IT Prof Liz Bacon BCS Past President (The Chartered Institute for - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Attracting and Retaining Women in IT Prof Liz Bacon BCS Past President (The Chartered Institute for IT) Past Chair CPHC (Council of Professors and Heads of Computing) Deputy Pro Vice-Chancellor, University of Greenwich, e.bacon@gre.ac.uk
Prof Liz Bacon
BCS Past President (The Chartered Institute for IT) Past Chair CPHC (Council of Professors and Heads of Computing) Deputy Pro Vice-Chancellor, University of Greenwich, e.bacon@gre.ac.uk
–Statistics –What puts women off –Why it matters –Solutions –Case study – change in school curriculum –Developing women leaders
– “Females consistently achieve higher grades than males in IT-related subjects” – “They fill just 16% of IT & Telecoms professional occupations” – a slight decline! – Only 11% of information security professionals are women (ISC)2 – Across all subjects in Higher Education in 2013, females accounted for 57% of UK domiciled applicants and 55% of acceptances. – Across STEM subjects, applicants = 34%, acceptances = 35% – Computer Sciences applicants = 12%, acceptances = 13% – Engineering applicants = 11%, acceptances = 12% – Gender imbalance in both the IT industry and in IT occupations is an issue to all EU15 nations – Female representation in these industries/occupations is lower in the UK than the EU 15 average – 16% pay gap (£120 / week less)
UK Statistics
e-Skills UK 2014 (2013 data)
–In the mid-1980s, 37% of computer science majors were women; in 2012, it was 18% –57% of bachelor's degrees earned by women, 12% of computer science degrees were awarded to females
(TechRepublic - Lyndsey Gilpin 2014)
programmers and system analyst/designers in Singapore were female, and the majority of graduates from computer courses were female (Galpin)
careers, preference for computing vs engineering, gender-neutral exposure, assistance with domestic responsibilities (Uden)
in Africa and Far East where women dominate in IT)
5 Leaky Pipeline
7Early years <11 11-16 16-18 University Workforce A fall in numbers at every stage of education and employment! UK - Girls take 51% of all GCSEs (age 16) and 44% of IT GCSEs – but only 6.5% of computer A-levels (age 18)
2008 data, RSE Report: Tapping all
get back in and if do, often not technical roles
Attracting Women into Computing (UK – not alone….)
Nerd / Geek – what do they look like?
What is a Nerd?
(wikipedia)
and have a keen attention to detail.”
increased as a result of their efforts
11 women will bring other women!
household – senior women more likely to have partner with primary responsibility (NetworkWorld 2010).
(McKinsey 2012)
Women who climb the ladder and pull it up after them.
Recruitment
men
flexible hours but lower pay and choose careers that tend to have lower pay
asked for 7K less for themselves, if for friend / colleague, no difference!
Pay – all fields
Common Reactions:
they don’t want to do?
There is no male push in nursing or teaching.
(Women in western countries use the internet 17% more than their male counterparts - Intel)
Why does it matter?
significantly once a certain critical mass is attained: namely, at least three women on management committees for an average membership of 10 people. Below this threshold, no significant difference is
women need to understand and influence their future.
It does matter!
16
Demand: ICT Workforce Development in Europe 2012 – 2015 - 2020
Source: Gareis, K., Hüsing, T., Bludova, I., Schulz, C., Birov, S., Korte, W.B.: e-Skills: Monitoring and Benchmarking Policies and Partnerships in Europe (Final Report for the European Commission, January 2014)
1744.2% 15.9%
9.3% 15.5% 10.1%
3.2% 8.5% 3.7%
1.8%
Management, business architecture and analysis ICT practioners - professional level ICT practitioners - associate/ technician level Total
compared to 2011 2020 2015 2012 Long term trend in IT market is growth in jobs and high youth unemployment in Europe
for 2015 - UK (25%) + Germany (24%)
(27%) + Germany (17%)
up to twice as many new workers (growth plus replacement) as ICT/CS graduates available
significant effect on some countries
add 220 million people to the workforce, creating a continent wide labour force of more than 500 million” (Brent Wilton - International Organisation
is often understated, and is likely to change. (European Commission e-skills report 2014)
19
Offshored: coding, software testing and ICT support.
with the changes in business practices and technology that are defining what kind of jobs will be created and where they will be created” (McKinsey).
Lack of available entry–level education or roles
Verizon report – 92% of 100,000 incidents analysed over 10 years can be described by 9 basic patterns On average, top 3 patterns cover 72% of incidents
21
who are both business and ICT savvy.
use ICT to creatively exploit digital opportunities for business innovation and stakeholder value
conducting business
– Leadership – Business – IT – Entrepreneur – Imagination
Skills needs of the future
2213.1% 86.9%
0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0% 100.0%
Unemployed Employed
Average World Unemployment 2013
Unemployed Employed
2013: 201.8 million unemployed 2014 another 4.2 million unemployed
Most countries: labour shortage by 2030
understanding of IT careers
likely to have a partner with primary responsibility for the household/children (NetworkWorld):
– Flexible working hours – Flexible working location – Support for childcare services – Job sharing – Training for return to work
Solutions?
‘For the first time since the school has been keeping records, there were more women than men (106 to 104) enrolled into an introductory computer science course for the spring 2014 semester at University of California Berkeley. The class changed the name from: "Introduction to Symbolic Programming" to "Beauty and the Joy of Computing" and female enrollment increased by 50%’ Great? Patronising? Accessible? Is flowery language insulting? Is the change of perspective helpful? Does it put males off?
USA
Explosion of Initiatives
youth to become world-class computer coders.
companies including Apple, Amazon, Facebook and Google. Code.org looks to bring coding into the classroom and make it part of the curriculum in the USA
country into coding
coding an app
Computing education for all children?
1.
Computing is good for children educationally - it gives them intellectual skills that will help them succeed in life (logical thinking, ability to structure unstructured problems etc.)
2.
Computing is good for the future IT workforce: a) Digital technology changes ever more rapidly and particular technology skills date just as rapidly b) Computing is disruptive – providing new ways to do business so wide understanding in population is required
3.
Computing is good for research in fundamental science; Computational modelling is crucial for advances in science
27 Computer science skills are crucial to advances across all science
“Computer models mirroring real life have become crucial for most advances made in chemistry today”
Computing is “transforming both how science is done and what science is done” All science, engineering, mathematics and technology graduates need to be good at computing to be at the forefront of science and engineering.
http://www.kva.se/en/pressroom/Press-releases-2013/The-Nobel-Prize-in-Chemistry-2013/ Royal Society Report: Science as an open enterprise, The Royal Society Science Policy Centre report 02/12, ISBN: 978-0-85403-962-3
28 Computing At School: What was the problem?
BCS Academy of Computing 30Computer Science Discipline
ICT User Skills
Not a school subject Compulsory school subject
– Bill Rammell - Minister of State for Higher Education – 2008 – David Lammy - Minister for Higher Education – 2010 – David Willetts – Minister of State for Universities and Science - 2011
DfE intend to withdraw ICT as a distinct subject
31 ‘Next Gen.’ Livingstone Hope
Review Feb 2011
Called for by Ed Vaizey, Minister for Creative industries Recommendations:
the National Curriculum as an essential discipline.
Science in the English Baccalaureate.
32 Google Chairman Eric Schmidt August 2011 “I was flabbergasted to learn that today Computer Science isn't even taught as standard in UK schools” “Your IT curriculum focuses on teaching how to use software, but gives no insight into how it's made”.
33 What do our political leaders think?
"I think Eric Schmidt is right... we're not doing enough to teach the next generation of programmers. One of the things you hear from the businesses here in Tech City is “I don’t just want people who are literate in technology, I want people who want to create programs”, and I think that’s a real wake up call for us in terms of our education system."
November 2011
Royal Society Report ‘Computing in Schools Shut down
needs to be recognised as such in schools
with, other disciplines such as mathematics, physics, chemistry, geography or history.
range of subjects, and has concepts and ways of working that do not change quickly over time, including programming, algorithms and data structures.
35http://royalsociety.org/education/policy/computing-in-schools/report/
Computer Science in Schools: the Dept. for Education view
January 2012 Michael Gove (Secretary of State for Education) announced in his speech at BETT (Education conference) :
challenging subject”
long after the technologies they used at school are obsolete – the principles learnt in Computer Science will still hold true”
standards of intellectual depth and practical value, we will certainly consider including Computer Science as an option in the English Baccalaureate”
36http://www.education.gov.uk/inthenews/speeches/a00201868/michael-gove-speech-at-the-bett-show-2012
What do our political leaders think?
"Britain has a proud history of invention and industrial creativity, and we want to make sure this continues. That is why we have launched an overhaul of the way that computing is taught in schools, marking a move away from simply teaching young people how to use technology, and instead equipping them with the skills to write software and design apps."
2012
August 2012: DfE ask BCS, the Chartered Institute for IT, and Royal Academy of Engineering (RAEng) to develop new statutory Computing curriculum
https://media.education.gov.uk/assets/files/pdf/n/national%20curriculum%20consultation%20-%20framework%20document.pdf
September 2012:
allocation of ICT only teacher training places
Science teacher training places, which can also include ICT
knowledge requirements based on CAS curriculum
curriculum
as the fourth science in EBacc school performance measure
Schools 89 universities
BCS, CAS and Network of Excellence
members,140 regional Hubs and 2,500 online resources for schools, working with 89 universities, as of January 2015
Computer Science
who will train others 40 other schoolteachers in local area = 16,000 schoolteachers each year
maintenance
Scotland
42 grant from DfE and run in partnership with BT, has run over 900 workshops in primary schools, which exemplify how computing supports learning in maths, English and science.
DfE, has provided 40,000 free CPD toolkits to schools across the country.
teachers in 2014, with a total cash value of £2.4m, funded by the DfE. The scheme is supported by Microsoft, BT, Google, IBM, HP, Toshiba, MetaSwitch Networks, Ocado, Morgan Stanley, Goldman Sachs, RBS, GE, and Citrix.
UK government delegation to South Korea in November 2014.
Developing Women Leaders
schools, universities and companies whose members work collaboratively on projects that empower the less privileged female members of society. IWA Club members develop the skills necessary to take their places as leaders of business, government and community.”
Hong Kong, India, Jersey , Kenya, Nigeria, Pakistan, Tanzania, Uganda, USA, UK.
for girls in Shanghai”
set-up their new computer room
Women in IT - STELLAR STEM Women’s Senior Network
Launched at Presidential Lecture and Dinner 21st Jan STELLAR
bcs.org/stellar 14/20 Women in network 21st Jan (now 26 women – retention is focus)
association 2014
22% in 2014!
characteristics of games that appeal to women
46 47