INTRODUCTION TO THE HUMANITARIAN SYSTEM AGENDA 1. Introduction - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

INTRODUCTION TO THE HUMANITARIAN SYSTEM

AGENDA

Introduction Overview of the Humanitarian System Private Sector Examples Engagement Opportunities Q&A

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

More could be done to further enable the private sector to engage in risk reduction, emergency preparedness, response and recovery and to maximize the potential for collective private sector action. The number of people affected by humanitarian crises almost doubled

• ver the past decade

Governments have the main responsibility for protection and assistance, and when requested, international humanitarian

• rganizations can step in to

support national efforts during and after crises, and to prevent and strengthen preparedness. With the growing number, scale and duration

• f today’s crises, more innovative and

effective approaches and partnerships are essential to address the needs of affected

• people. The private sector is called upon to

support.

2. 3. 4. INTRODUCTION

the world today

In recent years, private sector support to humanitarian crises has surged as they have helped in ensuring that individuals and communities are resilient and able to recover from shocks. Many companies have contributed their technological know-how and logistics expertise, developed new, innovative solutions and provided much needed financial resources.

The private sector is a major stakeholder in communities affected by disasters – their

• perations can be affected,

but they also possess critical knowledge, skills and resources.

Business continuity

Local businesses that continue to operate during and following emergencies or resume their

• perations in crisis-affected areas play an

important role in a rapid recovery.

1

Financial and in-kind contributions

Companies can provide financial and in-kind donations of goods

• r services. Financial donations

are usually the preferred especially in the first days of an emergency, as they allow humanitarian organizations to quickly and flexibly obtain what is most needed and culturally appropriate.

2.

Longer term investments

Contributions in the form of technical expertise, infrastructure development and economic investments are valuable when aligned with national priorities and complementary to other partners’ contributions.

3.

(Pre-)positioned partnerships and standing agreements

It is important that efforts are coordinated with others, ideally in advance of a

• crisis. Humanitarian agencies and companies can create standing agreements

that define how they will collaborate in an emergency. CBi strengthens private sector networks that enable businesses to contribute to effective disaster risk reduction, emergency preparedness, response and recovery.

4. INTRODUCTION

the role of the private sector

Advocacy and Expertise

Organizations can raise awareness of humanitarian issues and their role in supporting action. Consultant and technology companies can also enable humanitarian organizations to improve their internal

• perations by providing

technology and expertise.

5.

THE ROLE OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR IN PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE

This webinar is a starting point for the private sector to increase its understanding of the humanitarian system. Objective

• help participants

understand the context of the humanitarian system

Learning

• utcome
• enable participants

to navigate between global and local level actors at the end of this webinar participants will be able to identify their role and how they fit into the humanitarian system

INTRODUCTION

Why this webinar?

OVERVIEW OF THE HUMANITARIAN SYSTEM

LEGAL AND NORMATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR HUMANITARIAN ACTION

International Humanitarian Law International Human Rights Law International Refugee Law Principles

LEGAL AND NORMATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR HUMANITARIAN ACTION

For response to be efficient and effective, ALL actors need to abide by the same rules and guidelines, most notably.

Yet businesses are increasingly familiar with human rights law and their responsibility to respect human rights*. States have the responsibility to protect against human rights abuse.

*as outlined in the “Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights: Implementing the United Nations 'Protect, Respect and Remedy' Framework”

INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW

INTERNATIONAL REFUGEE LAW

Instruments Define who refugees are, what legal protection and other assistance they are entitled to receive, and what their responsibilities are. Global Compact on Refugees

To follow up on the New York Declaration (Sept 2016), the UN High Commissioner for Refugees will propose a Global Compact on Refugees in his annual report to the General Assembly in 2018. The objective is to improve the way in which the international community responds to large movements of refugees and migrants, as well as to protracted refugee situations.

Other rights include e.g. Right to work; Right to housing; Right to public relief and assistance.

Principle of non- refoulement A refugee should not be returned to a country where he or she faces serious threats to his or her life or freedom.

+

INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW

Is binding to both State and non-State actors.

International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law are complementary and both apply in times of armed conflict, yet human rights are interpreted in the context of International Humanitarian Law. Businesses need to ensure their actions are not linked – intentionally or unintentionally – to armed conflict

1.

Regulates the methods and means of armed conflict, granting protection where relevant also to the personnel and facilities of the private sector.

2.

HUMANITARIAN PRINCIPLES

Humanity Neutrality Impartiality Independence

Human suffering must be addressed wherever it is found. The purpose of humanitarian action is to protect life and health and ensure respect for human beings Humanitarian actors must not take sides in hostilities

• r engage in controversies
• f a political, racial,

religious or ideological nature Humanitarian action must be carried out on the basis of need alone, giving priority to the most urgent cases of distress and making no distinctions on the basis of nationality, race, gender, religious belief, class

• r political opinions

Humanitarian action must be autonomous from the political, economic, military

• r other objectives that any

actor may hold with regard to areas where humanitarian action is being implemented

Partnerships between humanitarian actors and private sector companies should be developed in which the core competencies of both parties are valued and leveraged.

• 1. Leveraging of Core

Competencies

Both parties should work together to ensure that all

• f their collaborative

efforts are aimed at meeting identified needs and respect the culture, customs, and structures of affected communities.

• 2. Needs-Driven

Private sector employees are pre trained by their humanitarian partners in the principles, standards, and codes of conduct for humanitarian action as well as their partnership policies and procedures, especially through field-level training in relevant contexts.

• 3. Standards and

Codes of Conduct

Both parties will work together to engage national and local authorities as much as possible in their collaborative efforts if appropriate.

• 4. Relationships with

Governments

Both parties will aim to build local skills and resources in the context of their collaborative efforts.

• 5. Building Local

Capacity

Private sector companies and humanitarian actors should work together to ensure that all in-kind donations are needs-driven and that additional cost is not necessitated from in- kind donations over local purchase alternatives.

• 6. Donation Cost

Coverage

Both parties should establish a clear separation between their divisions managing public-private partnerships for humanitarian action and those responsible for procurement.

• 7. Distinction between

humanitarian and commercial activities

Both parties will work together to ensure that their public relations activities accurately reflect their collaborative efforts and respect affected communities.

• 8. Public Relations

Both parties will work together to ensure that they report publicly on their collaborative efforts using clear, consistent, and transparent reporting policies.

• 9. Reporting,

Monitoring and Evaluation

Both parties should work together to develop partnerships that are predictable in nature.

• 10. Predictability

GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR PUBLIC-PRIVATE COLLABORATION FOR HUMANITARIAN ACTION

THE TEN PRINCIPLES OF THE UN GLOBAL COMPACT

Labour

Principle 3 Businesses should uphold the freedom of association and the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining

Environment

Principle 7 Businesses should support a precautionary approach to environmental challenges

Anti corruption

Principle 10 Businesses should work against corruption in all its forms, including extortion and bribery

Human rights

Principle 1 Businesses should support and respect the protection of internationally proclaimed human rights Principle 2 Make sure that they are not complicit in human rights abuses. Principle 4 The elimination of all forms of forced and compulsory labour Principle 5 The effective abolition of child labour Principle 6 The elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and

• ccupation

Principle 8: Undertake initiatives to promote greater environmental responsibility Principle 9 Encourage the development and diffusion of environmentally friendly technologies

International Humanitarian Law International Human Rights Law International Refugee Law

What? Rules that seek to limit the effects of armed conflict Purpose? Protect persons who are not or are no longer participating in hostilities Restrict the means and methods of warfare Application? Applies to State and non-State actors during conflict What? Legally binding treaties Purpose? To respect, protect and fulfill human rights Application? States have the obligation to protect and businesses have the obligation to respect human rights at all times What? Legal framework that defines who refugees are, and their rights and responsibilities Purpose? Establish standards for refugee protection Application? Binding to States that have ratified the Refugee Convention; when a government no longer protects the basic rights of people and they leave their home country.

KEY TAKE- AWAYS

Humanitarian Principles

What? Principles guiding humanitarian activities Purpose? Establish and maintain access to affected people Application? Applies to all humanitarian actors

Additional Principles

What? Guidelines for public-private partnerships in humanitarian action and responsible business practices Purpose? Uphold basic responsibilities and align with same principles and values Application? Wherever businesses have presence

+ + + +

OVERVIEW OF THE HUMANITARIAN SYSTEM

TERMINOLOGY

Protracted crises

Recurrent natural disasters and/or conflict, weak governance, longstanding food crises, the breakdown of livelihoods and insufficient institutional capacity to react to these crises. (FAO)

(Humanitarian) disaster

A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society at any scale due to hazardous events interacting with conditions of exposure, vulnerability and capacity, leading to

• ne or more of the following: human, material, economic and

environmental losses and impacts. (ISDR)

Manmade disaster

Events that are caused by humans and occur in or close to human settlements. (IFRC)

Complex emergency

A humanitarian crisis in a country, region or society where there is total

• r considerable breakdown of authority resulting from internal or

external conflict and which requires an international response that goes beyond the mandate or capacity of any single agency and/ or the

• ngoing United Nations country program. (IASC)

Disasters caused by natural hazards

Natural disasters are events brought about by natural hazards that seriously affect the society, economy and/or infrastructure of a region. Depending on population vulnerability and local response capacity, natural disasters will pose challenges and problems of a humanitarian nature. (IASC)

TYPES OF CRISES

Hazard

Natural processes/ phenomena/human activities that can cause the loss of life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation. (ISDR)

Humanitarian Programme Cycle

Refers to the coordinated, sequential actions undertaken to prepare for, manage and deliver humanitarian response. It consists of emergency response preparedness, needs assessment and analysis, strategic response planning, implementation and monitoring, resource mobilization and an operational peer review and evaluation. Coordination and information management are ongoing at all times in support of the response. The HPC is owned and managed by the humanitarian organizations present in each country.

Humanitarian assistance

Actions that seeks to save lives and alleviate suffering of a crisis affected population. (OCHA)

Humanitarian action

Actions in relations to assistance, protection and advocacy which must be undertaken with an impartial basis in response to human needs resulting from complex political emergencies and natural hazards. (ALNAP)

TYPES OF ACTIONS 1/2

Recovery

A focus on how best to restore the capacity of the government and communities to rebuild and recover from crisis and to prevent relapses into

• conflict. In so doing, recovery seeks not only to catalyze sustainable

development activities, but also to build upon earlier humanitarian programmes to ensure that their inputs become assets for development. (UNHCR)

Response

Actions taken directly before, during or immediately after a disaster in order to save lives, reduce health impacts, ensure public safety and meet the basic subsistence needs of the people affected. (ISDR)

TYPES OF ACTIONS 2/2

Risk reduction

Action taken to reduce the risk of disasters and the adverse impacts of natural hazards, through systematic efforts to analyse and manage the causes

• f disasters, including through avoidance of hazards,

reduced social and economic vulnerability to hazards, and improved preparedness for adverse events.

Disaster management

Organization and management of resources and responsibilities for dealing with all humanitarian aspects of emergencies, in particular preparedness, response and recovery in order to lessen the impact of disasters.(IFRC)

Preparedness

The organization, education, and training of the population and all relevant institutions to facilitate effective control, early warning, evacuation, rescue, relief and assistance operations in the event of a disaster or emergency. (CRID)

Prevention

The elimination or reduction of the likelihood that natural events may endanger human beings, their goods, their social assets, or their environment. (CRID)

OVERVIEW OF THE HUMANITARIAN SYSTEM

HUMANITARIAN ARCHITECTURE AND KEY ACTORS

KEY ACTORS

Government Military Affected people Member States Media

Local businesses MNEs

Red Cross and Red Crescent NGOs External support is triggered if (1) a country's national capacity is exceeded (2) the country requests and/or accepts international assistance

IASC* led system UN Agencies International NGOs ICRC IFRC

* The Inter-Agency Standing Committee was established by the UN General Assembly in 1991 to serve as the primary mechanism for inter-agency coordination relating to humanitarian assistance. The main purpose of the IASC is to improve the effectiveness of humanitarian action by coordinating IASC's activities, assigning responsibilities, and sharing resources and knowledge.

Global Level

INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN ARCHITECTURE

Emergency Relief Coordinator (ERC) Inter-Cluster Coordination Group

Country Level

Resident Coordinator (RC) Humanitarian Coordinator (HC) Humanitarian Country Team (HCT) Inter-Agency Standing Committee

Humanitarian Country Team Inter-Cluster Coordination Team

NGO Country Representative UN Agency Country Representative UN Agency Country Representative/ Head of Cluster Lead Agency

HC/RC OCHA

OCHA Cluster Coordinator Cluster Coordinator Cluster Coordinator Cluster Coordinator Cluster Members Cluster Members Cluster Members Cluster Members

Cluster Cluster Cluster Cluster

Humanitarian Coordination at Country Level

Aims to strengthen humanitarian response capacity and effectiveness in 5 key ways

THE CLUSTER SYSTEM

Ensuring sufficient global capacity is built up and maintained in key gap sectors/areas of response

1.

Identifying predictable leadership in the gap sectors/areas of response

2.

Facilitating partnerships and improved inter-agency complementarity by maximizing resources

3.

Strengthening accountability

4.

Improving strategic field- level coordination and prioritization in specific sectors/areas of response

5.

PRIVATE SECTOR EXAMPLES

Butch Meily Philippine Disaster Resilience Foundation

Network of Businesses and Partner Agencies

PDRF Clusters

Emergency Operations Center

Logistics Telecom Water and Sanitation

Emergency Supplies (Food & Non Food)

Power, Fuel and Energy Finance and Insurance

Stakeholder Management

Health & Emergency Services / Search & Rescue

Update: 84 Member Companies

Infrastructure

• 1. Delnet

International aaCorporation

• 2. Globe Telecom
• 3. PLDT– SMART
• 1. Manila Water
• 2. Maynilad
• 1. Clark Devt Corp
• 2. DHL Express
• 3. DHL Supply Chain
• 4. DMCI
• 5. Filinvest Group
• 6. First Philippine

H Holdings Corp.

• 7. F. F. Cruz & Co.
• 8. Magsaysay Maritime, Inc.
• 9. Monark Equipment Corp.
• 10. Metro Pacific Tollways

jkhCorporation (NLEX)

• 11. PASIA
• 12. Philippine AirAsia
• 13. Pacific Global 1
• 14. Phillip Morris Tobacco

aaaCorp, Inc.

• 15. San Miguel Corporation
• 16. UPS Philippines
• 17. WFP
• 1. CDRC
• 2. CHEERS
• 3. Coca-Cola
• 4. Jollibee
• 5. Liwayway Marketing
• 6. Nestle Philippines, Inc.
• 7. Pepsico, Inc.
• 8. Pepsi-Cola Products

aaPhilippines, Inc.

• 9. Philippine Hotel

aaOwners Association

• 10. Pilmico
• 11. RI Chemical Corp.
• 12. Roxas Holdings, Inc.
• 1. Aboitiz Power
• 2. AES Philippines
• 3. Isla Petroleum &

Gas aaCorporation

• 4. Jones Lang LaSalle

(JLL)

• 5. Pilipinas Shell
• 6. Meralco
• 7. Phelps Dodge
• 8. Team Energy
• 9. Total Philippines

Corp.

• 1. Ayala Land
• 2. Ayala Corporation
• 3. CERM
• 4. Energy Development

Corp.

• 5. E.R.I.C.
• 6. Makati Med Foundation
• 7. Mariwasa Siam Ceramics

8 Philex Mining

• 9. Pilipinas 911
• 10. St. Lukes Medical Center
• 11. Zuellig Pharma

1.BPI

• 2. Isla Lipana / PCW
• 3. LandBank
• 4. Peace & Equity F

aaFoundation

• 5. PhilExport
• 6. Phinma
• 7. P.J.Lhuillier Group of

aaCompanies

• 8. SGV
• 9. UCPB - CIIF
• 10. Union Bank
• 1. DMCI
• 2. Association of

Structural Engineers

• f the Philippines
• 3. Philippine Institute
• f Civil Engineers
• 4. Philippine

Constructors Association

Cheers Foundation

Inter-Operability with Philippine Government and International Humanitarian Agencies

Logistics Telecom

Water and Sanitation Emergency Supplies

(Food & Non Food)

Power, Fuel and Energy Early Recovery (Finance) Health, Medical Services and SAR

PDRF Cluster System

GOVERNMENT

INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN AGENCIES OCD, DOTr (CAAP, Marina) OCD, NTC, DITC DOH, DPWH-MWSS, LWUA DSWD OCD, DOE NEDA, DOF, DBM DND-AFP, DOH, DILG

WFP WFP

UNICEF IOM, FAO, WFP, UNICEF, UNHCR, IFRC WFP UNDP WHO, OCHA Resilient Infrastructures DPWH, OCD UN Habitat, Build Change

Jock Mendoza-Wilson SCM Management

Almost 12 Million food aid packages have been distributed - 12kg of essential food stuffs in each package. At its peak 500,000 people on both sides of the contact line received food packages each month Aid convoys to Ukraine’s Donbass each delivering 60,000 tonnes of food to vulnerable citizens on both sides of the contact line.

Humanitarian Aid Centres In Donetsk and Mariupol

Over 55,000 people evacuated from the conflict zone

Targeted assistance for those who need emergency aid over 10,000 helped Help with essential medicines for vulnerable citizens

Psychological counselling for

• ver 49,000 children

ENGAGEMENT OPPORTUNITIES

THE CONNECTING BUSINESS INITIATIVE

Transforming the way the private sector engages before, during and after crises.

Coordinated business engagement and multi-stakeholder partnerships between international organizations, governments, civil society and the private sector in disaster risk reduction, emergency preparedness, response and recovery create more resilience at societal and sectoral level and increase local capacity.

VISION

1

Strategic engagement of the private sector in disaster risk reduction, emergency preparedness, response and recovery at societal, sectoral and company level is strengthened.

Global entry point

OUTPUT 1

2

OUTCOME

Improved business engagement in DRR, emergency preparedness, response and recovery creates more resilient societies and sectors.

4

OUTPUT 2

3

National/ regional entry point

Private sector networks and platforms are connected with country-based structures.

THE CONNECTING BUSINESS INITIATIVE

In 2018, CBi will work with various partners to develop and implement a Guidance Toolkit for CBi Member Networks – and other private sector networks and collective action initiatives – interested in taking action in complex emergency contexts. The pilot countries selected are Cote d’Ivoire, East Africa/Kenya and Turkey. For more information, please reach out to Ms. Tiina Mylly (tiina.mylly@undp.org). To join the CBi community, go to https://www.connectingbusiness.org/ and create a profile.

Strengthening Collective Private Sector Engagement in Complex Emergency Contexts

UN GLOBAL COMPACT

Humanitarian Action Platform

Business for Humanitarian Action platform brings together companies, experts, civil society, Governments, and UN partners to explore connections between humanitarian action, peace, and sustainable development. The platform will help define and drive business leadership in support of conflict-affected people by developing guidance and supporting global advocacy. Participants will identify concrete ways to support vulnerable populations in conflict/post-conflict countries and displaced people in recipient countries, while further integrating sustainable development into their business operations.

ABOUT THE PLATFORM WHY PARTICIPATE

In partnership with Supported by Help define a leadership framework on company action in of conflict- affected people in complex emergencies Connect and explore new partnerships with business, UN entities, Global Compact Local Networks, Governments, civil society, and other thought leaders at the forefront of humanitarian action Show business leadership in the implementation of the New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants Gain recognition for your company’s efforts to support humanitarian action Engage in a UN Intergovernmental process

UN GLOBAL COMPACT

Humanitarian Action Platform

An opportunity to learn and an opportunity to lead

Local level multi-stakeholder dialogues (3-5 countries) Framework/guidance for company action in support of conflict- affected people/complex emergencies and leadership case studies Implementation support on the New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants by producing white papers on the Global Compacts for Migration to be adopted in 2018

Q&A

6

For more information and to join the initiatives, please reach

• ut to:
• Connecting Business initiative (connectingbusiness@un.org)
• UN Global Compact (tejeda@unglobalcompact.org)

ADDITIONAL READING

• OCHA on Message: Humanitarian Principles, here
• Guiding Principles for Public-Private Collaboration for

Humanitarian Action, here

• Businesses and International Humanitarian Law, here
• Reference Module for Cluster Coordination at Country Level, here
• Combining Capabilities: How Public-Private Partnerships are

Making a Difference in Humanitarian Action, here

• Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights: Implementing

the United Nations 'Protect, Respect and Remedy' Framework, here

• The New York Declaration on Refugees and Migrants, here
• The Business Case: A study of private sector engagement in

humanitarian action here

• Slide 1: UN Photo/Logan Abassi, via Flickr
• Slide 2: UN Photo/JC McIlwaine, via Flickr
• Slide 3: UN Photo/Isaac Billy, via Flickr; Icons: Group of people;

Government; Support; Aid; Idea

• Slide 4: UN Photo/Logan Abassi, via Flickr
• Slide 5: Photo by James Connolly via Unsplash; Icons: Objective; Learning
• Slide 6: Photo by j Zamora via Unsplash
• Slide 7: Photo by Rendiansyah Nugroho on Unsplash
• Slide 8: UN Photo/Jean-Marc Ferré, via Flickr; Icons: Protection; Respect
• Slide 9: UN Photo/OCHA/David Ohana. www.unmultimedia.org/photo/;

Icons: Tools; Principle; Book

• Slide 10: Photo by Simson Petrol on Unsplash
• Slide 11: Photo by UN Photo/Isaac Billy, via Flickr
• Slide 12: UN Photo/Mark Garten, via Flickr; UN Photo/Eskinder Debebe, via

Flickr; Photo by OCHA

• Slide 13: Photo by NASA on Unsplash
• Slide 14: UN Photo/Logan Abassi, via Flickr
• Slide 15: Photo by Amador Loureiro via Unsplash
• Slide 16: UN Photo/Marco Dormino; Photo by Jaromír Kavan on Unsplash;

Photo by Simson Petrol on Unsplash; Photo by CIAT - 2DU Kenya 86, CC BY- SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=30331271; Photo by Eva Grey on Unsplash

• Slide 17: Photo by EscombrosBelAir5.jpg: Marcello Casal Jr/ABrderivative

work: Diliff (talk) - EscombrosBelAir5.jpg, CC BY 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=9443655; Photo by Pinky Binks on Unsplash; UN Photo/Logan Abassi, via Flickr; UN Photo/Shareef Sarhan, via Flickr

• Slide 18: UN Photo Contest Goal 3; UN Photo/Mark Garten; Photo by

bridgesward, vis Pixabay; By Phillip Capper from Wellington, New Zealand (Port Vila, Vanuatu, 29 Nov. 2006) [CC BY 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0)], via Wikimedia Commons; Photo by ADB, via Flickr

• Slide 19: UN Photo/Kim Haughton
• Slide 20: UN Photo/Tim McKulka. www.unmultimedia.org/photo/ ; Photo

by Benny Jackson on Unsplash; Icons: People

• Slide 21: UN Photo/UNICEF/Marco Dormino. www.unmultimedia.org/photo/
• Slide 22: UN Photo/Logan Abassi via Flickr
• Slide 23: Photo by CW14 via smugsmug
• Slide 24: Photo by Zeyn Afuang on Unsplash
• Slide 27: Photo by UNHCR/A. McConnell via smugsmug
• Slide 33: UN Photo/OCHA/David Ohana, via Flickr
• Slide 34: UN Photo Contest Goal 3; Icons: Vision; Output; Outcome
• Slide 35: Icons: Map
• Slide 36: Photo by NastyaSensei Sens, via Prexels; Icons: Globe; Handshake;

Notebook; Recognition; Justice

• Slide 37: OCHA/Jose Reyna, via smugsmug; Unknown, via smugsmug; UN

Photo/Marco Dormino, via Flickr

• Slide 38: Vietnam work: Photo by Kate Ferguson on Unsplash
• Slide 39: Photo by SplitShire via Prexels
• Slide 40: Photo by Rendiansyah Nugroho on Unsplash

PHOTO AND ICON CREDITS