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Institute for Environmental Research (IER) Tehran University of Medical Sciences

In the Name of God

Institute for Environmental Research (IER) Sustainable development: access to safe and sufficient water

The title of this panel is:

Water and Health

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Institute for Environmental Research (IER) Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Water Quality and Health

Chair, Center for Water Quality Research (CWQR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Deputy for Research, School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Member of the Academy of Sciences (I.R.Iran)

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Safe drinking water is treated water that has been tested for harmful and potentially harmful substances and has met drinking water quality standards.

Concept of safe drinking water

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 Physical  Biological  Chemical

Drinking water quality- Guidelines/Standards

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Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL)

S tandard authorities

 International Guidelines (WHO, EP

A, European Commission)

 National Standard (the first standard for Iran in 1966)

Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG)

Top 10 causes of death from the environment

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1st

Stroke

2.5 million

2nd

Ischaem aemic ic Hear Heart D Disea isease

2.3 3 million

• n 3rd

Uni nint nten enti tional al inj njur uries

1.7 .7 milli illion

4th

Cancers 1.7 7 millio llion

5th

Chroni nic r respirator tory Diseas ases es 1.4 4 millio llion

6th

Diarrhe heal diseas eases es

846 000 846 000

7th

Respirator

• ry

infectio ions ns

567 000 567 000

8th

Neona

• natal

cond nditions ns

270 000 270 000

9th

Malaria ia

259 000 259 000

10th

intentiona

• nal

Inj njur uries 246 000 246 000

8. 8.2 2 mi million n ou

• ut of
• f 12.

12.6 million dea death ths ca caused by the env environment t , are du e due t e to No Non-Commun unicable D Diseases ( (NC NCDs) In 2018, the global cancer burden is increased to 18.1 million new cases and 9.6 million deaths.

84 8420 2000 deaths

Are caused by inadequate WASH. (Water, Sanitation, Hygiene)

502 02000 000 / / 842000 000 deaths

Are attributed to unsafe and insufficient drinking-water (61% ).

Death statistics from diarrheal diseases due to inadequate drinking-water

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229 229 300 300

207 800 207 800 50 400 50 400 Euro rope

Source: WHO and UNICEF ,2018

Africa ca South

• uth –eas

east t Asi sia Eas aste tern- Mediter erran anean ean America ca 6400 6400 Wester tern- Paci acific 6400 6400 1400 1400

Number of Deaths Low- and middle-income countries by region Diarrheal diseases account for 1 in 9 child deaths worldwide

In Iran:

More than 94% of the people have access to drinking water free from contaminants (Nitrate, fluoride and E.coli): In urban areas: 97% In rural areas: 86% The most important challenge is: No enough integrity in water management .

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Source: ht t p:/ / www.emro.who.int

But in the whole Eastern Mediterranean Region:

Inadequate WASH (Water, Sanitation, Hygiene) conditions account for about:

80,000 annual deaths from diarrheal diseases. 71, 000 annual deaths occur in Afgha

hani nistan an, Pa Paki kistan, Somalia lia, Suda udan and Yem emen en, where WASH conditions are highly deficient.

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Any synthetic or naturally-occurring chemical

• pharmaceuticals,
• personal care products,
• pesticides,
• industrial and household products,
• heavy metals,…

Any microorganism that is not commonly

monitored or regulated (re-emerging diseases due to

resistance to antibiotics)

Emerging Pollutants and Carcinogens in Water

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Topics of this panel:

Water quality and health : Prof. Simin Nasseri Water and infectious diseases : Dr. Patrick Smeets Risk of anthropogenic substances in water : Dr. Nicole Nijhuis Water management policies in Iran : Dr. Masud Tajrishi Challenges of water quantity in Iran : Prof. Alirerza Mesdaghinia Water and disasters : Dr. Amir Hosain Mahvi

Water and Health Panel

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Institute for Environmental Research (IER) Sustainable development: access to safe and sufficient water

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