In Intr trod oduc uctio tion n to to Art rtifici ficial al In Inte tellige genc nce e (A (AI) I) Computer ter Sc Science ce cpsc3 c322 22, , Lectur ture e 1 May, y, 8, 2012 CPSC 322, Lecture 1 Slide 1
Lecture cture Ov Overview view • Course Essentials • What is AI? • Representation and Reasoning • Course Overview • AI applications…… CPSC 322, Lecture 1 Slide 2
Pe People ople Instr struc uctor tor • Giuse sepp ppe e Ca Carenini ( carenini@cs.ubc.ca; office CICSR 129) Teachi Te hing ng As Assist stan ants ts • Mahsa Imani mimani@cs.ubc.ca • Shafi fiq Joty rjoty@cs.ubc.ca • Na Nathan an Tomer ntomer@cs.ubc.ca CPSC 322, Lecture 1 Slide 3
Course urse Essential entials(1) s(1) • Course se web-pag ages es: www.cs.ubc.ca/~carenini/TEACHING/CPSC322-12/index.html WebSearch: Giuseppe Carenini • This is where most information about the course will be posted, most handouts (e.g., slides) will be distributed, etc. • CHECK IT OFTEN! • Lectur tures es: • Cover basic notions and concepts known to be hard • I will try to post the slides in advance (by 8AM). • After class, I will post the same slides inked with the notes I have added in class. • Each lecture will include a set of learning goals: Student can…. CPSC 322, Lecture 1 Slide 4
Course urse Essential entials(2) s(2) • Te Textbo tbook ok: Artificial Intelligence , 2nd Edition, by Poole, Mackworth. • It’s free! • It’s available electronically http://www.cs.ubc.ca/~poole/aibook/ • We will cover at least Chapters: 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 CPSC 322, Lecture 1 Slide 5
Course urse Es Esse sentials(3) ntials(3) • WebCT: T: discussion board • Use the discussion board for questions about assignments, material covered in lecture, etc. That way others can learn from your questions and comments! • Use email for private questions (e.g., grade inquiries or health problems). • AI AIspac ace e : online tools for learning Artificial Intelligence http://aispace.org/ • Under development here at UBC! CPSC 322, Lecture 1 Slide 6
Course urse Elements ments • Pr Practic tice e Ex Exercis ises es: : 0% (we may do some in class) • As Assign gnmen ents ts: 20% • Midterm: erm: 30% • Fi Final: l: 50% If f your final grade is >= 20% higher than your midterm erm grade: • Assignments: 20% • Midterm: 15% • Final: 65% CPSC 322, Lecture 1 Slide 7
As Assi signments nments • Th There e will be four assign gnmen ents ts in total • They will not necessarily be weighted equally • Group p work • code questions: you can work with a partner always hand in your ur own piece ce of code (stating who your partner was) • written questions: you may discuss questions with other students you may not look at or copy each other's written work you'll be asked to sign an honour code saying you've followed these rules CPSC 322, Lecture 1 Slide 8
As Assi signments: nments: Late te Days ys • Hand in by 9am on due day (in class or electronically) e late days • Yo You get three • to allow you the flexibility to manage unexpected issues • additional late days will not be granted except under truly exceptional circumstances • A d A day is define ned as: all or part of a 24-hour block of time beginning at 9 am on the day an assignment is due • if you've used up all your late days, you lose 20% per day CPSC 322, Lecture 1 Slide 9
Missing ssing As Assi signments gnments / M / Midterm term / Fi / Final al Hopeful fully ly late days will cover almost all the reasons you'll be late in submitting assignments. • However, something more serious like an extended illness may occur • Fo For all such h cases es: : you'll need to provide a note from your doctor, psychiatrist, academic advisor, etc. • If you miss: • an assignment ment, , your score will be reweighted to exclude that assignment • the midterm rm, , those grades will be shifted to the final. (Thus, your total grade = 80% final, 20% assignments) • the final, , you'll have to write a make-up final as soon as possible. CPSC 322, Lecture 1 Slide 10
How w to to Ge Get t Help? p? • Use the course discussi sion on board on WebCT for questions on course material (so keep reading from it) • Go to office hours (newsgroup is NOT a good substitute for this) – • Sh Shafi fiq: Mon2pm pm (le learn arning ing Ce Center r X1 X150) • Giuse sepp ppe: e: Tue 2pm (CI CICSR CSR #129) • Na Nathan: an: Wed 2pm (learning ing Ce Center r X150) • Mahsa: a: Thu 2pm (learn arning ing Ce Center r X150) Can schedule by appointment if you can document a conflict with the official office hours CPSC 322, Lecture 1 Slide 11
Get etting ting Hel elp p fr from om Oth ther er St Stud uden ents ts? ? From om th the We e Web? b? (Pla lagi giarism) arism) • It t is OK OK to talk wi with your classmat mates es about assignments; ments; le learning ing from m each other r is is good • Bu But you must: • Not copy from others (with or without the consent of the authors) • Write/present your work completely on your own (code questions exception) • If f they use externa rnal source ce (e.g., g., Web) in the assignments. Report this. e.g., “bla bla bla…..” [wikipedia] CPSC 322, Lecture 1 Slide 12
Get etting ting Hel elp p fr from om Oth ther er So Sour urces es? ? (Pl Plag agia iarism) rism) When you are in do doubt wh whether er the line is crossed sed: • Talk to me or the TA’s • See UB UBC o C offi fici cial l regulati ation ons on what constitutes plagiarism (pointer in course Web-page) • Ignorance of the rules will not be a sufficient excuse for breaking them Any unjustified cases will be severely ely dealt wi with by the Dean’s Off ffice ice (that’s the official procedure) • My advice: better to skip an assignment than to have “ academic misconduct ” recorded on your transcript and additional penalties as serious as expulsion from the university! CPSC 322, Lecture 1 Slide 13
To To Su Summarize arize • All the course logistics are described in the course Webpage www.cs.ubc.ca/~carenini/TEACHING/CPSC322-12/index.html WebSearch: Giuseppe Carenini (And summarized in these slides) • Make sure you carefully read and understand them! CPSC 322, Lecture 1 Slide 14
Wh What t is s In Inte telligence? lligence? CPSC 322, Lecture 1 Slide 15
What t is Arti tificial ficial In Inte telli lligence? gence? Two definitio Tw itions ns that have been propose sed: • Systems that think nk and act act like humans • Systems that think nk and act act ration onal ally ly CPSC 322, Lecture 1 Slide 16
Th Thinking inking and Ac Acti ting ng Humanly anly Model l the cogniti itive ve funct ction ons s of human beings gs • Humans are our only example of intelligence: we should use that example! Pr Problem ems: s: • But... humans often think/act in ways that we don't consider intelligent (why?) • And... detailed model of how people's minds operate not yet available CPSC 322, Lecture 1 Slide 17
Th Thinki inking ng Rati tionally onally Ration onal ality ity: an abstract “ideal'' of intelligence , rather than ``whatever humans think/do'‘ • Ancient Greeks invented syllogisms : argument structures that always yield correct conclusions given correct premises • This led to logic, and probabili ilist stic c reasoning ing which we'll discuss in this course • But correct sound reasoning is not always enough “to survive” “to be useful”… CPSC 322, Lecture 1 Slide 18
Acti ting ng (&thi thinking) nking) Rati tionally onally This course will emphasize a view of AI as building agents nts: artifacts that are able to think and act rationally in their environments Rationality is more cleanl nly y defined ed than human behavior, so it's a better design objective (Eg: “intelligent” vacuum cleaner: maximize area cleaned, minimize noise and electricity consumption) Agents that can answer queries, plan actions and solve complex problems And when you have a rational agent you can always tweak it to make it irrational! CPSC 322, Lecture 1 Slide 19
Wh Why y do we need ed intel tellige ligent nt agents? ents? CPSC 322, Lecture 1 Slide 20
Ag Agents ents act cting ing in an envi vironment ronment Representation & Reasoning CPSC 322, Lecture 1 Slide 21
Wh What t is an agent? nt? It has the following characteristics: • It is situated in some environ ronment ent • does not have to be the real world---can be an abstracted electronic environment • It can make observ rvati ations ons (perhaps imperfectly) • It is able to act act (provide an answer, send an email) • It has goals or preferen rence ces s (possibly of its user) • It may have prior knowled edge ge or beliefs fs, and some way of updatin ting beliefs efs based on new experiences (to reason, to make inferences) CPSC 322, Lecture 1 Slide 22
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