International Webinar Release of Impact and Policy Research - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
W eb P olicy T alk International Webinar Release of Impact and Policy Research Institute (IMPRI) in association with Centre for International Design and Planning (CIDP), University of Florida (UF), USA Zoom Webinar| May 27, 2020 | 18:00 IST
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Research Team: Balwant Singh Mehta, Arjun Kumar, Simi Mehta, Soumyadip Chattopadhyay, Indu Prakash Singh, Anshula Mehta and Ritika Gupta
Web Policy Talk International Webinar
Impact and Policy Research Institute (IMPRI) in association with Centre for International Design and Planning (CIDP), University of Florida (UF), USA
Zoom Webinar| May 27, 2020 | 18:00 IST (+5:30 GMT) Release of
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The impact of the novel coronavirus is unprecedented as more than 100 countries have instituted partial or full lockdown affecting more than a billion people at any given time. India, with 1.3 billion people, had the largest population under complete lockdown. The lockdown in India has been particularly difficult for CityMakers - the urban poor, especially those engaged in the unorganized sector and living in informal settlements.
The purp purpose of
Survey was as to
understand the impli licatio ions of
urban poor poor, in n terms s of
, ac access s to
basic fac acilitie ies and and go government assis assistance, , mental well ll-being, and and prep preparedness ss.
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Access to Basic Amenities Immediate Health and Education Concerns Preparedness for the Prevention of Pandemic Work and Livelihood State of Mental Well-Being Coverage and Access to Government Support Programs/ Welfare Schemes
To understand the impact of COVID-19 and the unprecedented lockdown on normal life and work of the CityMakers
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Methodology
citizenry
Support
About the Family: Living Condition and Wellbeing Life in the Time of Corona and Lockdown Government Welfare Measures: Linkages and Outreach Life After the Lockdown: Perception and Preparedness
Da Dates s of
Survey May 7, 2020 to May 17, 2020
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City/Metropolitan Region Number of Respondents Delhi 742 Visakhapatnam Metropolitan Region 484 Pune Metropolitan Region 261 Kolkata Metropolitan Area 188 Mumbai Metropolitan Region 160 Ranchi 146
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Ahmedabad Metropolitan Region Anantapur Bhopal Bhubaneswar Chennai Metropolitan Region Gurugram Gwalior Hyderabad Metropolitan Region Indore Jaipur Metropolitan Region Raipur Rohtak Thrissur …and many more
Other Cities Covered Number of Respondents = 3,121
50+ Cities in 20 Major States
34% responses from Mega Cities (Delhi, Mumbai and Kolkata)
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18-29 years 38% 30-49 years 58% 50-59 years 4%
Age of the Respondents
Female 40% Male 60%
Gender of Respondents
13% 33% 27% 27% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Education Level of the Respondents
Illiterate Below Secondary Secondary & Senior Secondary Graduate & above 42% 58% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Respondents’ Profile on the basis of Migration
Short/Long Term Migrant Non-Migrant
www.impriindia.com 7 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 13% 15% 48% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Source of Drinking Water
Other Mobile Tanker Public dug well/tank Bottle Purchase Own dug well/tank Public hand pump/tube well Public tap Tap in the house/piped water supply
Open defecation 2% Other 2% Community toilet/public toilet 19% Within premises 77%
Latrine/Toilet Use
47% 23% 15% 12% 2% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Type of Locality
Squatter Settlement Un-authorized Colony Non-notified Slum Any other Notified Slum or Colony
LPG/PNG 87% Kerosene 5% Wood/Coal/ Cowdung 7% Other 1%
Type of Cooking Fuel Used
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Respondents’ Rating of Aspects of the Residential Area (on a 5-point scale)
About 29%
Garbage Collection from the house.
About 23%
drains while
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Access to Basic Necessities during the Lockdown
Public transport for health emergency Basic Protective Gear Supplies for hygiene
Reason(s) for Inadequate Supply, if any (during the lockdown) % Shortage/Lack of Cash 58 Hike in Price (above MRP/usual price) 46 Lack of supply 41 Unable to access and procure 38 Digital payment options not active 8 Other 5
Around 60% of the respondents reported an Inadequate Supply
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51% 36% 8% 5% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Type of School or College presently attended by Children, if any
Government Private Both Other
Problem(s) Faced in Children’s Education % No information from School/College 50 Lack of Device 42 Unable to understand through Online/Digital Learning 30 Others 13
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34% 26% 22% 15% 3% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Availability of Health Care Facility
Both Government and Private Private Government More than 2 kilometres away Don't know
68% 13% 8% 5% 3% 3% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Source of Financing Healthcare Expenditure
Household income/savings Borrowing Contribution from friend/relative Have access to govt insurance scheme Others Have private insurance
About 22% of the respondents visit healthcare facility when it becomes critical while
healthcare facility
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81% 24% 75% 15% 8% 18% 4% 69% 7% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Able to maintain personal hygiene Able to work from home Able to follow social distancing and other guidelines
Key Practices during the Lockdown
Yes Somewhat No
47% 37% 16% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Perception regarding maintenance of social distancing in the neighbourhood after lockdown
Yes No Maybe
Practice of Preventive Measures in the Locality
Medium of Information on the Coronavirus %
Television 74 Word of Mouth 59 Online News 37 Whatsapp 37 Social Media 29 Radio 18 Helpline 14 Other 3
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.
45% 45% 55% 55% Sala Salarie ied Job Job Type ype Tempor
/Contractual Permanent 43% 43% 27% 27% 20% 20% 10% 10% Em Employment St Status Casual l L Labou
Sala larie ied J Job Self lf E Emplo loyed Others
74% 67% 38% 26% 33% 62%
Casual l Labour Self lf E Emplo loyed Salaried J Job Los Loss of
Job by y St Status of
Emplo loyment Yes No
Almost three-fourths (73%)
in informal employment
[Low pay, no job security and without any social security benefit]
6 out of 10 (61%) workers reported having lost their job [Due to the lockdown]
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.
68% 13% 19% Livelihood after Lockdown is Lifted
Join the same work (prior to lockdown) Will look for employment Don't Know
Majority rity of respo ponde ndents nts plan n to re
32% 18% 15% 12% 11% 12% Reasons of Loss of Job in the Lockdown
Unable to visit the work location No trade/business activity Closure of factory/shop Closure of construction work Temporary/contract job Others
Main Reasons for Loss of Job were reported to be
Closure of business/ construction work & Being unable to visit the workplace
State e of Mind Stress s due to loss of livelih ihood
(56%) 6%) And not havin ing g enough gh money to pay bills/ s/ren rent t (43%)
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have been able to
reconnect and communicate better with family members
during the lockdown
Major Contributor(s) to Stress during the Lockdown, if any % Earning Livelihood/Losing work 56 Getting the coronavirus myself or someone I care about getting it 46 Not having enough money to pay bills or rent/provide for the family 43 Being unable to buy essential items 41 Not being able to lead a normal life after the lockdown/Insecurity about my future 40 Not having access to healthcare if I or someone I care about got sick 34 Impact on my social life 23 Increased household work 16 Childcare while working from home 7 None of the above 4 Other 3
State(s) of Mind during the Lockdown Period % Anxious or Worried 62 Confused 39 Sad 36 Optimistic 21 Indifferent 15 Other 4
Earn rnin ing g Livelih velihood
Losin sing g Work k is the leadi ading ng contributor to Str tress ess durin ring th the Lock ckdown down, with a 56% prevalence among respondents Watching TV and Talking to Friends and Family were the
most popular ways of
lockdown, among
respondents
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Linkages and Possession of Related Documents
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65% 38% 31% 28% 20% 35% 62% 69% 72% 80% 62% 34% 41% 21% 21% 38% 66% 59% 79% 79% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Aarogya Setu App State Whatsapp Helpline State E-Coupon for Ration State E-Pass Any other government portal/app
Awareness and Usage of Government Portals/Apps related to COVID-19
Aware Not Aware Using, if aware Not using, if aware
37% 64% 15% 39% 45% 63% 36% 85% 61% 55% 90% 99% 93% 90% 97% 10% 1% 7% 10% 3% 60% 64% 27% 47% 55% 6% 20% 3% 4% 3% 34% 16% 69% 49% 41%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
PMGKY Free Ration Extra/Advance Pension Free LPG Cylinder Direct Cash Transfer
Eligibility, Awareness and Receipt of Government Assistance during the Lockdown
Eligible Not Eligible Aware, if eligible Not Aware, if eligible Received Full Received Less than Full Amount Did not receive
ived some form of assistance from civil society/non-governmental
able to easily obtain cash
from the bank
Coverage of different governments schemes is far from being universal and lack
reness ness and elig igibility ibility
are the two major impediments
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Urgent Forms of Assistance required during Lockdown 3.0 % Medical Assistance 57 Groceries 55 Subsidised household supplies 54 Vegetables 49 Cash transfers 48 Better sanitation and hygiene facilities 46 Drinking water 35 Mobile phone/recharge 27 Cooked meals 22
Medica cal l assist stance ce, groceries, eries, subsidi idized ed household
lies, s, vegetable bles, s, cash transfers sfers, and better r sanita tation tion and hygien ene e facili lities ies were the most required forms of urgent assistance during the lockdown, with each being chosen by at least
Assistance Perceived to be Required after Lockdown 3.0 % Free Food/Ration 62 Livelihood Opportunity 54 Cash 50 Access to Affordable Healthcare Facilities 49 Medicines 43 Facilities for Sanitation and Hygiene 42 Assistance in Studying for Children 31 Assured Water Supply 31 Rent Assistance/Rental Voucher 30
Free Food/R /Ration ion, Liveli lihood
rtun uniti ities, s, Cash, and Access ss to Afford rdable le Healthcar care Facili lities ies were perceived to be the most required forms of assistance after the lockdown, with each being chosen by at least
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Thalinomics
quantify what a common person pays for
Veg Platter: Rs. 25 Non-Veg Platter: Rs. 40
In the current health emergency, the PM Gareeb Kalyan Yojana needs to be expanded to ensure people receive:
For this the financial outlays must include: Direct cash transfer of around ₹2000 per person per month (a dollar a day) in addition to the PDS. This is necessary because of the:
crisis.
the existing PDS
by the poorer section given the extension of lockdown and social distancing norms.
for a reorientation of budget 2020-2021 so that the poorest people can benefit during this pandemic.
Enable poor the access to Aarogya Setu App
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The two challenges which respondents reported in the battle against COVID-19 are: Lack of Employment and Lack of Food Supply Challenge 1 Challenge 2
Word Cloud
Unemployment and Lack of Livelihood Opportunities Stress and Contesting for Basic Resources Stress, Anxiety and Rise in Mental Wellbeing Issues Water Shortage in the Summer Diseases pertaining to improper hygiene
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“bank jaakar karei bhi kya jab paise hi nahi hain” “madam agar bahar gaye to corona se marenge aur ghar mai baithe to bhookh se, gareeb to har jagah se marta hai” “bacha sab shukh gaya h bina khane ke” “Bhagwan apne bacho ki ek pariksha le raha hai, bas itni shakti mile ki hum sab milkar safar hoen”
Box Story A widow of two kids lives in VP singh Camp, Tughlaqabad
did not get a salary this time and nor her widow pension. Partially she depends on the food distributed by the state. But she refused to take ration from e-coupen because there is no fuel for cooking and “where to grind 4 kg Wheat, better government would give us 5 kg rice” Her elder son quit his studies and had worked in a company as sanitation workers which refused to give him wages and no money left to them. To ask about why his son chose to work as sanitation workers ? she said in her low voice “madam ji, hum to Balmiki hain, hume to yahi karna hota h” ( madam, we are the Balmikis, we have to do this).
Box Story 70-year-old Osman wept during the survey. He too was the member of that destitute and vulnerable section. The section whose members are referred to as voiceless, faceless and uncounted by many reports and in various news headlines. Mr Usman being the only earning member of the family was rendered jobless due to this
too young to work. A job where he was paid INR 10 for an hour's work. After painting gargantuan gates of his employer or the exploiter he could earn INR 50 from this
Mujhe toh dealer ne 5 kilo nahi 4 kilo rashan diya. Kehta hai ki upar se bola hai kaat ke dene “Ma’am kaise pata hoga ki kya laabh derahi sarkar, koi aata nahi
bhi nahi batate aache se kyuki itne saare log hote hai line mein”
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Greater incidence of unemployment among daily wage workers and casual workers
wage labourers and 62%
workers are reported to be unemployed during lockdown. Inadequate access to basic services increasing city makers’ risks to Covid-19
respondents demanded free ration after the Lockdown ends. This is followed by livelihood
affordable health care facilities, sanitation and hygiene. Setting in of complacency among the CityMakers in practicing preventive measures
reported that unawareness and congestion are the major constraints in ensuring social distancing and hygiene practices during lockdown and the pandemic. Access/coverage of government support programs
governments schemes is far from being universal and lack of awareness and eligibility are the two major impediments
reported that they are not eligible for the programmes introduced by government. Between health and economic well-being, CityMakers emphasizing more on the latter
respondents are worried about Earning Livelihood and Losing Work, and are anxious about how they would feed their families and themselves.
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Local Periodic data are essential for the pandemic preparedness and response New urban agenda focusing on dynamic urban planning processes and empowering the city governments An urban job assurance programme as longer-term policy
the looming economic crisis
Plugging the gaps and expanding the public assistance programs Rights of the CityMakers to the City
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Project Page: http://www.impriindia.com/project-life-in-era-of-covid-19/
Life in the Era of COVID-19: Impact of Lockdown 3.0 on CityMakers
Consultative Study - Life in the Era of COVID-19: Impact of Lockdown on CityMakers
Conducted and Coordinated by With support from
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