ICT and Disaster Risk Reduction Division UN Economic and Social - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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ICT and Disaster Risk Reduction Division UN Economic and Social - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Connecting economies and empowering people Cultural Diversity Online: Digital Content in the Asia Pacific Region Tiziana Bonapace Chief ICT and Development Section ICT and Disaster Risk Reduction Division UN Economic and Social Commission

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ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division

Connecting economies and empowering people

Cultural Diversity Online: Digital Content in the Asia Pacific Region Tiziana Bonapace Chief ICT and Development Section ICT and Disaster Risk Reduction Division UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific

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ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division

Connecting economies and empowering people

Introduction

  • WSIS Mandates for Linguistic Diversity
  • The question of Infrastructure
  • Trends in online language

representation

  • Data Sources for measurement
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ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division

Connecting economies and empowering people

WSIS MANDATES

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ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division

Connecting economies and empowering people

WSIS Action line 8

Cultural diversity and identity, linguistic diversity and local content

  • i) the promotion through ICT of cultural

diversity and of traditional and indigenous knowledge,

  • ii) the promotion of local and relevant

content,

  • iii) Use of ICT to promote the knowledge of

traditional and indigenous communities and,

  • iv) promote ICT tools that facilitate the

expression of cultural diversity

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ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division

Connecting economies and empowering people

Digital Content Availability

  • Despite the growing quantity of

information available online, a yet to be addressed dimension of the digital divide is that of the content divide. Content is unevenly available online across languages. A handful of languages dominate, leaving aside a vast quantity of other languages and cultures, including many from the ESCAP region.

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ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division

Connecting economies and empowering people

INFRASTRUCTURE

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ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division

Connecting economies and empowering people

Structural Availability of Access

  • Content availability and connectivity

access are interlinked and closely correlated.

  • Better network conditions imply greater

content representation online.

  • Improved infrastructure encourages

content development.

  • Access costs and quality of service

should be carefully considered.

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ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division

Connecting economies and empowering people

Digital Divide

  • A key concern in Asia-Pacific is that it is

the most digitally divided region in the

  • world. Less than 6 per cent of the

population living in its developing countries is connected to affordable, reliable and high-speed Internet.

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ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division

Connecting economies and empowering people

Gender Aspects of Digital Divide

  • The region also faces a cross-cutting

gender divide. Women and girls in Asia and the Pacific, regardless of geographic location, level of income and age, have less access to broadband Internet and knowledge- enhancing software applications than their male counterparts.

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ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division

Connecting economies and empowering people

Conditions of Service Vary Widely

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

Observed Latency in milliseconds

Source: Data describes conditions experienced by users of speedtest.net, retrieved March 2014, reflecting most recent observations available in 2013 and 2014, Analysis by ESCAP

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ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division

Connecting economies and empowering people

Network Latency Changes Over Time Network Latency in milliseconds

Country 2010 2011 2012 2013 % Change

Singapore 124.74 85.80 77.23 79.29

  • 36.43%

Vietnam 140.52 87.22 100.87 98.87

  • 29.64%

China 133.15 114.28 150.95 102.64

  • 22.91%

Iran 419.06 N/A 384.08 352.20

  • 15.96%

Indonesia 172.95 151.14 143.31 149.07

  • 13.81%

Philippines 160.53 138.65 148.25 150.51

  • 6.24%

Russian Federation 78.58 80.46 69.90 73.95

  • 5.89%

UK 69.92 64.24 62.63 66.28

  • 5.20%

New Zealand 71.65 68.14 69.74 70.19

  • 2.04%

South Korea 42.72 45.61 44.46 43.48 1.77% France 85.42 83.35 85.36 95.04 11.26% Malaysia 101.88 93.57 98.70 114.14 12.04% US 67.38 67.31 70.50 76.89 14.10% Australia 63.40 66.17 76.51 75.65 19.32% Netherlands 45.22 49.90 50.51 67.62 49.52% Turkey 78.85 76.72 87.42 123.25 56.31% Source: speedtest.net, retrieved June 2014, analysis by ESCAP

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ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division

Connecting economies and empowering people

Network Reliability Over Time Reduction in Percent of Packets Lost

Country 2010 2011 2012 2013 % Reduction

China 4.62 2.56 1.88 1.27 72% UK 3.12 3.06 1.29 0.96 69% New Zealand 4.90 3.58 2.05 1.57 68% Malaysia 3.26 1.64 0.96 1.06 68% Australia 3.00 3.28 1.72 1.14 62% South Korea 1.76 1.08 0.65 0.70 60% US 3.25 3.66 2.47 1.44 56% Turkey 6.87 5.40 4.42 3.22 53% Singapore 3.60 3.08 1.96 1.86 48% France 2.61 2.17 1.83 1.39 47% Indonesia 2.15 1.48 1.09 1.20 44% Vietnam 1.80 1.60 1.12 1.03 43% Philippines 1.93 1.79 1.13 1.21 37% Netherlands 2.37 2.14 2.30 1.56 34% Iran 1.86 N/A 2.40 1.24 33% Russian Federation 1.54 1.15 1.19 1.30 16% Average: 3.04 2.51 1.78 1.38 51% Source: speedtest.net, retrieved June 2014, analysis by ESCAP

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ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division

Connecting economies and empowering people

Connectivity for Economic Growth

The relationship between Internet connectivity and economic growth is of increasing interest. An analysis performed by ESCAP in 2014, shows that for developing countries of the region, broadband penetration has a positive impact on growth in GDP per capita. On average, a 10 percent increase in broadband penetration is associated with a 1.34 percent increase in GDP per capita growth.

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ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division

Connecting economies and empowering people

TRENDS IN LANGUAGE REPRESENTATION

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ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division

Connecting economies and empowering people

Linguistic Diversity

  • Asia-Pacific is home to four of the ten

most used languages on the Internet:

  • Chinese
  • Japanese
  • Russian
  • Korean
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ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division

Connecting economies and empowering people

  • In 2011, according to Internet World

Stats, Chinese had the second largest number of users on the web, with about half a billion users, just after English. About a quarter of Internet users were Chinese speakers in 2011. Japanese ranked fourth, with approximately 100 million users. Russian and Korean were in 8th and 9th position, respectively.

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ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division

Connecting economies and empowering people Top Ten Languages Used in the Web in 2011 (Number of Internet Users by language)

TOP TEN LANGUAGES IN THE INTERNET Number of Internet Users by language Internet penetration by language Growth in Internet users by language (2000 - 2011) Share of language in total world internet users World Population for this Language (2011 Estimate)

English

565,004,126 43.40% 301.40% 26.80% 1,302,275,670

Chinese

509,965,013 37.20% 1478.70% 24.20% 1,372,226,042

Spanish

164,968,742 39.00% 807.40% 7.80% 423,085,806

Japanese

99,182,000 78.40% 110.70% 4.70% 126,475,664

Portuguese

82,586,600 32.50% 990.10% 3.90% 253,947,594

German

75,422,674 79.50% 174.10% 3.60% 94,842,656

Arabic

65,365,400 18.80% 2501.20% 3.30% 347,002,991

French

59,779,525 17.20% 398.20% 3.00% 347,932,305

Russian

59,700,000 42.80% 1825.80% 3.00% 139,390,205

Korean

39,440,000 55.20% 107.10% 2.00% 71,393,343 TOP 10 LANGUAGES 1,615,957,333 36.40% 421.20% 82.20% 4,442,056,069 Rest of the Languages 350,557,483 14.60% 588.50% 17.80% 2,403,553,891

WORLD TOTAL

2,099,926,965 30.30% 481.70% 100.00% 6,930,055,154

Table 9.1 Top Ten Languages Used in the Web in 2011 (Number of Internet Users by language) Source: Internet World Stats: http://www.Internetworldstats.com/stats7.htm, accessed on 9 November 2013

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ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division

Connecting economies and empowering people

Promotion of Local Content

World rank of language ESCAP language which are used in more than 0.1% of websites Usage of content languages for websites 01 Jan. 2011 26 Nov. 2013 1 English 57.6% 55.5% 2 Russian 4.1% 6.1% 4 Japanese 5.0% 4.9% 6 French 3.4% 3.9% 7 Chinese 4.6% 3.7% 8 Portuguese 1.6% 2.3% 11 Turkish 1.4% 1.3% 14 Persian 0.6% 0.8% 17 Indonesian 0.2% 0.5% 18 Vietnamese 0.2% 0.4% 19 Korean 0.3% 0.4% 24 Thai 0.3% 0.3%

Table 9.2: W3Techs estimates for the usage of content languages for websites

Source: ESCAP, based on W3Techs data accessed 26 November 2013

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ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division

Connecting economies and empowering people

Promotion of Local Content

  • Cambodia: Master Plan for Information

and Communication Technology in Education

  • Developed Khmer language Operating system
  • Provides teacher training for ICT curriculum in Khmer
  • Promotion of distance learning using Khmer

language resources

  • Establishment of a clearinghouse which will play a

role as a basic tool to advance research and as a warehouse for university-based knowledge in Khmer.

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ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division

Connecting economies and empowering people

DATA SOURCES FOR MEASUREMENT

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ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division

Connecting economies and empowering people

Measuring the Right Content

  • User behavior has changed significantly
  • Less PC use
  • More mobile and smartphone use
  • Social media increasing component of

Internet Traffic

  • Measuring the number of web pages less useful
  • Whether users are obstructed by lack of content

more meaningful

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ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division

Connecting economies and empowering people

Internet Usage Patters in Southeast Asia by Age

Source: TNS Digital Life, 2011, as quoted in Surfing Southeast Asia’s Powerful Digital Wave, Accenture, 2014

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ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division

Connecting economies and empowering people

Measurement Efforts

  • The most illuminating data tends to be

sourced from surveys of user behavior

  • National level data is less reflective of the

adequacy of content.

  • Countries should give careful

consideration to mainstreaming ICT measurements into national surveys and census exercises.

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ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division

Connecting economies and empowering people

Thank you