IEEE Issues in Microgrids Evolution towards a distributed energy - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

MaCT USA. November 16, 2011 | Slide 1

Advanced Energy 2011 - October 12-13, 2011

IEEE Issues in Microgrids

Evolution towards a distributed energy future

William J. Miller, President, MaCT USA

MaCT USA. November 16, 2011 | Slide 2

Slide 2

MaCT USA. November 16, 2011 | Slide 3

OBJECTIVE Monitor electric power throughout

the plant to determine consumption and evaluate how to better manage energy use to save $$$

CURRENT USAGE

11 MW

COST

$ .085/KW

AREAS OF FOCUS Incoming power from utility at main

transformer

Large Consumers:

• 1. Finish Mills and support

equipment

(3.5 KW & 4.5 KW)

• 2. ID FAN
• 3. Raw Mill
• 4. Kiln Drive (VFD)

(600 KW)

Microgrid Automation (Industrial)

ENERGY MONITORING Data collection to track consumption ENERGY PROTECTION Large consuming devices could be isolated ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE Energy usage goes up energy savings lost

MaCT USA. November 16, 2011 | Slide 4

Microgrid Automation Broadband over Power Lines (BPL)

MaCT USA. November 16, 2011 | Slide 5

Adaptive Protection Systems Decentralized vs. Centralized

The most significant advantage of

a centralized architecture is that local devices do not make decisions, and therefore are

• simple. The effort of data

processing and decision making falls on the central unit based on data received from the local devices.

The main disadvantage of a

centralized architecture is well- known, the dependence on the central unit is a single point of failure of the whole adaptive protection system.

Decentralized adaptive protection

is possible based on P2P communications, considering standard protocols (e.g. IEC 61850 Goose messages) and Ethernet communications.

MaCT USA. November 16, 2011 | Slide 6

Conventional vs. Microgrid’s

MaCT USA. November 16, 2011 | Slide 7

Autonomous Microgrid

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Autonomous Microgrid’s E&C

ENERGY Peer-to-Peer Control Distributed local generation Decentralized adaptive protection Autonomous operation Accommodate legacy systems Accommodate AC or DC COMMUNICATIONS Peer-to-Peer requires multi-path

links for fault tolerance

Adapt to changing network

conditions with optimal path selection

Technology agnostic and protocol

Independence that can leverage use of existing devices

Leverage existing wire/fiber

infrastructure

High scalability and secure Assured Interoperability

MaCT USA. November 16, 2011 | Slide 9

Microgrid Automation Challenges

PROTOCOLS - Legacy IP protocols in common use do not

use new high speed broadband wireless cellular or the Internet.

TRANSITION - Transition to new protocols is a slow

process with investment needed

INTEROPERABILITY - Vendor implementation variants

has in many cases resulted

SCALABILITY - Significant cost and complexity MANAGEMENT - is limited to small scale networks DATA SHARING - with others including other utilities

including disaster response personnel

SECURITY - is more difficult to assure the devices are

authorized to participate in the network

SOLUTION >> IEEE P1451.1d/XMPP (SOA) >>

MaCT USA. November 16, 2011 | Slide 10

XMPP Metadata Approach for Microgrids

Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP)

is an open-standard communications protocol for message-oriented middleware based on XML (Extensible Markup Language).

The XMPP protocol was developed by the Jabber open-

source community in 1999, was originally used as near- real-time extensible instant messaging, presence information, and contact list maintenance. The protocol was designed to be “extensible”, the protocol today also finds application in VoIP and file transfer signaling.

XMPP makes use of an Open Systems approach of

development and application, by which anyone may implement an XMPP service and interoperate with other

• rganizations' implementations. The software and many

client applications are also open source.

XMPP offers a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA),

(i.e. “Cloud Computing”.

MaCT USA. November 16, 2011 | Slide 11

Applications Layer Routers (ALR) are Intermediary servers using XMPP

FUNCTIONS: Enhanced security by blocking unwanted messages,

provide authentication to establish that a device is allowed to participate and use of firewalls.

Transcoding, protocol conversion, reformatting, or other

functions that enable heterogeneous endpoints to communicate.

Filter or transform content . Multi-point connections out of point-to-point

connections, and allow the endpoints to be shared.

Improved performance in application-dependent ways

including caching to assure message delivery.

Improved reliability in application-dependent ways for

example by providing automatic retry and retargeting.

Provides capabilities difficult to put into a end device.

MaCT USA. November 16, 2011 | Slide 12

IEEE 1451.1d

Smart Transducer Standard for Sensor, Actuators, and Devices

The proposed IEEE 1451.1d

standard offers a SOA based on XMPP (Extensible Markup and Presence Protocol)

IEEE 1451.0 TEDS (Transducer

Electronic Data Sheet) used to validate the characteristics of a end point (sensor, actuator, or device).

Proposed standard will establish a

cloud computing architecture for sensor information.

The standard will offer

interoperability of protocols and facilitate transport.

The standard will offer assured

interoperability, scalability, and security

MaCT USA. November 16, 2011 | Slide 13

MaCT USA. November 16, 2011 | Slide 14

IEEE 1451.1d/XMPP

BENEFITS

• Transport Layer Security (TLS)
• Provides assurance that the proper credentials are
• ffered to participate including characteristic

identity

• Advanced Data Sharing
• Multiple devices can be shared between multiple

authorized users or applications

• Distributed Management
• Management of all devices via a web browser
• Service Broker
• Single point reference locally or over the Internet
• Directory Services
• Indication of online status, device name,

description, etc.,

• Technology Agnostic
• Any link offering a connection to the XMPP server
• Protocol Independent
• XMPP Provides ability to transport any IP protocol,

even proprietary devices can be used

• Future Proof
• Public IP addresses are not needed, the end

devices are effectively transparent using DHCP

• All devices are registered by a name not an IP

address facilitating ease of use