４

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Inshore/Coastal fishery: fishing without boat, or fishing boat under 10 tones, or fishing boat is without engine, or set net; operated under territorial use rights in fisheries (TURF), license to mainly fisheries cooperative association (FCA) by Governor, and free fisheries under prefectural basic‐fisheries‐regulation. Marine aquaculture: aｎ area for aquaculture used by a group; operated under demarcated/ aquaculture right, license to mainly FCA Inland fisheries: mainly FCA, as the overall management body, are licensed fishing rights with managing inland waters and propagating fisheries resources. Inland aquaculture: basically, it conducts aquaculture at private ponds/estate under law/regulation of water quality control, fisheries medicine and etc. Offshore fishery: fishing vessel from 10 to 200 tones excluding large set net using the size vessel; licensed fisheries by Governor or Minister; from a day to a week operation inside of Japanese EEZ mainly; large and middle scale purse seine, middle sized trawl, etc. Deep‐sea/High‐sea/Distant water fishery: fishing vessel over 100 tones; licensed fisheries by Minister; operation term over 6 months; high sea or EEZ of other countries; high‐sea trawl, the East China sea and Yellow sea trawl, high‐sea tuna long line, high‐sea skipjack pole and line, high‐sea squid angling, etc.

Outline of Japanese law and regulation for fisheries and aquaculture

With local government With local government With local government

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License fisheries TURFs: for Small‐ scale fishing except large set‐net

TURFs and fishing license for small-scale fisheries

FUDAI Town NODA Town KUJI City Town Border Town Border Near Shore Shore Offshore Controlled by FCAs with Iwate prefecture Controlled by Iwate prefecture IWATE Prefecture Map

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International affaires

National Gov. Prefecture (City, Town, Village)

National Federation

  • f FCA

Prefectural Federation

  • f FCA

FCA

Large‐scale Fishers Small‐scale Fishers Central Cooperative Bank for Agriculture, Forestry, Fishery Prefecture Credit Federation

  • f FCA

Central Cooperative Insurance for Fishery Prefecture Insurance Federation

  • f FCA

Vessel, fishery Vessel, fishery Very Strong tie Strong Tie Tie Weak tie

Organizational structure of fisheries‐ related

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Committees for fisheries and aquaculture policies

  • National policies: Fisheries Policy Council; It is an advisory body to the Minister of Agriculture,

Forestry and Fisheries, established to search and deliberate on important matters such as the basic plan for fisheries, the white paper on fisheries, sustainable management of fisheries resources, and the development of fishing ports and fishing grounds. The member is composed of fishers, researchers, and representatives of public interest.(marine products distributers, media, consumer and etc.)

  • Adjacent prefectures' policies: Wide Sea‐area Fisheries Adjustment Commission (6 areas)

It is an advisory body to a few Governors, searches and deliberates on important matters such as the sustainable management of fisheries resources. The member is almost same as the above

  • Local government policies: Area Fishery Adjustment Commission(66 areas)

The purpose and member are almost same as the above.

  • FCA policies: Making Exercise Rule for Fishery Right (endorsed by Governor) and FCA’s

regulations by fishers themselves for costal fisheries and aquaculture

  • Fisher’s group policies: Making Fishery and aquaculture rules by fishers themselves
  • Special committees for FM among representatives from fisher, distributer,

local governmental officer, researcher <‐keyperson

information information

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Japanese process of making Co‐Management for Fisheries≓bottom‐up≓ community based

Explain

The member of the committee=representative in fishing village

Explain

Prefectural Researchers The members of committee

Discuss

Decision; guideline of FM for a fish

Explain

Fishermen in village

Discuss

Researchers Decision; guideline of FM for a fish

The area Fishery Adjustment Commission The local government Announcement

  • f the regulation to

fishers and citizen Putting the regulation in force and adding it to Exercise Rule

for Fisheries Right After over a year

Discuss

Through the committees and headquarter committee Feedback Committees Fishing village/region Actual resource condition Recommendation rules for FM information

Special committees for FM

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Resource survey by Local Governmental Fisheries Experiment Station

At a wholesale market near a fishing port Using survey ship MSY Adding many data

Sustainable estimated catch(MT)

Stock (MT)

Source; http://www.pref.iwate.jp/~hp5507/

‘97 ‘98 ’99 ’01 ’02 ‘03 ’04 ’05 ’06 CPUE(kg/boat)

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At a wholesale market near a fishing port At a wholesale market in urban area

y = 183.02e0.0073x R2 = 0.8915 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 100 200 300 400 500 600 （円/kg） (g/尾)

100 200 300 400 500 600 1月 1月 1月 1月 1月 1月 1月 1月 1月 2月 2月 2月 2月 2月 2月 2月 2月 2月 2月 3月 3月 3月 3月 3月 3月 3月 3月 3月 3月 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 （銘柄） （kg） 図８ 釜石魚市場における月別・銘柄別上場量および価格動向 資料：2006年釜石魚市場原票より作成 300ｇ／尾、８ｃｍを超えるケガニの漁獲量は多くない （月）

Adding many data

Economic survey by Local Governmental Fisheries Experiment Station

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Quantity Price(Yen/kg) Size Month Standard

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ERFR(Exercise Rule for Fisheries Right)

  • 1. Qualification ：Only member excluding associate member
  • 2. Delegation of fishing: Prohibition excepting disease
  • 3. and 4. are written down “Exercise Rule for Fisheries Right (ERFR)

Committee”

  • 5. Allowable Fishery Method: Limit of no. of fishing gear; under 150 gill‐

nets (from 1st Jan. to 15th Oct. and from 20th Dec. to 28th Dec.)……etc.

  • 6. Protected Area: Benten cape and Okido cape….etc.
  • 7. When EFR Committee decide to set new ERFR, the Committee should

consider about fishing household economy. Input control

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  • 8. Limited catch size: under 30 cm Japanese flounder and 20 cm

marbled sole Limited boat size: under 10 tons for gill‐net FCA must inspection the fishing ground as needed

  • 9. Restricted and prohibited fishing gear: under 7.5cm mesh size gill‐
  • net. Under 12.1cm mesh size when the target fish is Japanese

flounder……etc.

  • 10. Members should pay fee for administration of EFR
  • 11. Administrative director of FCA is stopped fishing of violator and

carry a penalty

  • 12. FCA should hear committee’s comments in charge of a fishing

grand when ERFR is revised by FCA administrative board Technical control Input control Administration

<‐Rare case because of mutual monitoring

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Mechanism for keeping FM rules by fishers

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Why do the fishers follow the Exercise Rule?

  • The rule is criteria which local government allow, but the rules

were decided by themselves after many discussions among fishers with local governmental officers and researchers.

  • That’s way, they conduct mutual monitoring on violating rules.

https://ndnr.com/pain‐medicine/ostracism‐the‐painful‐exclusion/

  • Many fishers live in the fishing village for long

term and will continue to live there. It is very important to maintain harmonization among people in the village. Therefore, it is difficult to violate the rules, it means OSTRACISIM.

OSTRACISIM

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Source: Gutiérrez, Nicolás L., Ray Hilborn, and Omar Defeo. "Leadership, social capital and incentives promote successful fisheries." Nature 470.7334 (2011): 386‐389.

Leadership, social capital and incentives promote successful fisheries

Incentives; TURF, IQ, ITQ… HDI: Human Development Index; length of life, Education, GDP

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Leadership‐Leader of fishers system ”Gyogyoshi”

I. To be recommended the leaders by FCAs and Fisheries Extension Officers. After this, given honor/title by Governor

  • II. To take training courses as leader
  • III. To collect information of outside and learn new technology
  • IV. To work as adviser in his fishing village, to implement latest

technology and teach from developed areas, such as latest FM rules with success stories

  • V. To attend the committee of leaders

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Fisher Leaders Group:

SFLG Senior Fisher Leaders Group YFLG Young Fisher Leaders Group Ordinary Fishers

Authorized by government or local government

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MCS for an illegal fishing

  • Coastal guard, national level
  • Fisheries patrol boat; 2 local governmental ships

; over 10 FCA boats

  • Surveillance fishers; 251 people
  • Cf. 5,000 households
  • Monitoring by ordinary fishermen themselves: mutual check
  • Monitoring in wholesale market

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Case of MCS in Iwate Pref.

↑formal organization ↓informal group or organization

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Fishers’ motivation to comply with FM

  • Technical information from fisheries extension officers(FEOs)
  • Prefectural subsidy supported through FEOs
  • Prefectural licenses
  • Utilization of fishing port and space around the port

administrated by Prefecture.

  • FCA’s licenses: aquaculture, gillnet, cage, long line, etc.
  • FCA’s small loan/small debt from FCA
  • FCA’s shared facility for fisheries
  • Marine products wholesales by FCA
  • https://www.irasutoya.com/

2019/12/blog‐post_78.html

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No.345 TEST CERTIFICATE Place of registry Iwate Prefecture Tsutom Miyata The day of birth; 8 Jury 1969 I certificate the pass of examination of a fisheries extension officer in 2006 fiscal year 4 January 2007 Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Toshikatsu Matsuoka

FEO/FEW has a license to extend new technique and knowledge of fisheries and aquaculture for fishers. FEO/FEW gives fishers technique and knowledge, and support fishers such as prefectural subsidy and survey of developed area The relationship between fishers and FEO strengthens through the above.

Fisheries Extension Officer (Worker)

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An eligible person for FEO/FEW works at government and FCA for 2‐10 years depending on educational status National license endorsed by Ministry

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Ostracism

Mechanism for complying with FM

Pressure

Fishers’ leaders as Gyogyoshi

Pressure

MSC Pressure

  • 1. Coastal guards
  • 2. Prefectural patrols
  • 3. FCA patrols

Hope

Success stories of FM

Pressure

Local government: license ,technical info. Subsidy

  • 4. Surveillance fishers
  • 5. Mutual check
  • 6. Monitors of wholesale market

FCA:license, loan/debt,etc.

Violating FM rules

Violating FM rules

Violating FM rules

Violating FM rules

Violating FM rules

Violating FM rules

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Thank you for your attention Let’s develop small‐scale fishing villages, and secure seafood

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