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Introduction to c Gholamhossein Tavasoli University of Zanjan A Brief History o Compare CD Player from the 1980sand DVD Player made in the last few years o CD Player circuit board is densely lypopulated with integr grat ated cir ircuit its

  1. Introduction to µc Gholamhossein Tavasoli University of Zanjan

  2. A Brief History o Compare CD Player from the 1980sand DVD Player made in the last few years o CD Player circuit board is densely lypopulated with integr grat ated cir ircuit its (chips) o DVD Player circuit board has a lot of empty y spac ace, contains two or three quite large chips

  3. A Brief History o Compare CD Player from the 1980 1980sand DVD Player made in the last few years o CD Player circuit board is densely lypopulated with integr grat ated cir ircuit its (chips) o DVD Player circuit board has a lot of empty y spac ace, contains two or three quite large chips ( better quality and robustness ) o This transformation is due to two main factors  The increasing miniaturization of electronics and components • Transistor size in 1970s = 10 microns (human hair average about 100 microns in width) • Transistor size in 2012 = 22 nanometers (in 2014 = 14 nanometer)  The progressive transition from imple lementin ingdevice functions in har ardwar are to imple lementin ing them in softwar are running on microcontrollers

  4. A Brief History o Until the mid-1980s → a lot of chips on a board o Starting in the early 1980s → Microprocessors  Chip count reduced  Reduced manufacturing costs and end-user price  Intel 8080, Zilog Z80 (The earliest 8-bit itmicroprocessors)  Maintenance cost reduced → using semiskilled labor instead of using skilled labor o Microprocessors weren’t a complete magic bullet for bringing down costs and complexity of product design o Problem? → A large number of additional chips for I/O, Clocking, Address decoder and … surrounding the µp µp

  5. A Brief History o 1990s → more circuitry on one chip o Separate external chips integrated with µp → this is called microcontrolle llers (µc) Serial ports ADC (RS232) Microprocessor DAC Timers Input ports Output ports Microcontroller

  6. A Brief History o Another example – Time Bomb Beep Generator

  7. A Brief History o Another example – Time Bomb Beep Generator o Timer 555

  8. A Brief History o Another example – Time Bomb Beep Generator o Timer 555 ASTABLE LE OPERATION

  9. A Brief History o Another example – Time Bomb Beep Generator o Timer 555 o Video 555-Beep-Timer.mp4

  10. A Brief History o Another example – Time Bomb Beep Generator o Timer 555 o µc AV AVR

  11. Why Microcontrollers? o Why Should You Learn About Microcontrollers? → Becau ause they are re fun! o The value of microcontrollers They allow you to extend the benefits of computing into the real world o Desktop Computers (PCs, Macs) v.s. Microcontrollers  The desktop computer is essentially a resourc rce-ri rich computer r for reli liab ably ly processin ing g and storin ing inform rmat atio ion in a network rked world rld.  But, Do you want to be notified when your freezer fails?

  12. Why Microcontrollers? o Desktop  General-purpose big-world stuff, Internet, e-mail, downloading and playing video, …  It has standard USB and serial ports can be used to talk to external microcontroller systems o Microcontroller  Single-purpose stand-alone computer  It performs a particular small-world task, like controlling some lights, measuring the temperature, …  A microcontroller system doesn’t have to be connected to a desktop machine  It can happily work as a complete single-purpose, simple, but still intelligent, stand- alone computer

  13. Microcontrollers PIC (programmable Intelligent Computer)

  14. Microcontrollers PIC (programmable Intelligent Computer) Atmel AVR Microcontroller

  15. Microcontrollers PIC (programmable Intelligent Computer) Atmel AVR Microcontroller ARM

  16. Microcontrollers PIC (programmable Intelligent Computer) Atmel AVR Microcontroller ARM Why AVR? It is fast It is well designed (RISC) It is easy to use It is well supported It is cheap to buy Your Lab has only AVR!

  17. AVR Primary Characteristics Code compatibility between AVR micros (Same RISC processor core) Chip diversity in AVR micro families Same core Different peripherals (ports, timers, amount of flash, RAM memory) Allows the designer to find the right trade-off between features and cost It is Fast running almost each instructions is one cycle (RISC)

  18. Open-Source Hardware Why open source software? Open source hardware is hardware whose design is made publicly available so that anyone can study, modify, distribute, make, and sell the design or hardware based on that design. Video What Is Open Source Hardware.flv

  19. Single Boards for microcontrollers Arduino Netduino Picuino Raspberry Pi

  20. Single Boards for microcontrollers Arduino Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software. It's intended for anyone making interactive projects. Netduino Picuino

  21. Single Boards for microcontrollers Raspberry Pi The Raspberry Pi is a credit-card sized computer that plugs into your TV and a keyboard. It is a capable little computerwhich can be used in electronics projects, and for many of the things that your desktop PC does, like spreadsheets, word-processing and games. It also plays high-definitionvideo. Video eoThe making of Raspberry Pi - CNET.flv Video eo Comparing-the-Arduino-and-Raspberry-Pi.mp4

  22. Internet of Things! The Intern rnet of Thin ings gs(IoT) refers to the interconnection of uniq iquely ly identif ifia iable le embedded computin ing-li like devi viceswithin the existing Internet infrastructure. Video What-is-The-Internet-of-Things.mp4

  23. Course Course Text Book AVR صن تاراشتنا ،زورفا هر ریما سدنهم ،اه نآ یاهدربراک و یاهرلرتنک ورکیم Some Other texts! (Uploaded in Class Page) Course page: http://www.znu.ac.ir/members/gtavasoli/ Quiz: 20% - 30% (It is not fixed!) Midterm Exam: 30 % - 40 % (It is not fixed!) Final Exam: 40 % (It is not fixed!)

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