NATIONAL CENTRAL COOLING COMPANY (PJSC)
Investor Presentation
September 2017
National Central Cooling Co.
(DFM:TABREED)
Investor Presentation September 2017 NATIONAL CENTRAL COOLING - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
National Central Cooling Co. (DFM:TABREED) Investor Presentation September 2017 NATIONAL CENTRAL COOLING COMPANY (PJSC) 2 Tabreed September 2017 Investor Presentation Disclaimer The merits or suitability of any securities to any
NATIONAL CENTRAL COOLING COMPANY (PJSC)
(DFM:TABREED)
Tabreed – September 2017 Investor Presentation 2
National Central Cooling Company PJSC, ‘Tabreed’ (the “Company”). These materials have been prepared solely for your information and for use at the call/presentation. By attending the meeting/call where this presentation is made, or by reading the presentation slides, you agree to be bound by the following limitations
passed on to any other person or published or reproduced, in whole or in part, by any medium or in any form for any purpose. The distribution of these materials in other jurisdictions may be restricted by law, and persons into whose possession this presentation comes should inform themselves about, and observe, any such restrictions
prospectus,
memorandum
circular
the basis for any credit or any third party evaluation of any securities or any
them and should not be considered as a recommendation that any investor should subscribe for or purchase any
Company, its advisers
any
person and is subject to change without notice and past performance is not indicative of future results. The Company is under no obligation to update or keep current the information contained herein
Company or any other person in relation to the accuracy or completeness of the information contained herein. Whilst the Company has taken all reasonable steps to ensure the accuracy of all information, the Company cannot accept liability for any inaccuracies or omissions. All the information is provided on an “as is” basis and without warranties, representations or conditions of any kind, either express or implied, and as such warranties, representation and conditions are hereby excluded to the maximum extent permitted by law
be independently determined by such investor. Any such determination should involve inter alia, an assessment of the legal, tax, accounting, regulatory, financial, credit and other related aspects of any securities
contained in and not consistent with these materials and, if given or made, such information or representation must not be relied upon as having been authorized by
person or entity in any jurisdiction or country where such distribution or use would be contrary to local law or regulation. The securities discussed in this presentation have not been and will not be registered under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act) and may not be
sold except under an exemption from, or transaction not subject to, the registration requirements of the Securities Act. In particular, these materials are not intended for publication or distribution, except to certain persons in offshore transactions outside the United States in reliance on Regulation S under the Securities Act
and its subsidiaries. Such performance may not be representative of the entire performance of the Company and its subsidiaries. Past performance is neither a guide to future returns nor to the future performance of the Company and its subsidiaries
By their nature, forward- looking statements involve risks and uncertainties because they relate to events and depend on circumstances that may or may not occur in the
implied by, the following forward looking statements, possibly to a material degree. Any investment in securities is subject to various risks, such risks should be carefully considered by prospective investors before they make any investment decisions. The directors disclaim any obligation to update their view of such risks and uncertainties
made herein, except where it would be required to do so under applicable law
A | Overview of Tabreed B | Business overview D | Board of Directors and Senior Management C | Financial Performance E | Capital Structure F | Conclusion
Tabreed – September 2017 Investor Presentation 4
Tabreed is ..
We aim to be the partner of choice for Governments and Corporations across GCC in providing environmentally friendly cooling solutions
EFFICIE CIENT AN AND ENVIR VIRONMENT FRI RIENDLY Y OPERA RATIO IONS
We harness the most efficient technology and utilize
efficient cooling solutions that are environmentally friendly
SUSTAIN INABLE LE LONG-TERM SHAR HAREHOLD LDER RETU RETURNS
We generate sustainable long-term returns for our stakeholders on the back of the utility infrastructure business model
RE REGIONAL L LE LEAD ADER
As the region's preferred provider of cooling solutions, we focus on our customers' needs and deliver comfort, value and service to all the communities we serve
Tabreed – September 2017 Investor Presentation 5
Overall cooling represents 70% of peak energy consumption…
District Cooling (DC) is 50% more energy efficient than Conventional Cooling (CC)…
DC has ~16% lower life cycle cost than CC
KWh/RTh Other District Cooling Conventional Cooling Industry Variable Capex Charged Monthly Paid Upfront
13% 63% 7% 17%
70%
District Cooling leads to substantial energy, economic and environmental benefits
District cooling Conventional cooling
49 45 51 39
Conventional cooling District cooling
A cooling plant supplies chilled water via an underground piping network to more than one building in a service area (or district) What is District Cooling
HEAT EXCHANGER
Tabreed – September 2017 Investor Presentation 6
Environmentally responsible operations reducing green house gas emissions
annual reduction in energy consumption in the GCC through Tabreed’s DC services in 2016 Enough energy to power
Serving iconic projects across the region
48,000
homes in the UAE every year
1.4 billion kWh
713,000 tons
annual elimination of CO2 emissions = The equivalent of removing
143,000
cars from our streets every year
Approaching
delivered to clients One of the world’s largest district cooling companies
plants in 5 countries Equivalent to cooling towers the size of Burj Khalifa
Dubai Metro ClevelandClinic Abu Dhabi Jabal Omar Project Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque Dubai Parks and Resorts Etihad Towers
Tabreed – September 2017 Investor Presentation 7
5 GCC Countries | 72 Plants | Approaching 1.1m tons of cooling
Bahrain 26k RT
Diplomatic Area - 1
Qatar 196k RT
West Bay – 2 Pearl - 1
KSA 77k RT
Aramco - 1 Jabal Omar -1
Oman 16k RT
KOM - 1 Lulu – 1 Remal Castle - 1
UAE 769k RT
Abu Dhabi – 38 Dubai –18 Northern Emirates – 7
Landmark Projects: Saudi Aramco, Jabal Omar Development
Saudi Tabreed District Cooling Company (Tabreed 25%)
Q2 2017) Landmark Projects: Knowledge Oasis Muscat and Oman Avenues Mall
Tabreed Oman (Tabreed 60%)
Landmark Projects: Reef Island, Financial Harbour, World Trade Centre
Bahrain District Cooling Company (Tabreed 90%)
Landmark Projects: The Pearl – Qatar, West Bay
Qatar District Cooling Company (Tabreed 44%)
Landmark Projects: Dubai Metro, Dubai Parks and Resorts, Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque, Yas Island, Al Maryah Island
National Central Cooling Company and its UAE investments
Capacity (kRT) UAE Qatar KSA Bahrain Oman Total Consolidated 667
16 709 Equity Accounted 102 196 77
Total 769 196 77 26 16 1,084
Tabreed – September 2017 Investor Presentation 8
cooling capacity reserved for the customer
cost of cooling consumed and is billed based on metering
curve in line with average temperatures in the region
month
in the winter months, average 49% for the year
variable costs of operation
O&M, finance and corporate costs and provides return on capital
64% 36% Capacity Consumption
59% 45% 43% 55% Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Capacity Consumption EBITDA Margin 64% 37% 92% 36% 63% 8%
Revenue Costs and Overheads Total EBITDA Capacity Consumption
Ca Capacit ity Ch Charges Co Consumption Ch Charges
Contracted cooling load (RT) FI FIXED Cooling consumed (RTh) VAR ARIABLE (M (MET ETERED)
Majority of revenue comes from capacity charges
Capacity revenue is fixed for the year while consumption revenue varies
Consumption is a pass through and capacity provides returns
25 25 year con
A | Overview of Tabreed B | Business overview C | Board of Directors and Senior Management D | Financial Performance E | Capital Structure F | Conclusion
Tabreed – September 2017 Investor Presentation 10
sustainable development while providing sustainable returns to its shareholders
1998 The UAE Offset Program sowed the seeds of Tabreed
agreement to supplythe UAEAF
DFM 2000 2005 2006-2008 2011 2012 2014 Signed an agreement with Aldar and the RTA
convertible bond of AED 1.7 billion
4 other GCC countries 2009 Recorded a loss of over AED 1.2 billion due to economic slowdown; Management changed Closed UAE’s FirstCommercial Recapitalization Program; Mubadala injects AED 3.1bn NIof AED 236 million, build-out program complete
refinancing
with Meraas
Island plant
with UAE-AF
Connected Capacity (RT) 2000 2005 2010 2016 2017
Group Capacity 2,000 97,000 597,000 1,048,000 1,084,000 UAE Capacity 2,000 97,000 477,000 746,000 769,000
2015
2017
Financing
issued to Mubadala
investment in Tabreed; acquired 40% stake
Tabreed – September 2017 Investor Presentation 11
Owned and Consolidated Plants Joint Ventures and Associates
Tabreed’s UAE joint ventures and associates have long term contracts with key Government clients such as Mubadala, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi Global Market Square, ZonesCorp et al while also serving reputable private customers such as Aldar and Al Hilal Bank Our joint ventures and associates also provide cooling to key Government clients such as Saudi Aramco, King Abdullah Financial District and King Khalid International Airport. Also serve reputable private customers such as United Development Company in Qatar and Lulu in Oman
The top 3 customers accounted for ~60% of chilled water revenues in 2016
Tabreed – September 2017 Investor Presentation 12
Guaranteed and price certain contracts provide stability of future earnings
Long term contracts and utility business model lead to stable, consistent and recurring revenues
Over 96% of capacity revenue is locked in for the next 10 years and Management’s target is to renew contracts on or before their expiry
100% 100% 100% 99% 99% 99% 99% 98% 97% 96% 96% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 300,000 350,000 400,000 450,000 500,000 550,000 600,000 650,000 700,000 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 Consolidated capacity Revenue contribution (no CPI)
Tabreed – September 2017 Investor Presentation 13
Pursuing growth opportunities across GCC
Well placed to benefit from growth opportunities in the region through a mix of existing concessions and assets and new plants
added by the end of H1 2017
Concessions
Concession-like arrangements leading to captive growth
New plants
New plants and developments with take-or-pay contracts
Existing plants
72 plants across the region provide
connections
Connections to existing plants, high margin and increasing utilization
New plants, driven by the real estate market
Qatar (15kRT) and other projects in Oman Concession-like arrangements, providing captive growth from key customers
Tabreed – September 2017 Investor Presentation 14
Tabreed’s in-house team has been successful in designing, building, operating and maintaining some of the biggest District Cooling systems across the region for over 19 years
Corporate 19% Operational 33% Maintenance 22% Building Maintenance 26%
O&M STRATEGY Operate and maintain plants and facilities to provide a consistently high level of service efficiently while preserving the value of the assets
Proven operations track record
interruption in 19 years of operations
maintenance plans and critical equipment redundancy
their plants and facilities
24/7 manned operations
SCADA
enhance plant performance
Centralized maintenance
view
cooling infrastructure
Project design and delivery
constructed more than 60 plants for Tabreed and third parties
projects
Metro, Yas Island, Dubai Parks and others
Headcount Plant Performance
0.0 Availability 99.4% Major outage
Cost Breakdown
778 Employees
EBITDA split % of Revenue Variable cost (76% electricity) 32% Plant Operations 4% Plant Maintenance 4% Total Operational Cost 40% Corporate overheads and others 11% Total Costs 51% EBITDA 49%
Tabreed – September 2017 Investor Presentation 15
Health, safety and environment is a cornerstone of our operations and an integral part of business planning and strategic goal setting.
manual
awareness programs to enhance HSE readiness
contractor employees have been trained over the past 2 years
HSE audits to ensure compliance with UAE regulations and international standards
effective monitoring of HSE performance and objectives
Implementation
Organization for Standardization and British Standard Institute certifications
management systems
environment management systems
and safety management systems
Certifications
committed to HSE with direct reporting line to the CEO
performance to the Board
basis
comprises HSE, Operations and Internal Audit heads
visits performed each year by CEO and senior management
Leadership & Commitment
socially responsible manner
in business planning and decisions
and industry best practices
trained and motivated to adopt and develop HSE culture
improvement in HSE performance
HSE Policy
A | Overview of Tabreed B | Business overview C | Board of Directors and Senior Management D | Financial Performance E | Capital Structure F | Conclusion
Tabreed – September 2017 Investor Presentation 17
Jasim Husain Thabet Chief Executive Officer
Aerospace, ICT and Renewables
Racing
Emirates Global Aluminum, Abu Dhabi Motorsports Management, Mubadala Petroleum, GLOBALFOUNDRIES, Finance House and Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi LLC
and Qatar Cool
regional energy, infrastructure and utilities industries, including the district cooling sector
Vice-President in Mubadala Development Company’s Industry Unit, with responsibility for managing several of the Unit’s key assets
General Electric Power Systems, and ZADCO, one of the region’s leading oil producers
Khaled Abdulla Al Qubaisi Chairman
Board Member Background H.E. Dr Ahmad Abdulla Belhoul
Dhabi Mohamed Jameel Al Ramahi
Mohammed Al Huraimel Al Shamsi
Mubadala Saeed Ali Khalfan Al Dhaheri
Paulo Almirante
Sébastien Arbola
and Turkey Frédérique Dufresnoy
ENGIE Group Frederic Claux
Advisory, ENGIE Group Executive Management Background Stephen Ridlington Chief Financial Officer
roles including Deputy CFO and Group Treasurer
Hamish Jooste Chief Legal Counsel
mergers and acquisitions, private equity and project finance
A | Overview of Tabreed B | Business overview C | Board of Directors and Senior Management D | Financial Performance E | Capital Structure F | Conclusion
Tabreed – September 2017 Investor Presentation 19
Consolidated Income Statement (AEDm) 2016 Revenue 1,280 Operating cost (682) Gross Profit 598 Administrative and other expenses (193) Profit from Operations 405 Net finance costs (156) Other gains and losses 1 Share of results of associates and joint ventures 117 Net Profit 367
Tabreed Consolidated Consolidated companies Chilled Water
Tabreed’s 53 plants owned in UAE and 3 plants in Bahrain and Oman
Value Chain
Non-core companies engaged in manufacturing and consulting
Equity accounted investments
Chilled water investments in UAE (9 plants), Qatar (3 plants) and Saudi (2 plants) and SNC JV
Structure of Tabreed’s financial statements
Tabreed – September 2017 Investor Presentation 20
Capacity (kRT) Chilled Water Revenue and Share of results (AED m) Chilled Water Profit From Operations (AED m)
UAE Qatar KSA Other GCC Total
Revenue
1,119
1,168
Operating Costs
(580)
(617)
Gross Profit
540
551
Gross Profit Margin
48%
47%
Profit from Operations
382
387
OP Margin
34%
33%
Share of Results of Associates
37 45 35
1,103 2014 1,035 2013 1,027 2016 1,168 +4% p.a. 2015 Equity accounted Consolidated 348 359 370 387 +4% p.a.
2015 34% 2014 35% 2013 32% 33% 2016 Profit from Operations Margin
UAE is the foundation for consistent performance with exciting opportunities in GCC beginning to materialize Chilled Water Geographical Breakdown (AED m)
638
2014
638
2013
616 +4% p.a.
2016
683
2015
+22% p.a.
2015
336
2014
319
2013
201
2016
365
+21% p.a. 2016 117 2015 2014 85 2013 66 99 Share of Results CW Revenue
Tabreed – September 2017 Investor Presentation 21
Stable utility infrastructure business with strong cash flows that continues to deliver earnings and dividend growth
H1 2015 507 H1 2014 H1 2016 639 555 37 602 63 48 516
+7% p.a.
526 H1 2017 483 43 579 H1 2017 1,084 344 730 636
+5% p.a.
354 H1 2016 980 H1 2014 926 612 641 314 953 H1 2015 312 UAE Govt
Revenue growth from existing and new business
combined with impact of utility tariff and CPI pass through
Profitability and value to shareholders Strong operating performance and financial position
Long-term contracts with credit worthy customers
Financial Results (AED m) Group Revenue (AEDm) Group Connected Capacity (kRT)
Chilled Water Value Chain
308 211
+9% p.a.
193 264 160 178 259 179 149 275 186 153 H1 2014 H1 2017 H1 2015 H1 2016 Profit from Ops Net Income EBITDA 30% 48% 44% 45% 48% Net Income Margin 28% Gearing Operating Profit Margin 33% EBITDA Margin 32% 2016 2017
Tabreed – September 2017 Investor Presentation 22
A | Overview of Tabreed B | Business overview C | Board of Directors and Senior Management D | Financial Performance E | Capital Structure F | Conclusion
Tabreed – September 2017 Investor Presentation 23
The transaction How it benefits Tabreed?
development
Who is ENGIE?
They have a strong footprint in the region with over 30GW of electricity assets alone
Free cash flow upside post conversion
dividend on the fully diluted shares
and represents 3 fils per share of cash flows savings
AED 3.1bn in the company
and is now well positioned for future growth
shares outstanding to 2,715m
42% 40% 18% Float Tabreed’s ownership after completion
9% Coupon Total 6% 4% Dividend
Annual coupon cost saving
Tabreed – September 2017 Investor Presentation 24
Capital Structure – As at 31st August, 2017
Robust capital structure with sustainable leverage ratios
Equity & Liabilities 31% Bank Debt Share Cap. Other liabilities Reserves AED 8.8 bn 24% 88% 14% 9% 12% Islamic Financing 22% Assets
Current assets
Non-current assets Equity (53%) Liabilities (47%)
(Engie))
Other Liabilities Bank Debt Reserves Issued Capital
financing
Islamic Financing
Tabreed – September 2017 Investor Presentation 25
AED 500m of additional debt capacity in the process
current corporate debt
Tranche Main purpose Drawn Amount (AED m) Undrawn Amount (AED m) Maturity
Tranche 1 Refinance current debt 1,025
Tranche 2 Current capex tranche – to fund ongoing investment 195
Tranche 3 Future capex tranche – to fund future investments
2027 Total debt 1,220 293
AED 1.5bn refinancing with AED 500m of new debt capacity
Borrower Type Drawn Amount (AED m) Undrawn Amount (AED m) Currency Interest Hedging (%) Maturity Tabreed Term loan 1,680
EIBOR + margin 98 2021 Tabreed Revolver 58 392 AED EIBOR + margin
Tabreed Islamic Financing* 1220 293 AED EIBOR + margin
Dubai Parks SPV Project Finance 187 10 AED EIBOR + margin 61 2032 ICT SPV Project Finance 78
EIBOR + margin 75 2031 Bahrain DC Company Term loan 120
LIBOR + margin
Tabreed Oman Term loan 65 9 OR Fixed margin 100 2024 Total debt 3,408 704 55%
Debt position as at 31st August 2017
* This facility is expected to be hedged 60% by the end of the year
Tabreed – September 2017 Investor Presentation 26
A | Overview of Tabreed B | Business overview C | Board of Directors and Senior Management D | Financial Performance E | Capital Structure F | Conclusion
Tabreed – September 2017 Investor Presentation 27
Why Tabreed
Seeking and investing in
across GCC
Robust Financial Results
Why District Cooling Track record of delivering capacity growth
footprint, and state subsidies while also being 16% cheaper for the customer
Tabreed – September 2017 Investor Presentation 28
Tabreed’s turnaround has been recognized by market players and has increased shareholder value
Solid performance vs DFM index
Cash dividend yield (% of 31 December share price) 2014 to date – Market price of Tabreed, DFM, ADX and MSCI Emerging Markets
Mubadala, 42% Engie, 40% Other Institutions, 12% Retail, 6% UAE, 91% GCC, 3% Arab, 1% Other, 5%
Shareholder Composition and Geographical Spread
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 Jan-16 Feb-16 Mar-16 Apr-16 May-16 Jun-16 Jul-16 Aug-16 Sep-16 Oct-16 Nov-16 Dec-16 Jan-17 Feb-17 Mar-17 Apr-17 May-17 Jun-17 Jul-17 Aug-17 Sep-17
Volumes (Million) Indexed to Tabreed price (AED)
Volume Tabreed DFM MSCI-EM 4.1% 2.1% 4.6% 5.0% 3.2% 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
NATIONAL CENTRAL COOLING COMPANY (PJSC)
Management looks forward to engaging with shareholders and investors at the following events
Thi hird qua quarter earn earnings gs call all End of October 2017 EFG MENA & Frontier conference, London 6 – 9 November 2017 BAM AML MEN ENA con
15 – 16 November 2017 Yea ear en end earn earnings s call all End of January 2018
Saket Somani
Churchgate Partners
Tel: +971 4 3132432 Email: Tabreed@churchgatepartners.com
Richard Rose
VP – Finance
Leila Al Marashi
VP – Corporate Communications Tel: +971 2 2020400 Email: IR@tabreed.ae Tel: +971 2 2020399 Email: LAlmarashi@tabreed.ae
Tabreed – September 2017 Investor Presentation 30
Tabreed – September 2017 Investor Presentation 31
History
years
Lyonnaise des Eaux et de l’Éclairage, Gaz de France (GDF) and International Power
Key Highlights
Overview
efficient solutions for all its customers
energy for the world: sustainable energy available to everyone
Tabreed – September 2017 Investor Presentation 32
Capacity (fixed) Consumption (variable) Total Revenue, net of amortization 64 36 100 Utility Costs
(32) Plant operation & maintenance (9)
Depreciation (11)
Gross Profit 44 4 48 Corporate overheads (16)
Profit from Operations 28 4 32 Add back: depreciation & amortisation 16
EBITDA 44 4 48
68% 12% 48%
Profit Statement (% of revenue) – based on 2016 results
64% of the revenue is fixed
Stable and predictable earnings - 91% of EBITDA arises from capacity charges
generally fixed, subject to escalation based on country CPI every year
variable cost is generally passed through to the customers
corporate overheads and providing a strong return on capital invested
Billing structure and profitability
36% 64% Consumption Capacity 61% 39% 9% 91%
Only 39% of the cost is against fixed revenue, rest is passed through Hence, 91% of the EBITDA is from capacity revenue
Tabreed – September 2017 Investor Presentation 33
Key Observations
Stable utility infrastructure business model enables consistent performance with ~50% EBITDA margins
Consolidated Financials (AED m) H1 2017 H1 2016 Variance % Revenue 639 579 61 +10% Chilled water revenue (94%) 602 516 86 +17% Value chain businesses (6%) 37 63 (26)
Operating cost (327) (295) (31) +11% Gross Profit 313 283 29 +10% Gross profit margin 49% 49% Administrative and other expenses (101) (97) (4) +4% Profit from Operations 211 186 25 +14% Operating profit margin 33% 32% Net finance costs (82) (75) (7) +10% Other gains and losses 1 4 (3)
Share of results of associates and joint ventures 62 48 14 +29% Income attributable to non-controlling interests (0) (3) 3
Net Profit 193 160 32 +20% Net profit margin 30% 28% EBITDA 308 275 33 +12% EBITDA margin 48% 48%
Tabreed – September 2017 Investor Presentation 34
Key Observations
refinanced:
Balance sheet continues to show strength and positions Tabreed to finance further growth
Consolidated Financials (AED m) Jun 30, 2017 Dec 31, 2016 Variance % Fixed Assets 6,937 6,977 (39)
Investments in associates and JVs 831 826 5 +1% Accounts Receivable 523 409 114 +28% Cash and Short Term Deposits 500 390 110 +28% Other Assets 62 60 3 +5% Total Assets 8,854 8,661 193 2% Equity and Reserves 2,660 2,666 (5)
Convertible bonds - equity component 1,773 1,773
Debt 3,610 3,424 186 +5% Other Liabilities 811 799 12 +1% Total Liabilities and Equity 8,854 8,661 193 2%
Tabreed – September 2017 Investor Presentation 35
Key Observations
Strong cash flow generation from long term price certain contracts enabling investment in growth
Consolidated Financials (AED m) H1 2017 H1 2016 Variance % Profit from Operations 211 186 25 +14% Finance lease amortization 28 28 +0% Depreciation 69 62 7 +12% Working Capital and Other adjustments (25) (17) (8) +45% Net cash flows from Operating Activities 283 258 25 +10% Capital expenditure incurred (154) (121) (34) +28% Investments in JVs
92
Dividends and interest income received 54 47 7 +100% Proceeds from land sale in Oman
(12)
Net cash flows from Investing Activities (101) (154) 54
Loans drawn down 114 289 (176)
Principal and interest payments on loans (1,189) (167) (1,022) +614% Islamic financing arrangement received 1,220
+100% MCB cash coupon paid (22) (43) 22
Others (195) (172) (24) +14% Net cash flows from Financing Activities (72) (92) 20
Net Movement in Cash and Cash Equivalents 110 12 99 +850% Cash and Cash Equivalents at the start of the period 390 193 197 +102% Cash and Cash Equivalents at 30 June 500 205 295 +144%