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Introduction to Computer Architecture and Digital Logic I
Fall 2013 Carola Wenk
What’s In There?
Every modern computational device has a von Neumann architecture.
1990s Present-day 1980s 1940s
Introduction to Computer Architecture and Digital Logic I Fall - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Introduction to Computer Architecture and Digital Logic I Fall - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Introduction to Computer Architecture and Digital Logic I Fall 2013 Carola Wenk Whats In There? 1940s 1980s 1990s Present-day Every modern computational device has a von Neumann architecture. Whats In There? von Neumann
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SLIDE 3
What’s In There?
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von Neumann Architecture
Every modern computational device has a von Neumann architecture.
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von Neumann Architecture
Every modern computational device has a von Neumann architecture.
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von Neumann Architecture
Every modern computational device has a von Neumann architecture.
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von Neumann Architecture
Every modern computational device has a von Neumann architecture.
CPU
(central processing unit)
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Where is the CPU? Where is the memory? What are the I/O devices?
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Where is the CPU? Where is the memory? What are the I/O devices?
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Where is the CPU? Where is the memory? What are the I/O devices?
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Where is the CPU? Where is the memory? What are the I/O devices?
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What’s in a CPU?
Intel Pentium MMX (1990s)
Output Input
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CPU History
Intel 4004 (1971)
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CPU History
Intel 386 (1985)
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CPU History
Intel Pentium (1993)
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CPU History
Intel Itanium (2001)
CPUs have gotten smaller, but what is actually being miniaturized?
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Modern CPUs
Processor Memory
Side-view of ARM A4 Top-view of processor layer
images courtesy of ifixit.com
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CPU Architecture
Every CPU has an instruction set; a computer program consists of a sequence of these instructions. Programs are loaded into the CPU and instructions are executed one at a time. Memory CPU
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CPU Architecture
Every CPU has an instruction set; a computer program consists of a sequence of these instructions. Programs are loaded into the CPU and instructions are executed one at a time. Memory
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CPU Architecture
Programs are loaded into the CPU and instructions are executed
- ne at a time. The execution of logic components is timed by a
master clock, whose rate determines computation speed.
Memory
Fetch Decode Execute
Program
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CPU Architecture
Programs are loaded into the CPU and instructions are executed
- ne at a time. The execution of logic components is timed by a
master clock, whose rate determines computation speed.
Memory
Fetch Decode Execute
z=x+y
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What is an “Instruction”?
Let’s consider the simple operation of adding two numbers.
add x, y, z
Memory
Adder We retrieve two numbers, add them, and store the result. How do we add them?
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What is an “Instruction”?
Let’s consider the simple operation of adding two numbers.
add x, y, z
Memory
Adder We retrieve two numbers, add them, and store the result. How do we add them? What does the circuit look like?
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What is an “Instruction”?
Let’s consider the simple operation of adding two numbers. Adder
add x, y, z
What is the representation of numbers in a computer?
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What is an “Instruction”?
Let’s consider the simple operation of adding two numbers. Adder
add x, y, z
01010010010 11100100011 Why are numbers represented in binary? How would we add binary numbers?