Implications of Using Sensory Intervention For Children with Disabilities Anna Ruel and Elizabeth Rossow under the direction of Dr. Aaron Deris, Dr. Dana Wagner, and Dr. Elizabeth Sandell
Objectives/Outline ∙ Introduction < Focus ∙ Method ∙ Results ∙ Implications ∙ Questions
Introduction ∙ Lifetime societal cost for a child with autism is between $1.4 - $2.4 million (Buescher, Cidav, Knapp, & Mandell, 2014) ∙ Determine evidence for sensory interventions ∙ The knowledge of these interventions impacts teachers
Method ∙ Review of Literature ∙ Articles from 2001 - 2016 ∙ Search terms- pressure or weighted vests and students with disabilities ∙ Data Bases Used < Google Scholar < Mav Scholar ∙ Ordered by age < Wallen M. & Joosten A. (2012) 2 years < Brian Reichow, Erin E. Barton, Joanna Neely Sewell, Leslie Good, and Mark Wolery (2010) 2-6 years < Stephenson, Jennifer; Carter, Mark (2009) 2-11 years < Hodgetts, S., Magill-Evans, J., & Misiaszek (2011) J 3-10 years < Hodgetts, Sandra; Magill Evans, Joyce; Misiaszek, John E. (2011) 4-10 years < Watkins, N., & Sparling, E. (2014) 5-6 < Cox, A. L., Gast, D. L., Luscre, D., & Ayres, K. M. (2009) 5-11
Table of Articles (1 of 4) Ages 2-6 Citation Participants & Method Findings/Results Wallen, M., & Joosten, A. (2012). Weighted The participants were four 2 year old boys No treatment effect for CB or JA. vests did not improve competing behaviours with autism. Vest worn during intervention (CB) or joint attention (JA) of 2 year olds phase contained weight equivalent to 5% of with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). the child’s body weight and was worn during Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, play or social time.. 59 (6), 468-470. doi:10.1111/1440-1630.1201 Effects of Weighted Vests on the Three participants, 2-6 years old with autism The major finding of this study can be Engagement of Children With and other developmental delays. The interpreted to conclude that weighted vests Developmental Delays and Autism Brian children were observed with no changes to were not an effective intervention for Reichow, Erin E. Barton, Joanna Neely their normal, individual vest wearing increasing engagement for these Sewell, Leslie Good, and Mark Wolery (2010) routines. participants in the context of a table-time activity in inclusive classrooms.
Table of Articles (2 of 4) Ages 2-11 Citation Participants & Method Findings/Results The Use of Weighted Vests with Children Twenty students, ages 2-11 with autism and While there is only a limited body of with Autism Spectrum Disorders and other other developmental disorders. Study was research and a number of methodological Disabilities researched based, taking information from weaknesses, on balance, indications are that Stephenson, Jennifer; Carter, Mark. previously tested studies and scholarly weighted vests are ineffective. There may Journal of Autism and Developmental articles. be an arguable case for continued research Disorders (2009) on this intervention but weighted vests cannot be recommended for clinical application at this point Hodgetts, S., Magill-Evans, J., & Misiaszek, J. Participants were 8 boys and 2 girls When all sources of data are looked at (2011a). Effects of weighted vests on between the ages of 3–10 years with autism together, no participant showed positive classroom behavior for children with autism and cognitive impairments in a classroom effects across all indicators, but six and cognitive impairments. setting. Blinded observers rated targeted participants showed mixed results, with behaviors through video taken during positive effects across multiple indicators. structured table-top activities typically part of the classroom routine. Blinded teachers rated each child’s behavior with the Conners’ Global Index following each phase of the study.
Table of Articles (3 of 4) Ages 4-6 Citation Participants & Method Findings/Results Hodgetts, Magill, & Misiaszek Participants were 5 boys and 1 girl Weighted vests did not decrease (2011b). Weighted Vests, between the ages of 4–10 years motoric stereotyped behaviors in Stereotyped Behaviors and Arousal with autism. The effects of the any participant. Verbal stereotyped in Children with Autism weighted vest were examined behaviors decreased in one during a functional analysis utilizing participant. an ABAB design with an embedded multielement design, in which the participant wore a five pound weighted vest or no vest. Watkins, N., & Sparling, E. (2014). Three children that were 5 and 6 Results of this study suggest that The effectiveness of the snug vest years old with autism. All sessions the Snug Vest failed to reduce any on stereotypic behaviors in children were conducted in one of three participant’s stereotype behaviors. diagnosed with an autism spectrum treatment rooms measuring 4.7 m disorder by 3.5 m, 4.9 m by 2.9 m, and 3.0 m by 3.4 m for Jason, Lloyd, and Carl respectively. Each room was devoid of leisure items.
Table of Articles (4 of 4) Ages 5-9 Citation Participants & Method Findings/Results Cox, A. L., Gast, D. L., Luscre, D., & Ayres, K. 3 Participants between the ages of 5-9 No differences were revealed in the efficacy M. (2009). The effects of weighted vests on years old with autism used vest during of weighted vests versus weightless vests or appropriate in-seat behaviors of group activities. no vest on the social functions of the elementary-age students with autism and children.. severe to profound intellectual disabilities.
Organization of article findings Logic of choice Description of the choice
Global Results The results from the studies were not in agreement. Some researchers found that the use of either a pressure or weighted vest had a positive impact on the variable(s) being measured, while others did not. Some studies had mixed results, where only some participants positive impact. Studies that found positive effects: 2 Studies that did not find positive effects: 4 Studies that found some effects: 2
Implications- Teachers ∙ Do not rely on mixed results ∙ Proceed with caution < If used, collect data to measure effect < If not used, try an alternative for the behavior
Implications - Students Student Wearing the Vest Students in the classroom ∙ Knowledge of the ∙ Knowledge of the purpose and procedure purpose and procedure ∙ Positive reinforcement ∙ Sensitivity training about for wearing vest differences
Implications- Parents ∙ Familiarize yourself on any risks ∙ Know the procedure to be followed ∙ Know where to get more information ∙ Ensure data collected and results shared
Implications- Other Professionals ∙ Knowledge of the purpose ∙ Knowledge of the procedures ∙ Knowledge of any risks ∙
Final Thought ∙ There are implications for those currently in the field of education and those seeking to be in the field. It is important to understand the effectiveness of an intervention prior to it being used with your students. It is also important to know of intervention options that are available. The use of an intervention can have an impact on student academic, and social outcomes.
Questions or Comments
References ● Ariane V. S., Buescher, M. S., Cidav, Z., Knapp, M., & Mandell, D. S. (2014). Costs of Autism Spectrum Disorders in the United Kingdom and the United States. Journal of American Medical Association, Pediatrics, 168 (8), 721-728. ● Cox, A. L., Gast, D. L., Luscre, D., & Ayres, K. M. (2009). The effects of weighted vests on appropriate in-seat behaviors of elementary-age students with autism and severe to profound intellectual disabilities. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 24 (1), 17-26. doi:10.1177/1088357608330753 ● Hodgetts, S., Magill-Evans, J., & Misiaszek, J. (2011a). Effects of weighted vests on classroom behavior for children with autism and cognitive impairments. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 5 (1), 495-505. doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2010.06.015 ● Hodgetts, S. Magil, E. J., & Misiaszek, J. E. (2011b). Weighted vests, stereotyped behaviors and arousal in children with Autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41 (6), 805-814. ● Reichow, B., Barton, E., Sewell, J. N., Good, L., & Wolery, M. (2010). Effects of weighted vests on the engagement of children with developmental delays and autism. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 25 (1), 3-11. doi:10.1177/1088357609353751 ● Stephenson, J., & Carter, M. (2009). The use of weighted vests with children with Autism Spectrum Disorders and other disabilities. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39 (1), 105-114. ● Wallen, M., & Joosten, A. (2012). Weighted vests did not improve competing behaviours or joint attention of 2 year olds with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, 59 (6), 468-470. doi:10.1111/1440-1630.120 ● Watkins, N., & Sparling, E. (2014). The effectiveness of the snug vest on stereotypic behaviors in children diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder. Behavior Modification,38 (3), 412-427. doi:10.1177/0145445514532128
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