In Situ Stem Psychrometer: Concept to Automation Mike Dixon - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

In Situ Stem Psychrometer: Concept to Automation Mike Dixon University of Guelph

Investigating contributions of plants to human life support in space Environmental Sciences Symposium, January 21, 2 2012

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Areas of Research Atmosphere Management Biodegradable/recyclable Plant Growth Media Attributes of Candidate Crops Non-toxic Residue Disinfection Root Zone Oxygen Control Recycling Nutrient Solution Environment Sensor Requirements Supplementary Lighting Systems Hypobaric Plant Growth Chambers Mars Analog Studies (Devon Island)

Reduced Atmospheric Pressure How low can we go?

Reduced Pressure Reduced Pressure Time Lapse

Stem Psychrometers Monitors plant water status • continuously Allows correlations with • environmental variables Assesses drought tolerance • and irrigation management

Original Test Configuration

Calibration Curves: No Temperature Correction

Calibration Curves: Temperature Correction

Components of Water Potential Ψ = T p – Π – Τ – g Where: Ψ = Total Water Potential T p = Turgor Pressure Π = Osmotic Potential Τ = Matric Potential G = Gravity

Applications Field Crops Forestry Coffee – stress & recovery Eucalyptus victrix – Extreme Environment Cotton – sensitivity to soil water Sequoiadendron giganteum – Tall Trees potential Thuja occidentalis – Instrument Trials Corn – drought & cavitation Tsuga canadensis – Correlation with Cavitation Tomato – drought response mechanisms Squash – Hollow Herbaceous Stems Greenhouse Crops Ornamental Nursery Irrigation management Efficacy of water stress management Cut Roses Metasequoia glyptostroboides Crysanthemum Syringa reticulata Thuja nigra Tomato Capsicum Cucumbers

Pilbara Extreme Environment Application www.ictinternational.com.au

Eucalyptus victrix (Coolibah) www.ictinternational.com.au

Water Potential (MPa) -3.5 -2.5 -1.5 -0.5 0.5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 16:00:02 18:50:02 21:40:02 0:30:02 3:20:01 6:10:02 9:00:02 Diurnal Water Potential 11:50:02 14:40:02 www.ictinternational.com.au 17:30:02 Eucalyptus victrix 20:20:02 23:10:01 2:00:01 4:50:01 7:40:01 10:30:02 Time (10 mins) 13:20:01 16:10:02 19:00:02 21:50:02 0:40:02 3:30:01 6:20:02 9:10:02 12:00:02 14:50:02 17:40:02 20:30:02 23:20:02 2:10:02 5:00:02 7:50:02 10:40:02 13:30:02 16:20:02 19:10:02 22:00:01 0:50:01 3:40:01 6:30:02

Daily Water Potential Integral (MPa-Hours) Eucalyptus victrix - Pilbara WA 0.00 Daily Water Potential Integral (MP-H) -5.00 -10.00 -15.00 -20.00 -25.00 -30.00 -35.00 -40.00 Rainfall Event -45.00 ? -50.00 25/11/2011 26/11/2011 27/11/2011 28/11/2011 Date

Redwoods – Contribution of Gravity Baradur, Tree Top West 0.0 Psychrometer A601 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1.0 -1.2 -1.4 -1.6 -1.8 -2.0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Figure 1. 5 daily cycles of water potential measured with ICT psychrometer on a branch at about 88 meter height in a 91 meter tall Sequoiadendron giganteum At Whitaker’sForest , California during the period Aug. 13 – Aug. 17, 2010. Unpublished Data - Courtesy George Koch North Arizona University www.ictinternational.com.au

PSY1 Comparison to Pressure Bomb Unpublished Data - Courtesy George Koch Northern Arizona University www.ictinternational.com.au

Corrected Stem Water Potential (MPa) -2.5 -1.5 -0.5 0.5 -2 -1 0 15:30:02 11:00:00 Decreasing Pre-Dawn ψ s 6:30:00 Coffee - Installation Longevity 2:00:01 21:30:01 Hot Dry period 17:00:01 12:30:01 8:00:01 Rainfall 3:30:01 23:00:02 18:30:02 Sept 19th 14:00:02 9:30:02 5:00:01 0:30:02 20:00:00 www.ictinternational.com.au 15:30:01 11:00:01 Persistent Rain Period 6:30:01 Coffee Stem Water Potential (ψ s ) - 45 day Continuous Measurement Time (30 minutes) 2:00:01 21:30:01 17:00:01 12:30:02 8:00:01 3:30:02 23:00:02 18:30:02 14:00:01 9:30:01 5:00:02 Oct 1st 0:30:02 20:00:02 15:30:02 11:00:02 6:30:02 2:00:01 Rain Out Shelter - Drought Stress & Recovery 21:30:01 17:00:01 12:30:01 8:00:01 3:30:01 10-24 Oct Figure 3 Treatments 23:00:01 17-24 Oct Figure 2 18:30:01 14:00:02 9:30:01 5:00:02 Irrigation 0:30:02 20:00:02 15:30:02 11:00:02 6:30:01 2:00:01 21:30:01 17:00:01

Fruit and Stem Water Potential

Cotton - Environmental Interactions 15:24:31 16:57:33 18:27:40 19:57:46 21:27:52 22:57:59 10:58:49 12:28:56 13:59:02 15:29:08 16:59:15 18:29:21 19:59:27 21:29:34 22:59:40 0:28:05 1:58:11 3:28:18 4:58:24 6:28:30 7:58:37 9:28:43 0:29:46 1:59:53 3:29:59 5:00:05 6:30:12 8:00:18 9:30:24 0 -0.5 Corrected Water Potential (Mpa) -1 Night time equlibrati Rainfall Corrected Water Potential on -1.5 commenced reached Approx 3:00AM Instrument - Plant -2 Equilibration reached Plant uprooted -2.5 Installa Apparent stomatal closure from Soil at tion at -1.88 MPa 5:15pm Night Day -3 Monitoring of Cavitation & death of plant John Watson – Kilmarnock Boggabri NSW www.ictinternational.com.au

Nursery - efficacy of water stress management

Ivory Silk ( Syringa reticulata )

Dawn Redwood (Metasequoia glyptostroboides)

Black Cedar ( Thuja nigra )

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