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Introduction to Linguistics: Interdisciplinary aspects: Text Technology Dafydd Gibbon B.A. British And American Studies Basic Module 2 Winter Semester 2006/2007 Class Website LINGUISTICS AND OTHER DISCIPLINES THE BACKGROUND TO YOUR WEB

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Introduction to Linguistics: Interdisciplinary aspects: Text Technology

Dafydd Gibbon B.A. British And American Studies Basic Module 2 Winter Semester 2006/2007

Class Website

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LINGUISTICS AND OTHER DISCIPLINES

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THE BACKGROUND TO YOUR WEB PORTFOLIO

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Web portfolio

  • Motivation:

– easier access and interaction than via paper / email – means of becoming familiar with everyday use of

electronic media

– a form of “Applied Text Linguistics” – a source of materials / tasks for the class

  • So:

– if you do not have a free web site yet, get one! – hint: you can start with a blog (web log) website

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Creating a portfolio web site

  • My own teaching web site contains a kind of portfolio of

my teaching goals, methods and content:

  • Your own websites can be

– structured according to your own preferences – constructed with web editing software – made by hand – but they must be professionally formatted, look good,

and be easy to use...

Dafydd Gibbon Teaching Winter 2006/2007

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Several ways to make a website

  • Run your own web server

– for example on a DSL line, with the Apache server – save your HTML files

  • Use the university website

– and upload your HTML files

  • Use another web service provider

– and upload your HTML files

  • Use blogging software

– and make a weblog (blog)

<My laptop http server>

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What is a website, actually?

  • A hypertext document with

– embedded document objects – linked document objects – and therefore a text...

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What is a hypertext, actually?

  • A hypertext document is a text

– either with conventional hierarchical parts – or as a complex network of parts

  • For example:

– Any document on the World Wide Web

  • electronic dictionary
  • blog
  • e-commerce site
  • Google (and of course this slide, since it is linked...)

– A help document for a computer application

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What is a text, actually?

  • Discussion:

– Examples:

  • ...

– Which properties does a text have?

  • appearance...
  • meaning...
  • structure...
  • Consequences for a linguistic theory of text?
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Properties of a text

FORMULATION APPEARANCE MEANING production reception

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Properties of a text

TEXT STRUCTURE MEDIA SEMANTICS, PRAGMATICS sense, semantic interpretation style, media interpretation production reception

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Properties of a text

TEXT STRUCTURE MEDIA SEMANTICS, PRAGMATICS sense, semantic interpretation style, media interpretation production reception THE SHARED WORLD

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Properties of a text

TEXT STRUCTURE MEDIA SEMANTICS, PRAGMATICS sense, semantic interpretation style, media interpretation production reception THE WORLD OF THE MIND

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Properties of a text

TEXT STRUCTURE MEDIA SEMANTICS, PRAGMATICS sense, semantic interpretation style, media interpretation production reception THE WORLD OF THE MIND THE SHARED WORLD

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APPLYING TEXT THEORY PROFESSIONALLY

"What a Linguist Needs to Know about Word Processing"

http://wwwhomes.uni-bielefeld.de/~gibbon/Docs/LinguisticsAndWordProcessing03.pdf

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  • Because linguists know about

– text construction – spelling (cf. spell checkers) – correct inflection (cf. grammar checkers) – thesaurus as a writer's help – word prediction/completion (cf. also mobile phones) – capitalisation – use of correct quotation marks – translation of terms for localisation to other languages

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Word Processing

  • Word processing, with OpenOffice or MS-Word is an area
  • f Applied Linguistics.
  • Most people do not know how to do it: they just

concentrate on APPEARANCE:

FORMULATION APPEARANCE MEANING production reception

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Word Processing

  • Word processing, with OpenOffice or MS-Word is an area
  • f Applied Linguistics.
  • However, much more important is FORMULATION in

terms of TEXT OBJECTS:

FORMULATION APPEARANCE MEANING production reception

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TEXT OBJECTS AND DOCUMENT OBJECTS

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TEXT OBJECTS

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Formulation: text structure

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Word processor text object hierarchy

  • Character:

– Properties: font, size, highlights, ...

  • Paragraph:

– Properties: upper, lower, left, right margins – Types:

  • Default (general definitions - don’t actually use this!)
  • Text body
  • Headings (different levels of sub-headings)
  • Lists

– numbered lists (ordered lists) – unordered lists (bullet lists)

– Tables

  • Figure
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Text objects and their properties

Character Font Arial, Helvetica, Times Roman, Courier, ... Size 10pt, 12pt, ... Bold bold, non-bold Italic italit, non-italic Underline underline, non-underline Colour red, orange, ... white, black

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Text objects and their properties

Paragraph Alignment left, right, centred, justified Numbering enumerated, bulleted Tabulator horizontal tab settings Indentation left & right margin, first line indentation Spacing gap above and below Line 1, 1.5, 2, ... Frame sub-attributes: line type, thickness, colour, ...

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More text objects: Lists

  • Lists:

– properties:

  • line spacing
  • indenting
  • spacing between list marker and text
  • ...

– types:

  • ordered lists (numbered lists)

– properties: leading number

  • unordered lists (bullet lists)

– properties: leading dot / dash / arrow / ...

1.apples 2.Oranges 3.Pears 4.Quinces

  • apples
  • Oranges
  • Pears
  • Quinces
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More text objects: Tables

  • Tables

– parts:

  • header rows

– properties: spacing, fonts, ...

  • content rows

– properties: spacing, fonts, ...

  • columns:

– properties: spacing, ...

  • cells

– properties: padding, fonts, ...

– properties: borders, ...

Family name First name Date of birth Place of birth Telephone Email Albertson James 1983-07-23 Norwich, UK +4942345332 ja@none.co.uk

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More text objects: Figures

  • Figures:

– parts:

  • picture
  • caption

– cross-reference

  • Advantages:

– Numbering is

automatic

– Moving the figure

changes the numbering

Figure 1 shows the Golden Horn of Gallehus.

Figure 1: The Golden Horn of Gallehus.

Figure 2 shows the ear.

Figure 2: The ear.

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PARAGRAPH STYLES

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Paragraphs: the unprofessional method

  • The unprofessional method:

– paragraph objects can be “hacked” - i.e. their

properties can simply be defined by using the “bold”, “centred” etc. properties, one paragraph at a time

– but this

  • is a waste of time and energy (and intelligence): changes

have to be made separately to each paragraph

  • inflexible
  • leads to inconsistency
  • creates problems with converting into other media (e.g.

hypertext for the internet)

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Paragraphs: the professional method

  • The professional method:

– Types of paragraph objects should be defined as

types, by means of styles (German: Formatvorlagen)

– and this is

  • time-saving: changes apply instantly to the whole document
  • versatile
  • permits consistent formatting
  • permits easy conversion into other media
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Typical paragraph styles

  • Default/Standard (predefined - the granddad of all styles)
  • Pre-Title (user-defined)
  • Title (predefined but modified),
  • Subtitle (predefined but modified),
  • Author (user-defined),
  • Version (user-defined),
  • Heading 1 (i.e. level 1, not the first heading; predefined

but modified),

  • Heading 2 (i.e. subheading of level 2, not the second

heading; predefined but modified),

  • Text body (predefined but modified),
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Style families - property inheritance

  • Similar styles may “inherit” properties from more basic or

general “parent” styles, which they are “linked” to

  • Default - don’t use this - its the granddaddy of all styles!!!

– Title – Heading

  • Heading 1
  • Heading 2
  • ...

– Text body

  • Text body indented
  • LongQuotation
  • Bibliography
  • ...
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DOCUMENT OBJECTS

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Superimposed Document Objects

  • Document

– Filename – ...

  • Page:

– Orientation: portrait, landscape – Margins: top, bottom, left, right

  • Running titles:

– Headers – Footers

  • Fields for insertion into running titles etc.

– Page number – Total number of pages – Date – ...

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Document objects and their properties

Document Name relevant metadata Author relevant metadata Version relevant metadata Page Size sub-attributes: size, top, bottom, left, right margins, header, footer, frame, ... Margin sub-attributes: top, bottom, left, right margin Header special page-linked paragraph type Footer special page-linked paragraph type

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Homework

  • What are text objects?

– Name two, and give typical properties.

  • What are document objects?

– Name one and give typical properties.

  • What are paragraph styles?

– Name two types of paragraph – For each type, give their typical properties