ICT and Disaster Risk Reduction Division UN Economic and Social - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Connecting economies and empowering people Cultural Diversity Online: Digital Content in the Asia Pacific Region Tiziana Bonapace Chief ICT and Development Section ICT and Disaster Risk Reduction Division UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division

Connecting economies and empowering people Introduction • WSIS Mandates for Linguistic Diversity • The question of Infrastructure • Trends in online language representation • Data Sources for measurement ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division

Connecting economies and empowering people WSIS MANDATES ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division

Connecting economies and empowering people WSIS Action line 8 Cultural diversity and identity, linguistic diversity and local content • i) the promotion through ICT of cultural diversity and of traditional and indigenous knowledge, • ii) the promotion of local and relevant content, • iii) Use of ICT to promote the knowledge of traditional and indigenous communities and, • iv) promote ICT tools that facilitate the expression of cultural diversity ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division

Connecting economies and empowering people Digital Content Availability • Despite the growing quantity of information available online, a yet to be addressed dimension of the digital divide is that of the content divide. Content is unevenly available online across languages. A handful of languages dominate, leaving aside a vast quantity of other languages and cultures, including many from the ESCAP region. ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division

Connecting economies and empowering people INFRASTRUCTURE ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division

Connecting economies and empowering people Structural Availability of Access • Content availability and connectivity access are interlinked and closely correlated. • Better network conditions imply greater content representation online. • Improved infrastructure encourages content development. • Access costs and quality of service should be carefully considered. ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division

Connecting economies and empowering people Digital Divide • A key concern in Asia-Pacific is that it is the most digitally divided region in the world. Less than 6 per cent of the population living in its developing countries is connected to affordable, reliable and high-speed Internet. ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division

Connecting economies and empowering people Gender Aspects of Digital Divide • The region also faces a cross-cutting gender divide. Women and girls in Asia and the Pacific, regardless of geographic location, level of income and age, have less access to broadband Internet and knowledge- enhancing software applications than their male counterparts. ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division

Connecting economies and empowering people Conditions of Service Vary Widely Observed Latency in milliseconds 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Source: Data describes conditions experienced by users of speedtest.net, retrieved March 2014, reflecting most recent observations available in 2013 and 2014, Analysis by ESCAP ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division

Connecting economies and empowering people Network Latency Changes Over Time Network Latency in milliseconds Country 2010 2011 2012 2013 % Change Singapore 124.74 85.80 77.23 79.29 -36.43% Vietnam 140.52 87.22 100.87 98.87 -29.64% China 133.15 114.28 150.95 102.64 -22.91% Iran 419.06 N/A 384.08 352.20 -15.96% Indonesia 172.95 151.14 143.31 149.07 -13.81% Philippines 160.53 138.65 148.25 150.51 -6.24% Russian Federation 78.58 80.46 69.90 73.95 -5.89% UK 69.92 64.24 62.63 66.28 -5.20% New Zealand 71.65 68.14 69.74 70.19 -2.04% South Korea 42.72 45.61 44.46 43.48 1.77% France 85.42 83.35 85.36 95.04 11.26% Malaysia 101.88 93.57 98.70 114.14 12.04% US 67.38 67.31 70.50 76.89 14.10% Australia 63.40 66.17 76.51 75.65 19.32% Netherlands 45.22 49.90 50.51 67.62 49.52% Turkey 78.85 76.72 87.42 123.25 56.31% Source: speedtest.net, retrieved June 2014, analysis by ESCAP ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division

Connecting economies and empowering people Network Reliability Over Time Reduction in Percent of Packets Lost Country 2010 2011 2012 2013 % Reduction China 4.62 2.56 1.88 1.27 72% UK 3.12 3.06 1.29 0.96 69% New Zealand 4.90 3.58 2.05 1.57 68% Malaysia 3.26 1.64 0.96 1.06 68% Australia 3.00 3.28 1.72 1.14 62% South Korea 1.76 1.08 0.65 0.70 60% US 3.25 3.66 2.47 1.44 56% Turkey 6.87 5.40 4.42 3.22 53% Singapore 3.60 3.08 1.96 1.86 48% France 2.61 2.17 1.83 1.39 47% Indonesia 2.15 1.48 1.09 1.20 44% Vietnam 1.80 1.60 1.12 1.03 43% Philippines 1.93 1.79 1.13 1.21 37% Netherlands 2.37 2.14 2.30 1.56 34% Iran 1.86 N/A 2.40 1.24 33% Russian Federation 1.54 1.15 1.19 1.30 16% Average: 3.04 2.51 1.78 1.38 51% Source: speedtest.net, retrieved June 2014, analysis by ESCAP ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division

Connecting economies and empowering people Connectivity for Economic Growth The relationship between Internet connectivity and economic growth is of increasing interest. An analysis performed by ESCAP in 2014, shows that for developing countries of the region, broadband penetration has a positive impact on growth in GDP per capita. On average, a 10 percent increase in broadband penetration is associated with a 1.34 percent increase in GDP per capita growth. ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division

Connecting economies and empowering people TRENDS IN LANGUAGE REPRESENTATION ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division

Connecting economies and empowering people Linguistic Diversity • Asia-Pacific is home to four of the ten most used languages on the Internet: • Chinese • Japanese • Russian • Korean ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division

Connecting economies and empowering people • In 2011, according to Internet World Stats, Chinese had the second largest number of users on the web, with about half a billion users, just after English. About a quarter of Internet users were Chinese speakers in 2011. Japanese ranked fourth, with approximately 100 million users. Russian and Korean were in 8 th and 9 th position, respectively. ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division

Connecting economies and empowering people Top Ten Languages Used in the Web in 2011 (Number of Internet Users by language) TOP TEN LANGUAGES Number of Internet Growth Share of language in World Population IN THE INTERNET Internet Users penetration in Internet total world internet for this Language by language by language users by users (2011 Estimate) language (2000 - 2011) English 565,004,126 43.40% 301.40% 26.80% 1,302,275,670 Chinese 509,965,013 37.20% 1478.70% 24.20% 1,372,226,042 Spanish 164,968,742 39.00% 807.40% 7.80% 423,085,806 Japanese 99,182,000 78.40% 110.70% 4.70% 126,475,664 Portuguese 82,586,600 32.50% 990.10% 3.90% 253,947,594 German 75,422,674 79.50% 174.10% 3.60% 94,842,656 Arabic 65,365,400 18.80% 2501.20% 3.30% 347,002,991 French 59,779,525 17.20% 398.20% 3.00% 347,932,305 Russian 59,700,000 42.80% 1825.80% 3.00% 139,390,205 Korean 39,440,000 55.20% 107.10% 2.00% 71,393,343 TOP 10 LANGUAGES 1,615,957,333 36.40% 421.20% 82.20% 4,442,056,069 Rest of the Languages 350,557,483 14.60% 588.50% 17.80% 2,403,553,891 WORLD TOTAL 2,099,926,965 30.30% 481.70% 100.00% 6,930,055,154 Table 9.1 Top Ten Languages Used in the Web in 2011 (Number of Internet Users by language) Source: Internet World Stats: http://www.Internetworldstats.com/stats7.htm, accessed on 9 November 2013 ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division

Connecting economies and empowering people Promotion of Local Content Usage of content languages ESCAP language which for websites World rank of are used in more than language 0.1% of websites 01 Jan. 2011 26 Nov. 2013 1 English 57.6% 55.5% 2 Russian 4.1% 6.1% 4 Japanese 5.0% 4.9% 6 French 3.4% 3.9% 7 Chinese 4.6% 3.7% 8 Portuguese 1.6% 2.3% 11 Turkish 1.4% 1.3% 14 Persian 0.6% 0.8% 17 Indonesian 0.2% 0.5% 18 Vietnamese 0.2% 0.4% 19 Korean 0.3% 0.4% 24 Thai 0.3% 0.3% Table 9.2: W3Techs estimates for the usage of content languages for websites Source: ESCAP, based on W3Techs data accessed 26 November 2013 ESCAP, Information and Communications Technology and Disaster Risk Reduction Division