Imperatives to address the Climate Change Challenge Imperatives to - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Imperatives to address the Climate Change Challenge

Imperatives to Address Climate Change

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

“Laid the foundations of the contemporary global environmental policy “ Adopted on 9 May 1992 in New York and signed by more than 150 countries and the European Community.

“stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.”

It contains commitments for all Parties to return greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels by the year 2000.

“ While the Convention encouraged industrialized countries to stabilize GHG emissions, the Protocol commits them to do so”.

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Article 12: Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)

• Assist Parties not included in Annex I in achieving sustainable

development

• Assist Parties included in Annex I in achieving compliance with

their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments under Article 3

• Assistance Mechanism is through funding of CDM Projects in

Developing Countries

Vulnerability to Climate Change

Vulnerability: Agriculture Sector

Current climate Agricultural production is highly vulnerable to increasing temperature, particularly, night time temperatures, changes in rainfall events/patterns, particularly those due to extreme weather/climate events, and high winds during tropical cyclone

• ccurrences.

Future climate Food security in the Philippines hinges in the agricultural production of the country, principally on sufficiency of rice production.

Vulnerability: Coastal Sector

Sea level rise land loss and population displacement increased flooding of low-lying coastal areas agricultural impacts resulting from inundation, salinization and land loss impacts on coastal aquaculture impacts on coastal tourism Increase sea temperature/ Increase CO2 coral bleaching

• cean acidification

impacts on fishery Socio-economic factors

Vulnerability: Coastal Sector

Vulnerability: Health Sector

Indirect cause: Climate sensitive infectious diseases (vector, water borne)

• The number of leptospirosis

cases is high when the volume of rainfall is high.

• The number of malaria cases is

high when the mean temperature is high.

Direct cause: Floods, storm surge

Vulnerability: Forestry and Watershed Sector

The sector now accounts for up to 20-25 percent of the current yearly GHG emissions worldwide. Unsustainable change of land uses poses a big threat to the environment. Loss of forest habitat due to destruction, degradation and climate change is projected to increase plant and animal species loss. Loss of watershed values.

Vulnerability to specific impacts

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change will be most severe when and where they are felt together with stresses from

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• Invasive Species: High impact, Continuing trend

Over-exploitation: Low Impact, Continuing trend

Responses to Climate Change

RESPONSES TO CLIMATE CHANGE

Adaptation Mitigation Adaptation

“ No Regrets Approach “

Adaptation Practical steps to protect countries and communities from the likely disruption and damage that will result from effects of climate change Mitigation An anthropogenic intervention to reduce the sources or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases.

Climate Change Mitigation Strategies

Four Areas of Mitigation

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All Sectors and Regions have potential to contribute to reduce GHG emissions or implement CC mitigation measures

Note: estimates do not include non-technical options, such as lifestyle changes.

Options to reduce GHG emmisions in the energy sector

AVAILABLE NOW COMMERCIALIZED BEFORE 2030

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CCS- carbon capture and storage Technologies and Practices

Options to Reduce GHGs emissions in agriculture

Cropland management Restoration of organic soils Rice management

Options to reduce GHG emmisions in Forestry

Protection of Forest Resources Reforestation

Climate Change Adaptation Strategies

“ Practical steps to protect countries and communities from the likely disruption and damage that will result from effects of climate change”

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Why adapt to climate change?

Adaptation Options

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• 1. Bearing losses
• 2. Sharing losses
• 3. Modifying threats
• 4. Preventing effects
• 5. Changing uses
• 6. Changing location
• 7. Research
• 8. Education, information and

behavior change

Adaptation: Agriculture

1o C temp increase in June to August Use of more disease and pest tolerant crop varieties Livestock production Plant native grassland species Fishery Breeding fish tolerant to high water temperature Develop Agri-Biotechnologies Improve crossbreeds of high productivity animals

Improve agri- infrastructures Improve irrigation systems and their efficiency

Adaptation: Agriculture (Gaps and Needs)

creating enabling environment for private investments in agriculture climate-fit crop programming and climate-based cropping mix in highly vulnerable agricultural areas; production maximization in climate-proofed farming areas, particularly those with moderate rainfall; developing policy environments for sustainable development of highland ecosystems (500-1000 masl) for future expansion areas for food and nutrition security without further intrusion nor desecration of remaining forestlands; increasing local capacity to compete with global products within local markets; and harmonizing food and bio-energy development and other economic uses of agricultural activities, and technological support systems for food security

Adaptation: Hydrology and water resources

conversion of cropland to forest (grassland) selection and cultivation of new drought-resistant varieties are effective measures to prevent water scarcity Water saving schemes for irrigation

Adaptation: Coastal and low lying areas

Coastal protection constructions in Asia for 5-year to 1,000- year storm-surge elevations need to be considered. Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) provides an effective coastal protection strategy

Adaptation: Natural Ecosystems

Improved tree plantation development and reforestation technologies Improvement of protection from fires, insects and diseases Reducing logging waste, thru soil conservation practices, Carbon-efficient wood utilization

Adaptation: Human Health

monitoring of diseases benchmarking of potential impacts of climate variability and change on human health

Mainstreaming sustainable development policies and the inclusion of climate- proofing concepts in national development initiatives are likely to

reduce pressure on natural resources and improve management of environmental risks

Planning and Policy Formulation

The Intergovernmental Panel on CC 4th Assessment Report 2007 (AR4):

• Warming of the Climate System

is UNEQUIVOCAL!

BEFORE EVERYTHING GOES UP IN SMOKE

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By Sebastian Niedlich (Grabthar) on Flickr

Thank you