IE 545 Designing with Digital Human Modeling Onan Demirel, Ph.D. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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IE 545 Designing with Digital Human Modeling Onan Demirel, Ph.D. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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IE 545 Designing with Digital Human Modeling Onan Demirel, Ph.D. Mechanical, Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering 11/14/2018 Oregon State University 1 About Me Education: B.S., M.S and Ph.D (2015) in Purdue University Research

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IE 545 Designing with Digital Human Modeling

Onan Demirel, Ph.D.

Mechanical, Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Oregon State University

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11/14/2018

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About Me

Contact: Onan Demirel

Assistant Professor School of Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing Engineering Oregon State University Email: onan.demirel@oregonstate.edu Website (personal): www.onandemirel.com Website (professional): http://design.engr.oregonstate.edu/demirel 322 Rogers Hall | (765) 409-9419 | Corvallis, OR 97331

Education:

B.S., M.S and Ph.D (2015) in Purdue University

Research Interests:

  • Design Theory and Methods
  • Digital Human Modeling
  • Human Factors Engineering
  • Systems Engineering
  • Product Design and Development
  • Industrial Design

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About Me

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Design Theory and Methods Systems Engineering Human Factors Engineering Digital Human Modeling

http://www.onandemirel.com/3-research-2/3-2-themes/3-2-2-design-theory-and-methods/ http://www.onandemirel.com/3-research-2/3-2-themes/3-2-3-human-factors-engineering/ http://www.onandemirel.com/project/human-in-the-loop-vehicle-design/

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WHAT IS DIGITAL HUMAN MODELING?

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What is DHM?

๏ is digital representation of the human

inserted into a simulation or a virtual environment to facilitate prediction of safety and/or performance.

๏ includes:

  • visualization (form)
  • math/science (function)

Digital Human Modeling

What is it?

5

Abdel-Malek, K., Arora, J., Yang, J., Marler, T., Beck, S., Swan, C., ... & Patrick, A. (2006, October). Santos: A physics-based digital human simulation environment. In Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting (Vol. 50, No. 20, pp. 2279-2283). Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications.

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What is DHM used for?

๏ Safety and performance assessments via biomechanics and ergonomics

Digital Human Modeling

What is it?

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Course Material: ME 599 - Digital Human Modeling for Design - Onan Demirel

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Why is it important?

๏ can incorporate Human Factors Engineering design principles earlier in the

product development

Digital Human Modeling

What is it?

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Finite Element Analysis

http://www.onandemirel.com/7-projects/

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THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL HUMAN MODELS

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๏ Early Models - (1960 - 1980):

  • Cockpit packaging and pilot ergonomics of military aircraft
  • Prediction of center of gravity, principal moments, product of inertia
  • Design of cockpit consoles, seats and seat belts

Digital Human Modeling

Brief Research Background

9 Vision envelope in a cockpit Unobscured rotation check

  • J. W. McDaniel, “Models for ergonomic analysis and design: COMBIMAN and CREW

CHIEF,” Comput. aided Ergon., pp. 138–156, 1990.

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๏ Early Models - (1960s):

  • Mostly in 2D - some in 3D
  • Basic mathematical formulation (e.g., center of mass)
  • Not focusing on design but mostly analysis of postures

Digital Human Modeling

Brief Research Background

10 The segmental method

Adapted from Hamil & Knutzen, 1995, Biomechanical basis of human movement, Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins.

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๏ Biomechanics Models - (1960 - 1980s):

  • Generic biomechanics models for predicting strength capabilities
  • Manual/occupational tasks represented: lifting, pushing, pulling
  • Anthropometry, posture and force parameters

Digital Human Modeling

Brief Research Background

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3D SSPP Software, University of Michigan https://c4e.engin.umich.edu/tools-services/3dsspp-software/3dsspp-example-applications/

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๏ Biomechanics Models - (1960 - 1980s):

  • Static models - no consideration of dynamics human postures
  • Variations of people from military and limited civilian data base
  • Anthropometry, posture and force parameters

Digital Human Modeling

Brief Research Background

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Hamill, J., & Knutzen, K. M. (2006). Biomechanical basis of human movement. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

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๏ Biomechanics Models - (1960 - 1980s):

  • Anthropometry: people are different!
  • Considering variation in design process.

Digital Human Modeling

Brief Research Background

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Michalski, R., & Grobelny, J. (2014). Designing Emergency-Medical-Service Helicopter Interiors Using Virtual

  • Manikins. IEEE computer graphics and applications, 34(2), 16-23.
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๏ Statistical Models - (1980s - 2000 ):

  • Statistical DHM models bring anthropometry, motion and ergonomics

capabilities to design of workplaces and product design.

  • CAD integration

Digital Human Modeling

Brief Research Background

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https://www.designnews.com/design-hardware-software/can-siemens-georgia-tech-fill-gaps-additive- manufacturing-industrial-engineering/152081214645855

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๏ Statistical Models (1980s - 2000 ):

  • Advanced 3D models with higher visual and physical realism.
  • Motion Capture

Digital Human Modeling

Brief Research Background

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http://www.onandemirel.com/3-research-2/3-2-themes/

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๏ Models with Technology Integration - (2000 - now ):

  • Beyond traditional statistical biomechanics and ergonomics
  • Technology integration:
  • markerless motion capture,
  • haptic devices and feedback ,
  • immersive and virtual reality
  • digital twins
  • …..

Digital Human Modeling

Brief Research Background

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๏ Models with Technology Integration - (2000 - now):

  • Computer driven models
  • High-fidelity postures and motion

Digital Human Modeling

Brief Research Background

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Abdel-Malek, K., Arora, J., Law, L. F., Swam, C., Beck, S., Xia, T., ... & Rasmussen, M. K. (2008). Santos: A Digital Human In the Making. IOWA UNIV IOWA CITY CENTER FOR COMPUTER AIDE

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๏ Towards Multi-physics Model (2020s and beyond):

Digital Human Modeling

Brief Research Background

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http://www.onandemirel.com/project/human-in-the-loop-vehicle-design/

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DIGITAL HUMAN MODELING & ENGINEERING DESIGN

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Designing with DHM:

๏ Before physical prototypes are built, engineering can: ๏ implement proactive ergonomics in product design ๏ evaluate human-product/environment interactions ๏ Working on digital prototypes via DHM has the potential to reduce:

  • design costs
  • time-to-market
  • the risk of injury
  • design errors

Digital Human Modeling

Design Connection

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Digital Human Modeling

Design Connection

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https://www.caricos.com/cars/v/vw/2012_volkswagen_up/images/76.html https://i.ytimg.com/vi/eHUfeJE0k_c/maxresdefault.jpg http://www.carbodydesign.com/archive/2007/01/22-audi-r8-design/3/ Lawson, G., Herriotts, P ., Malcolm, L., Gabrecht, K., & Hermawati, S. (2015). The use of virtual reality and physical tools in the development and validation of ease of entry and exit in passenger vehicles. Applied ergonomics, 48, 240-251.

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Digital Human Modeling

Design Connection

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https://www.caricos.com/cars/v/vw/2012_volkswagen_up/images/76.html https://i.ytimg.com/vi/eHUfeJE0k_c/maxresdefault.jpg http://www.carbodydesign.com/archive/2007/01/22-audi-r8-design/3/ http://www.superstreetonline.com/cars/new-car-reviews/1502-new-audi-r8-prototype-first-drive/

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Reactive - Physical Human Studies vs. Proactive - Digital Human Modeling

Why DHM?

Detailed Computational Human Factors Engineering

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๏

expensive (time & finances)

๏

slow

๏

sequential / one at a time

๏

  • nly few-parameters to check

๏

….

๏

cheap(er)

๏

fast(er)

๏

parallel

๏

multi-purpose

๏

….

https://www.caricos.com/cars/v/vw/2012_volkswagen_up/images/76.html

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Why DHM?

Overall Design Cost and Time Reduction!

Reactive Approach Proactive Approach

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Demirel, H. O. (2015). Modular human-in-the-loop design framework based on human factors (Doctoral dissertation, Purdue University).

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DIGITAL HUMAN MODELING & ENGINEERING DESIGN OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS

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๏

Especially for design that are hard to “prototype”

Why is this important?

Developing better products

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https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_1916.html http://www.indiandefencereview.com/news/siemens-the-digitalization-of-submarine-development/

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Humans are not replaceable!

Human Factors in Complex Systems Biodynamic Responses

๏ Underwater shock produced by an underwater

explosion remains one of the biggest threats to ships and shipboard personnel.

๏ What is an underwater shock?

  • Extremely high acceleration
  • Very short duration.

๏ Each ship hull, engine, superstructure needs to

pass this test

๏ Internal structure including crew space needs to

provide safe working environment.

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https://www.navysite.de/cg/cg53.html https://my.nps.edu/web/svcl/project-portfolio

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Predicting Biodynamic Responses

๏ What are the options here?

  • Relatively simplified version:

Humans are not replaceable!

Human Factors in Complex Systems

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Zong, Z., & Lam, K. Y. (2002). Biodynamic response of shipboard sitting subject to ship shock motion. Journal of biomechanics, 35(1), 35-43.

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Predicting Biodynamic Responses

๏ What are the options here?

  • Actual data collection via crash test

dummies:

Humans are not replaceable!

Human Factors in Complex Systems

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Warrior Injury Assessment Manikin (WIAMan) https://www.aerodefensetech.com/component/content/article/adt/features/articles/27963

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Predicting Biodynamic Responses

๏ What are the other options here?

  • Digital Human Models with Multi-Physics

Simulations

Humans are not replaceable!

Human Factors in Complex Systems

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Shin, Y. S. (2004). Ship shock modeling and simulation for far-field underwater explosion. Computers & Structures, 82(23-26), 2211-2219. Didoszak, J. M., Shin, Y. S., & Lewis, D. H. (2004). Shock trial simulation for naval ships. https://products.damen.com/en/ranges/joint-support-ship/joint-support-ship https://altairhyperworks.com/partner/hubyx

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