IoT Network Research at LIG Drakkar Team Andrzej Duda LIG - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

IoT Network Research at LIG 
 Drakkar Team Andrzej Duda LIG Grenoble-INP - Ensimag

Overview • Drakkar Team • IoT - comparison of energy consumption in IoT networks • Issues in capillary IoT Example TI MCU networks - routing 20 • Issues in cellular IoT networks 15 - access methods Current (mA) 10 • Security 5 • Reproducibility - WalT platform ~µA 0 TX/RX MCU Sensors Sleep 2

Drakkar Team 3

Drakkar Team • Head • Andrzej Duda, PR Grenoble INP • Permanent staff • Olivier Alphand, MC Grenoble INP • Etienne Dublé, IR CNRS • Martin Heusse, PR Grenoble INP • Franck Rousseau, MC Grenoble INP "That is about as fun as herding cats" • Pascal Sicard, MC UGA • Bernard Tourancheau, PR UGA • 14 PhD students 4

Main domains • Wireless networks • WLANs 802.11, advanced MAC • IoT - Sensor & actuator networks • all-IP , LPWAN WLAN Cellular • MAC, routing, data-centric Wi-Fi/ 3G/UMTS Mb/s IEEE 802.11 4G/LTE • Security, traffic analysis Data rate Long • anomaly detection, DNS cybersecurity WSN Range ZigBee/15.4 kb/s SigFox/Lora • security of IoT Bluetooth 5G-MTC 10 m 100 m 1 km 10 km Communication range 5

Main results • 802.11 Performance Anomaly • INFOCOM 2003 • Idle Sense, an optimal 802.11 access method • ACM SIGCOMM 2005 • Recent INFOCOM papers • Wake-on-Idle • Detecting applications in encrypted flows • IEEE TMC, ACM CCR • TPC • Infocom 6

IoT - comparison of energy consumption in IoT networks 7

Capillary vs. Cellular Short range capillary network Gateway Internet IP mesh Industrial IoT, e.g. 802.15.4 TSCH Long range one-hop network Internet Base Station Proprietary Protocols e.g. LoRa, SIGFOX 8

Energy consumption in 802.15.4 Tx Rx Idle Sleep Backoff (0) Backoff (0) Backoff (0) S/L S/L S S/L S Beacon Beacon I I CCA CCA I CCA I I DATA DATA DATA ACK ACK F F F F F DATA S S S S Inactive Period S CAP Example TI MCU SuperFrame Duration (t on ) 20 Beacon Interval (t ) CI 15 Current (mA) • Energy consumption 10 X E ( t ) = P S × t S , S ∈ { T x , Rx , Idle , Sleep } 5 ~µA S 0 9 TX/RX MCU Sensors Sleep

Lifetime, 1 pkt per day 1% DC curves are dashed, 0.1% DC are full BLE/15.4 BLE 4.2 (1 Mb/s) 802.11 PSM (11 Mb/s) LoRa EU Min (250 b/s) 802.15.4 (250 kb/s) ah: MCS10,1Mhz (150 kb/s) LoRa EU Max (11 kb/s) LoRA TSCH (250 kb/s) ah: MCS8,2Mhz (7.8 Mb/s) SIGFOX EU Min (100 b/s) SIGFOX 6-State Model TSCH (250 kb/s) ah: MCS9,16Mhz (78 Mb/s) SIGFOX EU Max (1000 b/s) Application Throughput r a (bps) 802.11ah 0.000926 0.009259 0.092593 0.925926 35 30 Lifetime in years 25 20 15 10 5 0 10 100 1000 10000 s a (bytes) • Snow level metering (50B/day) 10

Lifetime, 1 pkt per 1s 1% DC curves are dashed, 0.1% DC are full BLE 4.2 (1 Mb/s) 802.11 PSM (11 Mb/s) LoRa EU Min (250 b/s) 802.15.4 (250 kb/s) ah: MCS10,1Mhz (150 kb/s) LoRa EU Max (11 kb/s) TSCH (250 kb/s) ah: MCS8,2Mhz (7.8 Mb/s) SIGFOX EU Min (100 b/s) 15.4e TSCH 6-State Model TSCH (250 kb/s) ah: MCS9,16Mhz (78 Mb/s) SIGFOX EU Max (1000 b/s) BLE 802.11 Application Throughput r a (kbps) PSM 0.08 0.80 8 80 100 802.11ah Lifetime in years (logscale) 10 1 0 . 1 0 . 01 10 100 1000 10000 • Heart rate monitor (50B/s) s a (bytes) 11

Issues in cellular IoT networks - routing 12

Issues in Capillary Short range capillary network Gateway Internet IP mesh • Needs a routing layer for IP mesh • RPL (Routing Protocol for Low power and Lossy Networks) • IETF standard • LRP (Lightweight Routing Protocol) - enhanced RPL 13

LRP in a word 
 Local Repair 14

RPL 
 Protocol Background Traffic RPL — 1 sink, 40 nodes 15

LRP 
 Protocol Background Traffic LRP — 1 sink, 40 nodes 16

Issues in cellular IoT networks - access methods 17

Issues in Cellular Long range one-hop network Internet Base Station Proprietary Protocol e.g. LoRa • Needs a scalable access method • LoRa, SIGFOX - no access method (ALOHA), limited tra ffi c (e.g. 1 pkt. per day) • 5G MTC - what access method? • need for scalable access 18

NS-3 module for LoRa Simulation, packet loss Simulation, collision ratio Measured packet loss [8] Measured collision ratio [8] 1.0 Packet loss/collision ratio 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Number of Nodes • Take into account capture effect - lower loss rate than in ALOHA 19

NS-3 module for LoRa LoRaWAN CSMA CSMA-10 1.0 0.8 Packet Delivery Ratio 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 Number of Nodes • CSMA results in better packet delivery ratio • Takes away duty cycle restrictions of ISM 868 band 20

5G MTC • Need to find a suitable MAC • fits 5G architecture • light signaling • low energy • massively scalable 21

IoT Security 22

IoT Object Security 23

IoT Object Security Token generation for client 3 1 Resource Owner publishes smart contract Authorization Blockchain Resource Owner c e x t e c a t s r t e n u o q c e t R r a m 2 s Verify if client’s 5 token exist in blockchain Request keys 4 Proxy Receive keys server 6 Fetch data 7 Clients Key Servers Resource Servers 24

Reproducibility - WalT platform 25

Reproducibility • Validating new protocols for wireless networks is a challenging task • simulations far from realistic conditions • Perform real-world experiments! • Reproducibility - when an experiment can be reproduced under different conditions, while providing sufficiently similar results • reproduce experiments, build upon, and compare their results with the previous work "I could not imagine much progress by reading only, without experimental facts and trials", M. Faraday 26

WalT - reproducible platform to run reproducible experiments • http://walt.forge.imag.fr 27

Use WalT to monitor Sensor Network • 20 nodes deployed in LIG • Used for various demos (in a backpack) 28

Conclusions • Cellular vs. Capillary IoT • several technologies available optimized for specific use cases • 5G MTC • a lot of current research • massively scalable MAC • low-latency MAC • Importance of experimentation • reproducibility • http://walt.forge.imag.fr A conclusion is the place where you got tired of thinking. 29