In Situ Stem Psychrometer: Concept to Automation Mike Dixon - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

In Situ Stem Psychrometer: Concept to Automation

Mike Dixon University of Guelph

Investigating contributions of plants to human life support in space

Environmental Sciences Symposium, January 21, 2012

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Atmosphere Management Biodegradable/recyclable Plant Growth Media Attributes of Candidate Crops Non-toxic Residue Disinfection Root Zone Oxygen Control Recycling Nutrient Solution Environment Sensor Requirements Supplementary Lighting Systems Hypobaric Plant Growth Chambers Mars Analog Studies (Devon Island)

Areas of Research

How low can we go?

Reduced Atmospheric Pressure

Reduced Pressure Time Lapse

Reduced Pressure

• Monitors plant water status

continuously

• Allows correlations with

environmental variables

• Assesses drought tolerance

and irrigation management

Stem Psychrometers

Original Test Configuration

Calibration Curves: No Temperature Correction

Calibration Curves: Temperature Correction

Components of Water Potential

Ψ = Tp – Π – Τ – g

Where:

Ψ = Total Water Potential Tp = Turgor Pressure Π = Osmotic Potential Τ = Matric Potential G = Gravity

Applications

Forestry

Eucalyptus victrix – Extreme Environment Sequoiadendron giganteum – Tall Trees Thuja occidentalis – Instrument Trials Tsuga canadensis– Correlation with Cavitation

Ornamental Nursery

Efficacy of water stress management Metasequoia glyptostroboides Syringa reticulata Thuja nigra

Field Crops

Coffee – stress & recovery Cotton – sensitivity to soil water potential Corn – drought & cavitation Tomato –drought response mechanisms Squash – Hollow Herbaceous Stems

Greenhouse Crops

Irrigation management Cut Roses Crysanthemum Tomato Capsicum Cucumbers

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Pilbara Extreme Environment Application

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Eucalyptus victrix (Coolibah)

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Diurnal Water Potential Eucalyptus victrix

• 4
• 3.5
• 3
• 2.5
• 2
• 1.5
• 1
• 0.5

0.5 16:00:02 18:50:02 21:40:02 0:30:02 3:20:01 6:10:02 9:00:02 11:50:02 14:40:02 17:30:02 20:20:02 23:10:01 2:00:01 4:50:01 7:40:01 10:30:02 13:20:01 16:10:02 19:00:02 21:50:02 0:40:02 3:30:01 6:20:02 9:10:02 12:00:02 14:50:02 17:40:02 20:30:02 23:20:02 2:10:02 5:00:02 7:50:02 10:40:02 13:30:02 16:20:02 19:10:02 22:00:01 0:50:01 3:40:01 6:30:02

Water Potential (MPa) Time (10 mins)

Daily Water Potential Integral (MPa-Hours) Eucalyptus victrix - Pilbara WA

• 50.00
• 45.00
• 40.00
• 35.00
• 30.00
• 25.00
• 20.00
• 15.00
• 10.00
• 5.00

0.00 25/11/2011 26/11/2011 27/11/2011 28/11/2011

Daily Water Potential Integral (MP-H) Date

Rainfall Event

?

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Redwoods – Contribution of Gravity

• 2.0
• 1.8
• 1.6
• 1.4
• 1.2
• 1.0
• 0.8
• 0.6
• 0.4
• 0.2

0.0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Baradur, Tree Top West Psychrometer A601

Figure 1. 5 daily cycles of water potential measured with ICT psychrometer on a branch at about 88 meter height in a 91 meter tall Sequoiadendron giganteum At Whitaker’sForest, California during the period Aug. 13 –

• Aug. 17, 2010. Unpublished Data - Courtesy George Koch

North Arizona University

PSY1 Comparison to Pressure Bomb

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Unpublished Data - Courtesy George Koch Northern Arizona University

Coffee - Installation Longevity

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• 2.5
• 2
• 1.5
• 1
• 0.5

0.5 15:30:02 11:00:00 6:30:00 2:00:01 21:30:01 17:00:01 12:30:01 8:00:01 3:30:01 23:00:02 18:30:02 14:00:02 9:30:02 5:00:01 0:30:02 20:00:00 15:30:01 11:00:01 6:30:01 2:00:01 21:30:01 17:00:01 12:30:02 8:00:01 3:30:02 23:00:02 18:30:02 14:00:01 9:30:01 5:00:02 0:30:02 20:00:02 15:30:02 11:00:02 6:30:02 2:00:01 21:30:01 17:00:01 12:30:01 8:00:01 3:30:01 23:00:01 18:30:01 14:00:02 9:30:01 5:00:02 0:30:02 20:00:02 15:30:02 11:00:02 6:30:01 2:00:01 21:30:01 17:00:01 Corrected Stem Water Potential (MPa) Time (30 minutes)

Coffee Stem Water Potential (ψs) - 45 day Continuous Measurement

Hot Dry period Rain Out Shelter - Drought Stress & Recovery Treatments Persistent Rain Period Irrigation Rainfall Decreasing Pre-Dawn ψs 17-24 Oct Figure 2 10-24 Oct Figure 3 Sept 19th Oct 1st

Fruit and Stem Water Potential

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Cotton - Environmental Interactions

• 3
• 2.5
• 2
• 1.5
• 1
• 0.5

15:24:31 16:57:33 18:27:40 19:57:46 21:27:52 22:57:59 0:28:05 1:58:11 3:28:18 4:58:24 6:28:30 7:58:37 9:28:43 10:58:49 12:28:56 13:59:02 15:29:08 16:59:15 18:29:21 19:59:27 21:29:34 22:59:40 0:29:46 1:59:53 3:29:59 5:00:05 6:30:12 8:00:18 9:30:24 Corrected Water Potential (Mpa) Corrected Water Potential

Night time equlibrati

• n

reached Rainfall commenced Approx 3:00AM Installa tion Instrument - Plant Equilibration reached Plant uprooted from Soil at 5:15pm Apparent stomatal closure at -1.88 MPa Night Day Monitoring of Cavitation & death of plant

John Watson – Kilmarnock Boggabri NSW

Nursery - efficacy of water stress management

Ivory Silk (Syringa reticulata)

Dawn Redwood (Metasequoia glyptostroboides)

Black Cedar (Thuja nigra)

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Contact Information

ICT International

Postal: P.O Box 503 Armidale, NSW 2350 Phone: +61-2-6772 6770 Fax: +61-2-6772 7616 Email: sales@ictinternational.com.au Web Site: www.ictinternational.com.au