iLab2 Introduction to IP - Multicast Daniel Raumer - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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iLab2 Introduction to IP - Multicast Daniel Raumer - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Lehrstuhl Netzarchitekturen und Netzdienste Institut fr Informatik Technische Universitt Mnchen iLab2 Introduction to IP - Multicast Daniel Raumer raumer@net.in.tum.de What is he talking about? Multicast? Motivation

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Lehrstuhl Netzarchitekturen und Netzdienste

Institut für Informatik Technische Universität München

iLab2 – Introduction to IP - Multicast

Daniel Raumer raumer@net.in.tum.de

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iLab2 – Introduction to IP-Multicast – Daniel Raumer – 2013-11-14

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“What is he talking about?”

 Multicast?  Motivation  Layer-3 (IP) Multicast  Wrap-Up

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iLab2 – Introduction to IP-Multicast – Daniel Raumer – 2013-11-14

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Multicast

 Concept  Anycast? Geocast?  Multicast on layer n can be realized by unicast connections on layer n-1  On which layer?

  • Physical layer on a shared medium
  • IP Layer to avoid traffic
  • Application layer e.g. to simplify communication in online games

Unicast Broadcast Multicast

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iLab2 – Introduction to IP-Multicast – Daniel Raumer – 2013-11-14

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Multicast – Why?

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iLab2 – Introduction to IP-Multicast – Daniel Raumer – 2013-11-14

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Multicast – Why?

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iLab2 – Introduction to IP-Multicast – Daniel Raumer – 2013-11-14

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Multicast – Who?

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iLab2 – Introduction to IP-Multicast – Daniel Raumer – 2013-11-14

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Multicast – Who?

 During champions league final in 2012  no live TV broadcast in Italy  Traffic at TOPIX (an Italian IXP)

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Multicast – Who?

Football Worldcup 2010

  • Video streams with1.5 MBit/s per User - and this is not hd ;-)
  • Continuously for up to 2 hours
  • 180 000 concurrent streams in Germany
  • 270 000 MBit/s or about 270 GBit/s

Provider Networks

500 User 1000 User 200 User

300 MBit/s 1500 MBit/s 750 MBit/s 2250 MBit/s 300 MBit/s 2550 MBit/s 2550 MBit/s

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iLab2 – Introduction to IP-Multicast – Daniel Raumer – 2013-11-14

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2011 Example

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iLab2 – Introduction to IP-Multicast – Daniel Raumer – 2013-11-14

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2011 Example

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2011 Example

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2011 Example

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2011 Example

 Vodafone Network: + 20,5 % Data Traffic 

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2011 Example

 Vodafone Network: + 20,5 % Data Traffic  Youtube Lifestream: 400 000 000 Viewers

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2011 Example

 Vodafone Network: + 20,5 % Data Traffic  Youtube Lifestream: 400 000 000 Viewers

  • Obama Inauguration 70 000 000 Viewers

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2011 Example

 Vodafone Network: + 20,5 % Data Traffic  Youtube Lifestream: 400 000 000 Viewers

  • Obama Inauguration 70 000 000 Viewers

 Akamai: 1 600 000 concurrent streans

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2011 Example

 Vodafone Network: + 20,5 % Data Traffic  Youtube Lifestream: 400 000 000 Viewers

  • Obama Inauguration 70 000 000 Viewers

 Akamai: 1 600 000 concurrent streans

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Multicast – And how does it work?

Back in the old days of the Internet

  • 1985 (2 years after switch day) -RFC 966 - A Multicast Extension to the

Internet Protocol

  • Paper Cheriton et al: “The extensive use of local networks is beginning to drive

requirements for internet facilities…”

  • 1986 National Science Foundation: Largest Backbone: 56 kbit/s
  • 1989 - RFC 1112 - Host Extensions for IP Multicasting

Other application scenarios?

500 User 1000 User 200 User

1.5 MBit/s 1.5 MBit/s 1.5 MBit/s 1.5 MBit/s 1.5 MBit/s 1.5 MBit/s 1.5 MBit/s

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Multicast – Addressing

 All Class D addresses are multicast addresses  Address space is managed by IANA

  • Divided into different blocks with certain purposes

Examples:

Class From To

D 224.0.0.0 239.255.255.255

Class D

1 multicast group id

28 bits

1 1

224.0.0.1 addresses all hosts on the same network segment. 224.0.0.2 addresses all routers on the same network segment. 224.0.1.39 The Cisco multicast router AUTO-RP-ANNOUNCE address is used by RP mapping agents to listen for candidate announcements.

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Multicast – joining and leaving a multicast group

500 User 1000 User 200 User 300 User 0 Users

1.5 MBit/s 1.5 MBit/s 1.5 MBit/s 1.5 MBit/s 1.5 MBit/s 1.5 MBit/s 1.5 MBit/s 1.5 MBit/s 0 MBit/s 0 MBit/s

 Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)

  • IGMPv1 (RFC 1112)
  • IGMPv2 (RFC 2236)
  • IGMPv3 (RFC 3376, RFC 4604)

 Same but different for IPv6

  • Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD)
  • MLD is part of ICMPv6 instead of using a separate protocol.
  • MLDv1 ~ IGMPv2, MLDv2 ~ IGMPv3 (RFC 3810, RFC 4604)

“Prune” to the DR “Join” to the DR

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Multicast – different modes

 Protocol Independent Multicast

  • Sparse Mode (SM)
  • Dense Mode (DM)
  • Bidirectional PIM (Bi-Dir)
  • Source-Specific Multicast (SSM)

} Known from the Prelab

PIM-DM messages Type PIM-DM PIM-SM Hello   Register 1  Register-Stop 2  Join/Prune 3   Bootstrap 4  Assert 5   Graft 6  Graft-Ack 7  Candidate-RP- Advertisement 8 

to determine the DR

}

for group management

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Multicast – different modes

 Source Trees

  • One source of traffic
  • GroupID and SourceID required for joining the group

 Shared Trees

  • Different sources of traffic
  • Distribution tree is shared among all senders
  • Only GroupID is required to join a group
  • RP can be configured statically
  • …or via mechanisms like Auto-RP or Bootstrap Router (BSR)

Rendezvous Point (RP) RP?

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Wrap-Up

 IP- Multicast

  • used mainly in enterprise IP-networks  Why?
  • delays complexity to the routers

 Many Protocols, mechanisms & related buzzwords ;-)

… and many others & all belonging RFC‘s  One last question: “Why is PIM called ‘protocol independent’ ?” … at least It‘s a small lab - I wish you fun doing it

  • DM

PIM-SM PIM-SSM ICMP & MLD PIM IGMP IGMPv1 v2 IGMPv3

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The End