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Introduction: Toads are in decline Humans have a massive impact - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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How does water quality affect toad populations? Finn Amster, Hari Kumar, and Matt Halper Introduction: Toads are in decline Humans have a massive impact on toad habitats Both terrestrial and aquatic California toad ( Anaxyrus

  1. How does water quality affect toad populations? Finn Amster, Hari Kumar, and Matt Halper

  2. Introduction: Toads are in decline ● Humans have a massive impact on toad habitats ● Both terrestrial and aquatic ○ California toad ( Anaxyrus boreas halophilus) : ● Lay eggs at high elevations ○ Need open water for breeding ○ Stripe down the middle of the back ○

  3. Hypotheses: Toad populations will be higher if The temperature is higher ● Nutrient concentration is high ● pH is neutral ●

  4. Procedure: Pick 4 test sites ● Test water quality ● Measure area and depth of body of water ● Catch toads over 15 minutes ● Count, measure, and release ●

  5. Research Site 1: Eutrophic ● Low alkalinity ● Soft ● Site 1

  6. Research Site 2: Eutrophic ● Low alkalinity ● Soft ● Site 2

  7. Research Site 3: Oligotrophic ● Site 3 Low alkalinity ● Very soft ●

  8. Research Site 4: Oligotrophic ● Low alkalinity ● Very soft ● Site 4

  9. Research Sites: Site 1 and 2 Site 3 and 4 Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 and 4

  10. Number of Toads Site Number Site 2 Site 1 Site 3

  11. Toad size and population by site: T-test, size: site 1 and 2 p = 0.0886 ● Number of toads and Toad Size * Site

  12. TDS: ● Positive correlation Number of toads Total Dissolved Solids (ppm)

  13. pH: ● Strong positive correlation ● Unexpected but probably due to natural geographical water pH ● Water tends to be around 8 pH Number of toads

  14. Hardness: ● Strong positive correlation Number of toads Hardness (ppm)

  15. Size of pond: - Positive correlation - Number of toads per cubic meter are somewhat proportional Size of pond (cubic meters) Number of toads

  16. Discussion: Main trends pH ● Pool size ● Hardness ● TDS ●

  17. Hypotheses: Revisited Toad populations will be higher if The temperature is higher ● Nutrient concentration is high ● pH is neutral ●

  18. How do Humans Relate to Toads and their Survival? Human waste greatly affects water sources ● Runoff from sewage, fertilizers, industrial manufacturing, etc. ○ Small changes in ponds have big impact on toad ● populations

  19. Going Forward: Improvements and Sources of Error: More data points ● Test temperature throughout the day ● Further Questions: Cause of elevated pH in Tahoe ● Specific human activity impacting toads ●

  20. Questions?

  21. Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Site 4 Water Temp (°C): 9.7 12.8 16 14.5 Air Temp (°C): 24.2 24.2 24.2 24.2 pH: 8.4 8 7.7 7.6 TDS (ppm): 182 183 29 30 Turbidity (cm): 122 122 122 72 Nitrite (ppm): 0.5 0.5 0 0 Size of Pond (m 3 ): 123.5 19.8 15.8 1.6 Alkalinity (ppm): 1.5 2 7 4.8 Hardness (ppm): 100 50 0 0 Depth (m): 65.2 17.6 39.3 16.5 Number of Toads: 17 7 1 0 Avg. Size (cm): 2.1 1.8 11.5 0

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