in the Arab region Prof. Rafia Ghubash 2017 ETHICAL THINKING A - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

• Prof. Rafia Ghubash

2017

Ethical issues facing research integrity in the Arab region

TWAS – ARO Roundtable on Responsible Science

28-29 November 2017 Bibliotheca Alexandrina Conference Center

ETHICAL THINKING

– A shift from seeing oneself as the moral universe (egocentrism) to following social rules (e.g. one should stick to the speed limit) to holding reasoned principles (e.g. one should adjust one’s car speed for the benefit of other road users even in the absence of a speed limit).

Figure 1. Indicators of progression in ethical reasoning.

Main ethics issues

The main areas that are addressed during the Ethics Appraisal procedure and in the Ethics Self-Assessment guidance document include:

• 1. Human embryos and foetuses
• 2. Human beings
• 3. Human cells or tissues
• 4. Personal data
• 5. Animals
• 6. Non-EU countries
• 7. Environment, health & safety
• 8. Dual use
• 9. Exclusive focus on civil applications
• 10. Potential misuse of research results
• 11. Other ethics issues

This presentation shall neither be binding nor construed as constituting commitment by the European Commission

1-Ethics issues Checklist: 2- How do I deal with the issues? Self-Assessment Guidance Key Document

H2020-ITN-2016 Coordinators Day

Ethics & Research Integrity

Timea BALOGH

Research Executive Agency Unit REA-A1

First Epidemiological study in UAE 1988 -1992

Summary of Diagnostic Breakdown of Cases According to ICD-9 Coding Categories Depressive Disorders 13.7% Anxiety Disorders 7.0% Psychotic Disorders 1.9% Total Mental Disorders Rates 22.7% Northern European Countries 7.5 to 12.2 Mediterranean 19.4 to 22.6 United Arab Emirates 22.7 Africa 27.0 Prevalence Rates Comparison of Mental Disorders in Females in Different Populations

Prevalence Rates of Mental Disorders in Females in Dubai

1st Study:

Attitude- behaviour Difference in Socio-Cultural Change Scores in Relation to Psychiatric Morbidity Group Non-cases Cases N % N % A 30 62.5 18 37.5 B 66 78.6 18 21.4 C 74 83.1 15 16.9 D 53 79.1 14 20.9

2 = 8.0, df = 3, p = 0.047

Minus values: bahaviour score is more than attitude score Plus values: attitude score is more than bahaviour score Group a: attitude index-behaviour index >0.1 Group b: attitude index-behaviour index 0 to <0.1 Group c: attitude index-behaviour index <0 to –0.1 Group d: attitude index-behaviour index <-0.1

Post Partum Psychiatric Morbidity: The Dubai Study

Psychiatric Morbidity- Prevalence of caseness

• (SRQ>6) 24.5%
• (1st Week ) using (EPDS) 17.8%
• (8th week) using (PSE) 15.8%
• (30th week) using (PSE) 4.2%

(Rafia Ghubash, and M. T. Abou-Saleh et al) 2nd Study:

3rd Study:

Community-Based Psychiatric Survey in the UAE: Al-Ain Study – 1998

Overall rate 7% Women 22% Men 24% Depressive Disorder Male Female Overall

2.5% 9.5%

6.0%

(Prof. M. T. Abou-Saleh, Dr. Rafia Ghuvash and Dr. Tewfik Daradkeh) 3rd Study:

Measuring the Health of the Nation

United Arab Emirates Health & Lifestyle Survey 2000 (UAEHALS2000)

• Describe health status of UAE nationals
• Assess life style including diet, physical activity and smoking
• Study health care utilization
• Compare findings with other regional & international surveys

Objectives Acknowledgement

1.UAE University – financial support 2.Ministry of planning, central dept. of statistics – sample, data collection in Abu-Dhabi 3.Ministry of health & Ministry of Interior – data collection in Al-Ain and Abu-Dhabi

4th Study:

Many More …

17

International publications per year (1996-1999)

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Saudi UAE Tunis Egypt Kuwait Morroco Lebanon Jordan

Ethics in Psychiatry

“ETHICS” – What the Word Means

 Ethos () is the root of ethica (), both terms are important for understanding the meaning of right and wrong.  The Greek word ethos refers to the basic orientations or disposition of a person toward life, the word was used to refer to what a person carries within himself

• Interior attitude
• Disposition
• Relationship to him/herself and to the world around him/her
• Ethos, in the sense of a person’s very inner being, is the root or font of all

particular acts.

 Contemporary medical ethics emphasize concern with external acts  Medical ethics in our day, however, is so preoccupied with particular actions that the older, original meaning is ignored.

General and Global Principles

 Respect for human life and recognition of the inherent worth and dignity of individuals and their right to confidentiality.  Respect for persons recognizes all people as autonomous agents and requires that their choices (consent or refusal) be

• bserved.

 Doing good (beneficence) and doing no harm (non- malfeasance) are two complementary ethical principles that impose affirmative duties on researchers to maximize any benefits for subjects and minimize risks to them.  Justice requires that all humans be treated equally.

Basic Concepts in Psychiatric Ethics

• Every patient must be offered:

– Best therapy available – Protection from harm – Proper care.. respecting patient’s autonomy – Informed consent ..The patient must trust the physician to disclose intimate concerns

• Confidentiality:

– Situations, which override confidentiality – Threats to confidentiality – Legal protection of confidentiality

Relationship of Law and Ethics

Central to all medical ethics is the conflict between the autonomy of the patient (e.g. concerning consent) and the duty of care of the doctor (e.g. in negligence, consent to treatment)

– Principle of autonomy i.e. patient has the right to control his/her own body. – The law may also define absence of consent (in spite of patient saying ‘yes’ ) on basis of legal invalidation of ‘apparent consent’. – What does consent mean? – There is no valid (ethical) consent without all elements satisfied. – How do you define each element?

Code of Ethics

• Consider first the well-being of the patient.
• Honor your profession and its traditions.
• Recognize your limitations and the special skills of others in

the prevention and treatment of disease.

• Protect the patient's secrets.
• Teach and be taught.
• Remember that integrity and professional ability should be

your only advertisement.

• Be responsible in setting a value on your services.

The Canadian Medical Association Code of Ethics Annotated for Psychiatrists. Prepared by Clive Mellor, MD

Hawaii Declaration

To obtain the patient's consent before he is presented to a class or meeting. All reasonable measures should be taken to ensure that the anonymity and reputation of the patient is preserved.

Psychiatrist’s Rights

• To refuse to accept a patient
• To discontinue, or arrange alternative

treatment The refusal to accept a patient, or the discontinuation of care, should be adequately explained to a patient beforehand, and the alternatives which are available to the patient discussed.

“Societies that discriminate by gender pay a high price in their ability to develop”

The World Bank

(Engendering Development, 2002 )

International and regional initiatives for the empowerment of women scientists

 Gender advisory board

 The IPAZIA UNESCO program  UNIFEM Arab States Regional Office (UNIFEM ASRO)  L’Oreal for Women in Science  UNESCO chairs “Women, science and Technology”  Third World Organization for Women in Science (TWOWS)  ESCWA Centre for women  International Network of Women Engineers and scientists (INWES)

“Data bases for Arab women specialized in S&T should be created and a periodical bibliography giving their curriculum vitae and achievements should be prepared. The information gathered should be circulated between Arab countries and international

• rganizations through information networks such as the Internet .

”

“The interaction of Arab Women with Science and Technology”- The Abu Dhabi Declaration

September 2003

 A regional meeting was held in Cairo in which it was decided that an Arab Network for Women in Science and Technology (ANWST) would be established.

2003-2004

Two preparatory meetings were then held at the Arabian Gulf University  Representatives from academic institutions, NGOs and private sector were invited to participate in these meetings

Launching the ANWST network :

February 6-7, 2005 The Arab Network for Women in Science and Technology was launched in Arabian Gulf University in the Kingdom of Bahrain under the patronage of H.H. Shaikha Sabeeka Bint Ibrahim Al-Khalifa, Wife of His Majesty the King of Bahrain and Chairwoman of the Supreme Council of Women

ANWST: Goal To build an integrated scientific community capable of meeting the challenges of sustainable development in the Arab Region through empowering women and strengthening their effective participation and contribution in science, technology and innovation.

ANWST: Objectives



Crafting strategies,



Build bridges



Enhance awareness



Capacity building of Arab women



Training opportunities



Serve as a catalyst

ANWST : To achieve

 Fostered participation of young women in the field of science and technology.  Acknowledged presence of Arab women in the management of public and private sector endeavors.  Strengthened collaboration and improved communication among women scientists in the Arab region.  Enhanced visibility of Arab women scientists in scientific societies and professional meetings.  Increased training and research opportunities to Arab women, especially marginalized/underprivileged, through study grants and fellowships.

Election of the first ANWST executive board ( 2005

)

ANWST Meeting in Alexandria : March 2005

SCIENCE

29 April 2005

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Washington DC, U.S.A .

Volume 308, number 5722, page 629

Not alone. As one of only two women to lead a university in the Arab world, epidemiological psychiatrist Rafia Ghubash belongs to an exclusive club. But the 49-year-old president of the Arabian Gulf University (AGU) in Bahrain is working hard to lose that status. This month Ghubash launches a network to help more women scientists attain leadership positions and to attract more women into

• science. The initial goal will be "to simply make them aware of how

many they are and provide role models," says Ghubash. That awareness, she hopes, will counter pressure on women with undergraduate science degrees to become "teachers, nurses, or to drop

• ut entirely to raise families".

Only a few hundred women from the 22 Arab countries have signed up for the network so far, but Ghubash expects "at least a million" after its

• fficial launch at a meeting of women scientists at AGU on 15 May. A

Web site based at AGU will hold forums on issues such as gender bias and feature a scientific newsletter. In a few months, women will be able to post their CVs online and hunt for scholarships and jobs. CREDIT: ARABIAN GULF UNIVERSITY Pioneers

Challenges facing ANWST

Initial Challenges :



To agree on the definition

• f “ women scientists”



To develop a mechanism for an effective fund- raising campaign.

Today ....



To be able to accommodate the flood

• f interest and

enthusiasm from Arab women scientists in ANWST since the launching of the network .

Arab Network for Women in Science and Technology

Presented by: Professor Rafia Ghubash Former President of Arabian Gulf University President-ANWST Executive Board

A catalyst for empowering Arab women in science and technology

ANWST: Where do we go from here?