In-Situ Test Measurement Techniques within Railway Track - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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In-Situ Test Measurement Techniques within Railway Track - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Dec 24, 2022 116 likes •862 views

In-Situ Test Measurement Techniques within Railway Track Structures Jerry G. Rose, PE Justin S. Anderson, EI Professor of Civil Engineering Project Engineer 261 OH Raymond Building HDR Engineering, Inc. University of Kentucky 9987 Carver

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SLIDE 1

In-Situ Test Measurement Techniques within Railway Track Structures

Justin S. Anderson, EI Project Engineer HDR Engineering, Inc. 9987 Carver Road Cincinnati, OH 45242 513/984-7598 Justin.Anderson@hdrinc.com Jerry G. Rose, PE Professor of Civil Engineering 261 OH Raymond Building University of Kentucky Lexington, KY 40506-0281 859/257-4278 jrose@engr.uky.edu

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SLIDE 2

Topics to be Discussed

  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Previous Pressure/Deflection Measurement

Techniques

  • 3. Tekscan Measurement System
  • 4. In-Situ Tests
  • 5. Findings and Conclusions
  • 6. Recommendations for Future Research
  • 7. Acknowledgements
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SLIDE 3

Introduction

  • Railroads need to be in a state of constant

improvement.

  • Competition from trucking, airfreight, and
  • thers.
  • Reducing expenses on the costly

infrastructure important.

  • Understanding the forces within the track

structure is a critical first step.

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SLIDE 4

Topics to be Discussed

  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Previous Pressure/Deflection Measurement

Techniques

  • 3. Tekscan Measurement System
  • 4. In-Situ Tests
  • 5. Findings and Conclusions
  • 6. Recommendations for Future Research
  • 7. Acknowledgements
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SLIDE 5

Pressure Cell

  • Geokon Model 3500-2
  • 9 in. Diameter
  • Strain Gage
  • Snap-Master
  • Thermistor
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SLIDE 6

Cell Placement on Asphalt

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SLIDE 7
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SLIDE 8

Cell Location at Richmond

2 1 4 3

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SLIDE 9
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SLIDE 10

5 10 15 20 25 30 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

Initial 2 Cars 2 6-Axle Locomotives

5 10 15 20 25 30 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

2 6-Axle Locomotives Initial 2 Cars

5 10 15 20 25 30 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

2 6-Axle Locomotives Initial 2 Cars

5 10 15 20 25 30 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

2 6-Axle Locomotives Initial 2 Cars

Loaded Coal Train at Richmond

P-Cell 822 C/L Track and Tie P-Cell 820 Beneath Rail and Tie P-Cell 821 C/L Track in Crib P-Cell 819 Beneath Rail in Crib

Time (s) Time (s) Time (s) Time (s) Pressure (psi) Pressure (psi) Pressure (psi) Pressure (psi)

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SLIDE 11

5 10 15 20 25 30 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 5 10 15 20 25 30 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 5 10 15 20 25 30 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

5 10 15 20 25 30 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Initial 2 Cars Initial 2 Cars Initial 2 Cars Initial 2 Cars 1 6-Axle Loco 1 4-Axle Loco 1 6-Axle Loco 1 4-Axle Loco 1 6-Axle Loco 1 4-Axle Loco 1 6-Axle Loco 1 4-Axle Loco

Loaded Auto Train at Richmond

P-Cell 822 C/L Track and Tie P-Cell 820 Beneath Rail and Tie P-Cell 821 C/L Track in Crib P-Cell 819 Beneath Rail in Crib

Time (s) Time (s) Time (s) Time (s) Pressure (psi) Pressure (psi) Pressure (psi) Pressure (psi)

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SLIDE 12

Loaded Concrete Truck at Richmond

P-Cell 820 Beneath Rail and Tie

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Time (s) Pressure (psi)

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SLIDE 13

Cell Location at Lackey

3

2 1 4 High Rail Low Rail

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SLIDE 14

5 10 15 20 25 30 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 5 10 15 20 25 30 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Initial 2 Cars 2 6-Axle Locomotives

5 10 15 20 25 30 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Initial 2 Cars 2 6-Axle Locomotives

5 10 15 20 25 30 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Initial 2 Cars 2 6-Axle Locomotives

Loaded Coal Train at Lackey

P-Cell 207 Beneath Low Rail and Tie P-Cell 511 Beneath High Rail and Tie P-Cell 806 C/L Track and Tie P-Cell 510 Beneath High Rail and Tie

Time (s) Time (s) Time (s) Time (s) Pressure (psi) Pressure (psi) Pressure (psi) Pressure (psi)

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SLIDE 15

5 10 15 20 25 30 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 5 10 15 20 25 30 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 5 10 15 20 25 30 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 5 10 15 20 25 30 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Initial 2 Cars Initial 2 Cars Initial 2 Cars Initial 2 Cars 2 6-Axle Locomotives 2 6-Axle Locomotives 2 6-Axle Locomotives 2 6-Axle Locomotives

Empty Coal Train at Lackey

P-Cell 207 Beneath Low Rail and Tie P-Cell 511 Beneath High Rail and Tie P-Cell 806 C/L Track and Tie P-Cell 510 Beneath High Rail and Tie

Time (s) Time (s) Time (s) Time (s) Pressure (psi) Pressure (psi) Pressure (psi) Pressure (psi)

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SLIDE 16

P-Cell 511 Beneath Rail and Tie

5 10 15 20 25 30 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150

Time (s) Pressure (psi)

Flat Wheel on an Empty Coal Train at Lackey

2 6-Axle Locomotives 95 Empty Cars

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SLIDE 17

Loaded Coal Truck at Lackey

P-Cell 510 Beneath High Rail and Tie

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Time (s) Pressure (psi)

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SLIDE 18

Loaded Coal Truck at Lackey

P-Cell 510 Beneath High Rail and Tie

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Time (s) Pressure (psi)

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SLIDE 19
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SLIDE 20

5 in. HMA Layer on Wood Tie Track

  • 0.4
  • 0.3
  • 0.2
  • 0.1

0.1 0.2 0.3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Time (s) Deflection (in.)

2 6-Axle Locos Initial 7 Cars

Loaded Coal Train at Conway

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SLIDE 21

HMA Layer on Concrete Tie Track

  • 0.4
  • 0.3
  • 0.2
  • 0.1

0.1 0.2 0.3 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 Time (s) Deflection (in)

2 6-Axle Locos Initial 6 Cars

Loaded Coal Train at Brush Creek

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SLIDE 22

Topics to be Discussed

  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Previous Pressure/Deflection Measurement

Techniques

  • 3. Tekscan Measurement System
  • 4. In-Situ Tests
  • 5. Findings and Conclusions
  • 6. Recommendations for Future Research
  • 7. Acknowledgements
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SLIDE 23

Geokon Pressure Cell

Ballast Subballast/HMA Wooden Tie Subgrade

Geokon Pressure Cell Tekscan Sensor Tekscan Sensor

Geokon Pressure Cell Pressure Cell Tekscan Sensor

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SLIDE 24
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SLIDE 25
  • Matrix-based sensor ≈ 0.1 mm thick
  • Semi-conductive pressure sensitive ink
  • Connected to lead wires
  • Results in pressure distribution (inversely

proportional to resistivity).

  • 8-bit system (0-255 raw sum)

Source: http://www.tekscan.com/technology.html

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SLIDE 26

Source: http://www.tekscan.com/technology.html

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SLIDE 27

Topics to be Discussed

  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Previous Pressure/Deflection Measurement

Techniques

  • 3. Tekscan Measurement System
  • 4. In-Situ Tests
  • 5. Findings and Conclusions
  • 6. Recommendations for Future Research
  • 7. Acknowledgements
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SLIDE 28

In-Track Test

  • Two subsequent tests
  • TTI Rail Yard Paris, KY:

– Evaluate different types of tie plates – machined steel, polyurethane, and rubber – Measure distributing effects of the rail

  • Conway, KY

– Evaluate higher speed trains – Additional test to support TTI findings – Test at the Tie Plate/ Tie Interface

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SLIDE 29

Scale in PSI

This represents a typical pressure distribution between a steel tie plate and the rail.

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SLIDE 30

Scale in PSI

This represents a typical pressure distribution between a machined steel tie plate and the rail with an included rubber bladder.

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SLIDE 31

Scale in PSI

This represents a typical pressure distribution between a polyurethane plastic tie plate and the rail.

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SLIDE 32

Scale in PSI

This represents a typical pressure distribution between a rubber tie plate and the rail.

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SLIDE 33

TTI Railroad Locomotive

Wheel Load Distribution At Rail Base / Tie Plate Interface August 1, 2003 Poly Tie Plate

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SLIDE 34

5 Ties Before the Lead Wheel

F = 2316 lbf, P = 48 psi

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SLIDE 35

4 Ties Before the Lead Wheel

F = 4149 lbf, P = 86 psi

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SLIDE 36

3 Ties Before the Lead Wheel

F = 7501 lbf, P = 156 psi

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SLIDE 37

2 Ties Before the Lead Wheel

F = 12915 lbf, P = 269 psi

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SLIDE 38

1 Tie Before the Lead Wheel

F = 17626 lbf, P = 367 psi

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SLIDE 39

Lead Wheel Over Sensor

F = 20985 lbf, P = 437 psi

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SLIDE 40

1 Tie After the Lead Wheel

F = 19623 lbf, P = 410 psi

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SLIDE 41

2 Ties After the Lead Wheel

F = 18007 lbf, P = 375 psi

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SLIDE 42

3 Ties After the Lead Wheel

F = 17782 lbf, P = 370 psi

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SLIDE 43

4 Ties After the Lead Wheel

F = 18131 lbf, P = 378 psi

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SLIDE 44

5 Ties After the Lead Wheel

F = 13139 lbf, P = 275 psi

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SLIDE 45

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 5 Ties Before Sensor 4 Ties Before Sensor 3 Ties Before Sensor 2 Ties Before Sensor 1 Tie Before Sensor Directly Above Sensor 1 Ties Past Sensor 2 Ties Past Sensor 3 Ties Past Sensor 4 Ties Past Sensor 5 Ties Past Sensor Lead Wheel Position Average Pressure (psi)

Positioning of Lead Wheel with Respect to Sensor Snapshot of the Lead Wheel Directly above the Sensor Lead Wheel Over Sensor

F = 20985 lbf, P = 437 psi

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SLIDE 46

CSXT Locomotive at Conway

Wheel Load Distribution At Rail Base / Tie Plate Interface August 7, 2003 Poly Tie Plate

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SLIDE 47

5 Ties Before the Lead Wheel

F = 4828 lbf, P = 100 psi

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SLIDE 48

4 Ties Before the Lead Wheel

F = 5870 lbf, P = 122 psi

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SLIDE 49

3 Ties Before the Lead Wheel

F = 9940 lbf, P = 207 psi

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SLIDE 50

2 Ties Before the Lead Wheel

F = 14136 lbf, P = 295 psi

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SLIDE 51

1 Ties Before the Lead Wheel

F = 19171 lbf, P = 400 psi

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SLIDE 52

Lead Wheel Over Sensor

F = 25372 lbf, P = 529 psi

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SLIDE 53

1 Ties After the Lead Wheel

F = 25446 lbf, P = 530 psi

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SLIDE 54

2 Ties After the Lead Wheel

F = 25986 lbf, P = 541 psi

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SLIDE 55

3 Ties After the Lead Wheel

F = 27002 lbf, P = 562 psi

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SLIDE 56

4 Ties After the Lead Wheel F =

27730 lbf, P = 578 psi

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SLIDE 57

5 Ties After the Lead Wheel

F = 27159 lbf, P = 566 psi

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SLIDE 58

6 Ties After the Lead Wheel

F = 26179 lbf, P = 545 psi

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SLIDE 59

7 Ties After the Lead Wheel

F = 26725 lbf, P = 557 psi

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SLIDE 60

8 Ties After the Lead Wheel

F = 25313 lbf, P = 527 psi

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SLIDE 61

9 Ties After the Lead Wheel

F = 19259 lbf, P = 401 psi

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SLIDE 62

10 Ties After the Lead Wheel

F = 12234 lbf, P = 255 psi

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SLIDE 63

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 10 Ties Before Sensor 8 Ties Before Sensor 6 Tie Before Sensor 4 Ties Before Sensor 2 Ties Before Sensor Directly Above Sensor 2 Ties Past Sensor 4 Ties Past Sensor 6 Ties Past Sensor 8 Ties Past Sensor 10 Ties Past Sensor Lead Wheel Position Average Pressure (psi)

Positioning of Lead Wheel with Respect to Sensor Snapshot of the Lead Wheel Directly above the Sensor

Lead Wheel Over Sensor

F = 25372 lbf, P = 529 psi

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SLIDE 64
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SLIDE 65

Rear Tires of Tractor of a 151,000 lb Loaded Coal Truck on Concrete Crossing of Kentucky Coal Terminal, Mile Post 6.6. May 25, 2004 9842 lb 72.93 in^2 135 psi

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SLIDE 66
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SLIDE 67

Front Tire of a CSXT Suburban on Asphalt Parking Lot in Ashland Oil

  • Company. May 25, 2004

1652 lb 75 PSI 22.15 in^2

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SLIDE 68

Rear Tire of a CSXT Suburban on Asphalt Parking Lot in Ashland Oil Company. May 25, 2004 2197 lb 81 PSI 27.15 in^2

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SLIDE 69

Topics to be Discussed

  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Previous Pressure/Deflection Measurement

Techniques

  • 3. Tekscan Measurement System
  • 4. In-Situ Tests
  • 5. Findings and Conclusions
  • 6. Recommendations for Future Research
  • 7. Acknowledgements
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SLIDE 70

Findings and Conclusions

  • Tekscan Sensors are applicable for in-track

railroad tests.

  • The repeatability of Tekscan allows for the

correlation between in-track and laboratory tests.

  • Possible to get non-intrusive measurements at

rail/plate/tie interfaces simultaneously.

  • The data can be collected and processed into

meaningful information.

  • Augments accepted pressure measurement

technology for obtaining pressures down in track structure.

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SLIDE 71

Topics to be Discussed

  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Previous Pressure/Deflection Measurement

Techniques

  • 3. Tekscan Measurement System
  • 4. In-Situ Tests
  • 5. Findings and Conclusions
  • 6. Recommendations for Future Research
  • 7. Acknowledgements
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SLIDE 72

Recommendation for Future Research

  • Curve Geometry Verification
  • Crossing Diamond Impact Study
  • Understanding Forces at Rail/Highway Grade

Crossings

  • Measure forces at various structural components

(i.e. bridge bearings, pile groups, etc.)

  • Improve overall understanding of track modulus

by measuring pressures at interfaces.

  • Many More…
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SLIDE 73

Acknowledgements