INF5470 Spring 2010 Philipp Hfliger Lecture 2: Neurophysiology in - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

INF5470 — Spring 2010

Philipp Häfliger Lecture 2: Neurophysiology in a Nutshell

Content

Overview Methods Known Properties

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Content

Overview Methods Known Properties

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Overview

method test subjects

• bservation area
• temp. res.
• spat. res.

Psycho-physics alert humans EEG alert humans patches of brain surface ms cm2 fMRI and PET alert humans brain cross-sections 40ms 5mm3 Extra Cellular Electrode alert test animals neighbourhood of neurons µs 0.13mm3 Intra Cellular Electr. anesthetized test animals, slice preparations

• ne neuron

µs 103µm3 Fluorescent Tracers anesthetized test animals, slice preparations a dendritic tree ? < µm

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Content

Overview Methods Known Properties

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Psychophysics (1/3)

Measuring human performance in special tasks in order to make conclusions on physiology. Examples:

◮ reaction times in deciding whether there is food in a

picture.

◮ optical illusions ◮ attention tasks:

http://viscog.beckman.uiuc.edu/flashmovie/15.php

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Psychophysics (2/3) (Do you spot an animal?)

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Psychophysics (3/3)

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EEG (1/2)

Electro-encephalogram: Surface electrodes on skin, measuring correlated activity of a population of neurons.

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EEG (2/2)

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fMRI and PET (1/2)

fMRI (functional magnet resonance imaging)and PET (positron emission tomography) measure indicators of neuron activity like increased bloodflow and oxygene consumption

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fMRI and PET (2/2)

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Extra Cellular Electrodes/Field Potentials

Electrodes in the brain tissue that record field potentials caused by the surrounding neurons. Reconstruction methods are sometimes able to isolate activity of individual neurons.

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Intra Cellular Electrodes (1/2)

Sharp electrodes and patch clamp electrodes observe activity inside a neuron

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Intra Cellular Electrodes (2/2)

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Imaging with Fluorecent Tracers

For example two photon microscopy to observe dynamics

• f chemicals, e.g. calcium

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Left out here: Methods in Neuroanatomy

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Content

Overview Methods Known Properties

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Brain Parts

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Cortical Regions (1/3)

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Cortical Regions (2/3)

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Cortical Regions (3/3)

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Orgaization within cortical regions (1/3)

Ocular dominance patterns

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Orgaization within cortical regions (2/3)

Ocular dominance patterns

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Orgaization within cortical regions (3/3)

Orientation selection patterns

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Cortical Layers and Microcolumns(1/3)

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Cortical Layers and Microcolumns(2/3)

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Cortical Layers and Microcolumns(3/3)

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Neurons and Synapses

More about those in dedicated lectures

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