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Illuminating Themes : Light, Health and Wellbeing Karen van - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Illuminating Themes : Light, Health and Wellbeing Karen van - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Karen van Creveld Kar aren van an Creveld Li Lighting Design Illuminating Themes : Light, Health and Wellbeing Illuminating Themes : Light, Health and Wellbeing Karen van Creveld cibse.org/b2plive @CIBSE #Build2Perform 1948 WHO definition of
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1948 WHO definition of health “A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” WHO Constitution
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cibse.org/b2plive @CIBSE #Build2Perform These principles should lead to a renewed emphasis on architectural daylighting. Daylight is rich in that area of the spectrum, and bright at the times of day that seem most important to these processes.
CIE 2004/2009 Principles of healthy lighting
The daily light dose received by people in Western [i.e., industrialized] countries might be too low Healthy light is inextricably linked to healthy darkness Duration Light for biological action should be rich in the regions of the spectrum to which the nonvisual system is most sensitive Spectrum Intensity The important consideration in determining light dose is the light received at the eye, both directly from the light source and reflected off surrounding surfaces. Distribution The timing of light exposure influences the effects of the dose timing Timing
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Introduction
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cibse.org/b2plive @CIBSE #Build2Perform HUMANS MECHANISM
Eye Age Gender Chronotype Light history
Overview
Vision Non- image forming Skin Circadian system
- Vitamin D
- Thermal (IR)
- UV radiation
- Visual
performance
- Spatial
appearance
- Discomfort
- Biofilia
LIGHT EFFECT Arousal system Affective system Circadian effects:
- Circadian entrainment
- Circadian phase shifting
Direct effects including:
- Hormone production
- Heart rate
- Body temperature
- Gene expression
- Sleep
- Affection(Fear/Panic)
- Alertness /Vigilance
- Cognition/Attention
- Emotion/Mood
Duration Intensity Distribution Spectrum Timing
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cibse.org/b2plive @CIBSE #Build2Perform Photoreceptors in human retina:
- Rods
- Cones
- ipRGCs (intrinsically
photosensitive retinal ganglion cells) Photopigments:
- Different
photopigments
- ipRGCs contain
melanopsin, most sensitive to light at around 480 nm
- Non-image forming
biological system less sensitive but longer lasting
Eye and Brain
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cibse.org/b2plive @CIBSE #Build2Perform Retina to brain pathways: Two separate pathways (visual and non- image forming) from the eye to various brain regions ipRGCs do not act alone. Rods and cones contribute to many non-image forming processes and vice versa Light signals via the ipRGCs target different areas of the brain
- simultaneously. These in turn generate
successive responses in other regions
Eye and Brain
Primary optic tract (POT) Retino-hypothalmic tract (RHT)
- Visual performance
- Perceptual judgements
- Cognitions concerning the
scene Rods/cones ipRGCs Pathways in the brain: Nerve connections between the retina of the eye and the visual cortex (vision - continuous bold line) and between the retina and the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SNC) and the pineal gland (circadian system - bold broken line) Not shown - evidence of additional pathways from retina via limbic system activating the arousal system (emotion) and affective system(alertness) Circadian effects:
- Circadian entrainment
- Circadian phase shifting
Direct effects including:
- Hormone production
- Heart rate
- Body temperature
- Gene expression
- Sleep
- Affection(Fear/Panic)
- Alertness /Vigilance
- Cognition/Attention
- Emotion/Mood
SCN Retina Pineal gland Visual cortex
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cibse.org/b2plive @CIBSE #Build2Perform 10 000 100 000 1000 100 10 1 0.1 Full sun Overcast sky Candle Moonlight 500 Modern
- ffice
Environmental Illuminance (Lux) 50 Twilight Museum Next to window 2500
The daily light dose received by people in industrialized countries might be too low Intensity
1
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The daily light dose received by people in industrialized countries might be too low Intensity
7am 6pm 4pm 11pm 8am 1pm
1
9am 3pm
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Healthy light is inextricably linked to healthy darkness Duration
2
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Healthy light is inextricably linked to healthy darkness Duration
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World Urbanization Prospects: 1950 - 2050 Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division: World Urbanization Prospects, the 2009 Revision. New York, 2010
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Light for biological action should be rich in the regions of the spectrum to which the non-visual system is most sensitive Spectrum
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Light for biological action should be rich in the regions of the spectrum to which the non-visual system is most sensitive Spectrum
3
Images created by James Newton 2019 , included with kind permission
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Determining light dose is the light received at the eye, both directly from the light source and reflected off surrounding surfaces Distribution
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The timing of light exposure influences the effects of the dose timing Timing
12.00 18.00 00.00 06.00 Midnight Noon Fastest reaction time 15.30 Highest body temperature 18.30 Melatonin release starts 21.00 Lowest body temperature Peak in melatonin release Lowest reasoning ability 04.30 Deepest sleep 02.00-04.00 Highest sleep drive 0.00-02.00 Peak cortisol 06.00-08.00 Lowest endorphin release 20.00-22.00 Peak serotonin & endorphin release 14.00-16.00 Peak in logical reasoning 10.00-12.00 Melatonin release stops 07.30
5
Best co-ordination 14.30 Peak testosterone secretion 09.00 Peak evening libido 22.00-00.00
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