SLIDE 1
Information for Action
Protecting the Health of the Nation
Cliff Lake
23 May 2018
2
Information for Action Protecting the Health of the Nation Cliff - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Information for Action Protecting the Health of the Nation Cliff - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Information for Action Protecting the Health of the Nation Cliff Lake 23 May 2018 About PHE 2 About PHE Public Health England is an Executive Agency of the Department of Health and Social Care and is the authoritative voice on all public
SLIDE 2
SLIDE 3
3
About PHE
Public Health England is an Executive Agency of the Department of Health and Social Care and is the authoritative voice on all public health
- matters. Where PHE’s scientists, public health
professionals and operational experts provide expert knowledge, information and a strong credible evidence base to support local and national services, inform Government policy, improve outcomes and protect the health of the nation.
SLIDE 4
4
About PHE
- PHEs remit includes supporting the national
response to the risk and harm from infectious diseases, environmental hazards, chemical, radiological and biological incidents as well as addressing global threats to public health.
- PHE is a category 1 responder collecting data
from various sources to manage Cases, Incidents, Outbreaks, Situations and
- Emergencies. We provide a real-time view of
situations.
- We hold the definitive record of PHEs responses
to public health risk & hazards etc
SLIDE 5
5
About PHE
SLIDE 6
6
About PHE
PHE reuse data:
- To inform local authorities of the risks to their
populations
- Provide reports to DHSC & Cabinet office
- SitReps for STAC & COBR etc
- Field service support in collaboration
- Microbiology & virology research
- Epidemiological studies, information for
action
SLIDE 7
Case Study
Cholera Outbreak London
1813 - 1854
SLIDE 8
8
Dr John Snow
Born in York 15 March 1813 was an English physician who is widely considered as one of the fathers of modern epidemiology. His findings inspired fundamental changes in the water and waste systems of London, which led to similar changes in other cities, and a significant improvement in general public health around the world
SLIDE 9
9
Cholera - Case Data
- 1831 to 1854 Cholera outbreak in London
- Deaths ran into thousands
- Mortality was approx. 60% of those infected
- Snow did not accept the “miasma” (bad air)
theory, he believed Cholera was transmitted through consuming contaminated water
- 1844 – London public stats released
- 1854 - 500 fatal cases recorded in ten days
within the area of Soho
- Using public records Snow created a
geographical map to chart deaths
SLIDE 10
10
Investigation Data Collection
- Investigated the deaths and those who
became sick
- Investigated people who did not become sick
- Workhouse in Soho had 535 inmates but
almost no cases of cholera.
- Brewery on Broad Street with no deaths
- Snow discovered the workhouse had its own
well and bought water from the Grand Junction Water Works
- Others used the Broad Street pump
- White flecks floating in water samples taken
from the pump in Broad Street
SLIDE 11
11
Epidemic Data Map -1854
SLIDE 12
12
Epidemic Data Map -1854
SLIDE 13
13
Map with Pumps Overlaid
SLIDE 14
14
Constraints
- Little or no support for his ‘Germ’ theory
- Could not prove that cholera was disease of
the gut
- Unable to check for leaking pipes
- Could not prove cholera was not transmitted
through the air
- The data map did not take into account the
number of people living in the area
- No accounting for exposed persons living in
the area and who were at risk
SLIDE 15
15
Conclusion & Action
- Snow’s assessment from the evidence
collected and the mapping suggested that the source of the outbreak came from the pump
- n Broad Street.
- On 7 September 1854, Snow took his
research and epidemiological data to the town officials and convinced them to take the handle off the pump, making it impossible to draw water from it
- After removal of the pump handle cases of
cholera immediately began to diminish
SLIDE 16
16
Extract from Snow’s Report
SLIDE 17
17
Broadwick Street Pump Today
SLIDE 18
18
Vibrio cholera
SLIDE 19
19
Data needed to protect
- Personal social demographical information
- Gender, ethnicity etc
- Geography - home, work contextual setting
- Social behaviour & lifestyle choices
- Recent travel and mobility
- Contact information
- Pathogen, disease, organism specificity etc
- Date of onset
- Some clinical notes such as underlying
issues, vaccinations, allergies, contra indications etc
SLIDE 20
Pandemic
Not if – When?
SLIDE 21
21
Pandemic
What was the deadliest event
- f the last 100 years?
SLIDE 22
22
Virus
SLIDE 23
23
Virus
SLIDE 24
24
How it Spreads
Person to Person Communicable Disease
SLIDE 25
25
How Quickly it Spreads
SLIDE 26
26