IPv6: Where are we in 2017? Based on Internet Society 2017 report - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

IPv6: Where are we in 2017?

Based on Internet Society 2017 report https://www.internetsociety.org/doc/state-ipv6-deployment-2017 June 6, 2017

History of IPv6

• 1990: IETF realized that IPv4 address

space would run out

• Took steps to alleviate that
• 1993, IETF requested proposals for

“next generation” protocol

• IPv6 proposed in 1994
• Standardized in 1998
• Supporting work in DHCP, DNS, routing

protocols, etc

• Implementation in various operating

systems; Windows late

• Uptake of prefixes started 2007
• ICANN policy for prefix allocation 2006
• Tokyo University report on reality of IPv4

exhaustion predictions

https://www.oecd.org/sti/ieconomy/44961688.pdf

Exhaustion timeframes

• All RIRs have now entered their

respective end phases

• Lots of IPv6 prefixes to allocate
• IPv4 only for new entrants, and

then in small quantities

https://ipv4.potaroo.net/plotend.png

What does that mean for a new entrant? Reliance JIO, launched September 2016

• Indian ISP, trying to reach all of India.
• Wireline and mobile wireless
• Second largest country in the world
• About 20% of human beings world wide
• First allocation followed APNIC

exhaustion event

• 1024 IPv4 addresses (/22) allocated
• Additional space purchased in IPv4 address

market

• Minimum IPv6 allocation to a service

provider is a /32: as many /64 prefixes as there are addresses in the IPv4 address space

• Allocated 34B addresses (IPv6 /29) plus
• ther allocations

https://blog.apnic.net/2017/02/07/reliance-jio-boosts-india-past-20-ipv6-capability/

• “Currently, almost 90% of our LTE 4G

subscribers are using IPv6 – accounting for almost 70% of the country’s IPv6 traffic – which in itself has equated to a rapid rise in India’s total IPv6 capabilities, increasing from 1% to 16% in 2016 (and passing 20% in the new year).”

Growth in IPv6 in BGP

• RIPE documents the growth on

IPv6 announcements

• Status:
• All regions see growth
• LACNIC region currently has about

37% of AS’s announcing IPv6 prefixes

http://v6asns.ripe.net/v/6?s=_RIR_ARIN;s=_RIR_AfriNIC;s=_RIR_LACNIC;s=_RIR_APNIC;s=_RIR_RIPE_NCC

Traffic Growth Worldwide

• This graphic as seen by Google
• 37 countries have >5% traffic using

IPv6 as of April 2017

• Belgium an interesting case
• Regulatory requirement to not use NAT
• map address to a subscriber
• Operational decision to deploy IPv6 to

residential networks

• Belgium currently leads IPv6 traffic as

seen by Google, Akamai, and APNIC

https://www.vyncke.org/ipv6status/compare.php?metric=p& countries=be,us,gr,de,ch,lu,in,gb,ca,ee,ec,br,no,jp,tt,pt,fi,fr,my,pe,cz,au,nl,nz,ie,ro,zw,hu,si,gt,pr,kr,sa,vn,at,bo,pl

A world without NATs?

• Network Address Translation

(NAT) was created to multiplex IPv4 address use

• But was sold as a security solution
• Better addressed with firewalls
• Affects location-based services
• Especially if implemented in the

ISP

• Not generally used with IPv6
• No requirement to multiplex

addresses

https://natmeter.labs.lacnic.net/charts/

IPv6 Traffic Growth in Latin America

Google report on LACNIC region (search engine requests) Akamai report on LACNIC Region (TCP sessions moving data)

https://www.vyncke.org/ipv6status/compare.php?metric=p&countries=ec,br,tt,pe,gt,bo

IPv4 Address Market – IPv4 BGP growth and market value stabilizing

http://ipv4marketgroup.com/q42016-update/

IPv4 Address Market: What suggestions from the IPv4 Market Group?

• “It would seem that some sort of price

maximization for IPv4 should occur between [2016-08] and January of 2019. We have seen prices rise from $5/IP to $9 to $10 per IP for a /16 over the past 18 months.”

• “As a potential seller, it would seem that you

would want to sell into this demand and wait no longer than 28 months to sell.”

• MIT has done just that: sold a /9 to Amazon

to fund IPv6 deployment

• http://www.networkworld.com/article/3191503

/internet/mit-selling-8-million-coveted-ipv4- addresses-amazon-a-buyer.html

• https://gist.github.com/simonster/e22e50cd52b

7dffcf5a4db2b8ea4cce0

http://ipv4marketgroup.com/q42016-update/

Markets

Internet of Things (IoT)

• Systems not necessarily serving a

human being

• Often sensors, actuators, cameras
• Like?
• Doorbells
• Home surveillance
• Thermostats
• Smart Grid
• Home Health Care

Bluetooth Low Energy 4.2 or 5.0

Contained enclave

• Use Bluetooth for communication
• No external communication
• Application on Link layer…

Enclave communicating with upstream service

• Connect to an IP-capable gateway
• Enable software download
• Translate IP <-> Bluetooth

Ethernet/WiFi

• r Bluetooth 5.0

Contained enclave

• Industrial Automation, IEC 61850
• Ethernet or WiFi
• Others: Use IPv4 or IPv6 for communication
• No external communication
• Endpoint Security via encryption and/or mutual

authentication

Enclave communicating with upstream service

• Router, firewall, or gateway
• Enable software download
• External Service
• Security?
• Upstream service could use MQTT/MQTT-S

http://www3.nd.edu/~hfergus2/p/wireless.pdf

ZigBee Secure Energy Profile 2.0 OpenThreads

Enclave communicating with upstream service

• Defined gateway (UDP/IPv6 <-> 6LowPAN)
• Security managed by architecture
• 6LowPAN within 802.15.4 network
• COaP Management

https://docs.mbed.com/docs/arm-ipv66lowpan-stack/en/latest/thread_overview/

Open Connectivity Foundation Tenants

IPV6 CBOR CoAP Core architecture resources

Current architecture (OIC 1.1):

• hierarchy of resources
• Resources are defined by Restfull API Modelling Language (RAML)
• Payloads defined in JSON (Draft-04 schema)
• Communication via IPV6 and CoAP, payload on the wire converted in CBOR
• All data connections are secure

Application level resources

https://workspace.openconnectivity.org/apps/org/workgroup/technology_sc_open/ download.php/8950/Technology-Discussion-v3.pptx

The laggard: Enterprise Networks

• Per Hurricane Electric
• 1/8 of Alexa-Top-Million names are

IPv6-reachable

• 28,000 of those are only reachable

using IPv6

• 23% of AS’s advertise IPv6 prefixes
• 325 AS’s are IPv6-only
• That leaves 77% of AS’s IPv4-only
• In most cases, enterprise
• Usually looking for
• Additional revenue, or
• “Killer Application”

What is the future?

• IPv4 addresses are a speculative

asset

• In other words, they are worth

something if sold, but only for a limited period of time

• We already see services that

allocate IPv6 for free and charge for IPv4

• And dare people to think differently

https://www.mythic-beasts.com/

• “But for us, moving to IPv6-only as soon as possible solves our

problems with IPv4 depletion and address oversubscription. But it also moves us to a simpler world of network operations where we can concentrate on innovation and providing network services, instead of wasting energy battling with such a fundamental resource as addressing.”

IPv6-only at Microsoft

https://blog.apnic.net/2017/01/19/ipv6-only-at-microsoft/

ISP, Content, and Residential?

• Can I count IPv6 accesses to

content?

• Implication: I have an IPv6-capable

application on an IPv6-capable device on an IPv6-capable network connecting across multiple ISPs to IPv6-accessible content

• Statistics like these tell an end to

end story

https://stats.labs.apnic.net/ipv6/

And then there’s mobile wireless

• If there is one network in which

IPv6 is dominant, it is 4G/LTE

• Verizon Wireless: 84%
• T-Mobile USA: 81%
• Reliance Jio: 90% of subscribers,

80% of traffic

• AT&T: 54%
• And so on…

http://www.worldipv6launch.org/measurements/

So…

• In the report, we walked through IPv6 deployment and market

impact.

• Looking for a logistic curve, and the hockey stick “up and to the right”
• The new news is:
• It looks like we have one –
• The reason IPv4 prices are expected to fall in 2019 is because
• Supply will be more constrained (less addresses, smaller blocks)
• Demand will fall as IPv6 deployment passes 50%

A word to the wise

• If you want to sell IPv4 addresses into the current market,
• You need to have moved your network and applications to IPv6
• Moving to IPv6-dominant data centers
• Will you pay for IPv4 if IPv6 works for free?
• IPv6 deployment is not trivial
• Do your equipment and applications support it?
• If not, what is your budget timeframe?
• Have you tested it? Is it operational?
• Only then can you sell your IPv4 address space…
• Which could have enough value to partially fund the deployment

Yo hablo geek