IWEC 2014 Presentation Conference Paper September 2014 CITATIONS - - PDF document

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See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281446613 IWEC 2014 Presentation Conference Paper September 2014 CITATIONS READS 0 40 4 authors , including: David Fernndez de

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See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281446613

IWEC 2014 Presentation

Conference Paper · September 2014

CITATIONS READS

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4 authors, including: Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: 1st Symposium on Marine Corrosion: Industry and Scientific Challenges in Marine Corrosion View project HARSH LAB View project David Fernández de Rucoba

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DEGRADATION AND CORROSION TESTING OF MATERIALS AND COATING SYSTEMS FOR OFFSHORE WIND TURBINE SUBSTRUCTURES IN NORTH SEA WATERS

  • D. FERNÁNDEZ, R. RODRÍGUEZ, A. RODRÍGUEZ AND
  • A. YEDRA

1

Confidential information from CTC. Reproduction, copying, use, distribution, commercialization, public communication or any other activity that may be done with the content of this document is prohibited without written permission.

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SLIDE 3

Fundación Centro Tecnológico de Componentes (CTC)

The Technological Centre of Components Foundation (CTC) was created in the year 2000 as a non-profit foundation. It is recognized as a Technology Center by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. Within the various fields of knowledge, the CTC is positioned in Experimental Sciences and

  • Engineering. CTC develops its R. & D. activity in the following fields: Industrial Systems and

Nuclear Components, Marine Renewable Energies, Industrial Automation and Robotics and Advanced Materials and Nanomaterials. CTC has an Office located in Santander, North of Spain. Our headquarters are located in: Scientific and Technological Park of Cantabria (PCTCAN).

2

Confidential information from CTC. Reproduction, copying, use, distribution, commercialization, public communication or any other activity that may be done with the content of this document is prohibited without written permission.

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SLIDE 4
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Experimental
  • 3. Results
  • 4. Conclusions
  • 5. Future work and Acknowledgements
  • 0. Index

3

Confidential information from CTC. Reproduction, copying, use, distribution, commercialization, public communication or any other activity that may be done with the content of this document is prohibited without written permission.

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SLIDE 5
  • 1. Introduction

4

Surface damage in OWT due to:

  • Corrosion
  • Polymer degradation
  • Wear
  • Marine biofouling

Protection techniques for OWT studied:

  • Coatings (antifouling and protective)
  • Corrosion resistant materials
  • Free corrosion
  • Improvement by addition of nanofillers

Image source: R.E. Sheppard et al., "Inspection Guidance for Offshore Wind Turbine Facilities" OTC 20656, 2010 and Intern. Zinc Association (http://www.zinc.org/info/corrosion_protection_for_off_shore_wind_energy_applications). Confidential information from CTC. Reproduction, copying, use, distribution, commercialization, public communication or any other activity that may be done with the content of this document is prohibited without written permission.

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SLIDE 6
  • 1. Introduction

5

Scope of the study presented herein:

  • Mechanical properties of composites environmentally affected
  • Wire-on-bolt characterization of exposure sites
  • Visual appearance of materials and coatings after exposure (marine biofouling...)

Corrosive severity of the exposure sites with Wire-on-bolt (CLIMAT) specimens (literature- Roberge P.R.) using MCI, Marine Corrosion Index:

MCI Range Classification Significance 0-2 Negligible Average Habitable Area 2-5 Moderate Seaside 5-10 Moderately Severe Seaside and Exposed 10-20 Severe Very Exposed >20 Very Severe Very Exposed, Wind and Sand Swept

Confidential information from CTC. Reproduction, copying, use, distribution, commercialization, public communication or any other activity that may be done with the content of this document is prohibited without written permission.

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SLIDE 7
  • 1. Introduction

CoMaRE

6

  • Wire-on-bolt coupons
  • Mooring systems: chains, ropes…
  • Standards coupons with and without coatings.
  • Coupons of pre-preg composite used in blades.
  • Coupons for accelerated tests.

Exposure sites: Fraunhofer IWES (Marine) CTC (Atmospheric)

Project Web pages: http://ctcomponentes.es/en/comare-2/#/[10]50/1/0 http://www.fp7-marinet.eu/access-menu-post-access-reports_comarephase1.html http://www.fp7-marinet.eu/access_completed-projects_CoMaRE_phaseII.html

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SLIDE 8
  • 2. Experimental

Specimens

7

Note: Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) were dispersed in the composite matrix using three roll mill technique.

GFR UPS with 0,1 % MWCNT GFR UPS without MWCNT S355 J2+N Bare Steel Fibre rope pieces with steel core wire galvanized Wire-on-bolt: Al-Cu, Al-Fe, Al-PVC, Al (spiral). Mooring chain slide R3S with TSA + topcoat Mooring chain slide R3S Pre-preg epoxy composite

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SLIDE 9
  • 2. Experimental

Environmental tests

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For the environmental tests, different exposure times were selected for each coupon:

1.UPS composite coupons: 8,5 months → atmospheric, splash, tidal and submerged. 2.Pre-preg epoxy composite coupons: 12 months (still ongoing) → atmospheric, splash and tidal. 3.Bare steel: 15 months (still ongoing). → splash, tidal and submerged. 4.Mooring chain slide coupons: 6, 12, 18 and 24 months (still ongoing). → splash, tidal and submerged. 5.Fibre rope coupons: 12 and 24 months. (still ongoing) → splash and tidal. 6.Wire-on-bolt specimens: ASTM G116 standardized, 3 months. Type Coating Environment Splash Tidal Submerged Atmosph. Lab GFR UPS

  • 3

3 3 3 6 GFR UPS with MWCNT

  • 3

3 3 3 6 Pre-Preg GFR Epoxy

  • 3

3

  • 3
  • Bare Steel
  • 3

3 3

  • R3S chain slide
  • 8

8 8

  • R3S chain slide

TSA+topcoat 8 8 8

  • Fibre ropes

Zn Galvanized 12 12

  • Wire-on-bolt
  • 1
  • 1
  • Total project: 170 test coupons.

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SLIDE 10
  • 3. Results

Composites

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The results of tensile tests and weight analysis of GFRP (with and without MWCNT) :

  • Weight gain in marine vs. weight loss in atmospheric
  • ↑ mechanical properties retention after exposure for the same sample

additivated with MWCNT.

  • ↑GFC indicates ↑max. Tensile stress
  • 0,45%
  • 0,30%
  • 0,15%

0,00% 0,15% 0,30% 0,45% 0,60% 0,75% without MWCNT with MWCNT Net weight variation[%] Splash a Tidal a Submerged a Atmospheric b

Before After

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SLIDE 11
  • 3. Results

Composites

10

without MWCNT with MWCNT Splash a 99,76% 103,68% Tidal a 98,36% 100,77% Submerged a 92,34% 99,76% Atmospheric b 88,38% 93,54% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120%

Properties retention in max. tensile stress [%] a)

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SLIDE 12
  • 3. Results

Wire-on-bolt and visual appearance

11

Specimens Al/Cu Al/Fe Al/PVC Al/Spiral MCI Classification S1 Helgoland 33,27 % 29,42 % 0,58 % 0,29 % 29 Very severe S2 Santander 2,83 % 3,10 % 0,05 % 0,14 % 3 Moderate

Submerged Splash Splash Splash Tidal Tidal

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SLIDE 13
  • 4. Conclusions

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  • 1. Composite GFR unsaturated polyester showed ↓ reduction in the maximum tensile

stress with MWCNT in each sample. ↑ losses of strength were observed in submerged environment.

  • 2. Corrosivity Indexes (MCI and ACI) have been assessed with wire-on-bolt specimens

and good agreement with theoretical values of each location.

  • 3. Composite coupons in tidal and submerged conditions were colonized by marine
  • biofouling. ↓ biofouling has grown over metallic coupons, probably due to the

detachment of rust outer layers, which ↓ steel thickness. Galvanized steel wire core

  • f fibre ropes was corroded, and these coupons showed biofouling (incl. green algae,

barnacles…) in tidal zone.

  • 4. TSA coating provided an effective corrosion protection to the mooring slide chain

samples, but in tidal and submerged zones was clearly damaged (especially the topcoat) by foulants, generating a rough surface finish.

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SLIDE 14
  • 5. Future work and Acknowledgements

13

Coming up in CoMaRE project during phases 3 and 4:

  • Novel AF Coating systems additivated with nanofillers. Results

compared with AF Coatings without nanofillers. Surface effects.

  • New Corrosion Test Site “ El Bocal ” in the Northern coast of Spain.
  • Laboratory accelerated tests for comparison with field results.
  • Further results from exposed coupons

The project CoMaRE, incl. the offshore tests at IWES Fraunhofer facility leading to these results, has received support from MARINET, a European Community - Research Infrastructure Action under the FP7 “Capacities” Specific Programme. The authors would like to acknowledge H. Schnars and M. Hörnig (IWES Fraunhofer) for their help and support in the marine exposure and are also grateful to Laura Soriano for her work and support in CTC’s laboratory and exposure tests.

SANTANDER

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SLIDE 15

Título de la diapositiva Subtítulo de la diapositiva

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