Disaster Risk Reduction and Disaster Disaster Risk Reduction and - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Pacific Islands Applied Geoscience Commission

Disaster Risk Reduction and Disaster Disaster Risk Reduction and Disaster Management Management in the Pacific in the Pacific

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Background

Pacific Islands Applied Geoscience Commission (SOPAC)

• Intergovernmental regional organisation
• 21 member countries (4 associates)
• 3 technical work programmes

– Ocean and Islands – Community Lifelines incl water, energy and ICT – Community Risk

• Mandate for the coordination of regional disaster

risk reduction and disaster management capacity building in the Pacific

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Setting the Scene Setting the Scene

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DRM Investment into Future

• Disasters are a development issue, affects

– Economic costs

• assets and infrastructure
• basic service delivery – water, health, education
• opportunity costs

– Government’s capacity to meet National Development Goals – Capacity of households to meet their basic needs – water, food and shelter (poverty and hardship)

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DRM Challenges

• Disaster treated as environmental and or

humanitarian issue

• Sectoral and piece-meal approaches
• Weak national institutions and governance

structures

• Disaster management seen as government/aid

donor responsibility

• > reliance on donor support
• Limited national budget allocated for DRR
• Perverse incentive to wait for disaster

management support post disaster

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Setting the Scene

• Ongoing and increasing vulnerability of

Pacific Island nations and communities to the impacts of disasters.

• Led to increased national and regional

commitments to disaster risk reduction and disaster management on an ‘all hazards’ basis in support of sustainable development

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Regional and International Commitments wrt DRM

• Yokohama Strategy for a Safer World (1994) and the International

Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR).

• Forum Economic Ministers and the Forum Leaders acknowledged

disaster as a development issue in 2003

• Hyogo Framework for Action 2005 – 2015
• Regional Framework for Action for DRR and DM 2005 -2015
• Pacific Islands Framework of Action on Climate Change (PIFAC)

2006-2015

• Kalibobo Road Map of the Pacific Plan approved by Forum Leaders

in 2005, called for operationalisation of regional frameworks at the national level to assist member countries to develop national capacity for an integrated DRM approach that focuses on

– preventative measures to minimise risks, – preparedness in the event of a hazardous event, – effective and timely post disaster response and rehabilitation

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Regional Framework for Action

The Framework has an all hazards approach supporting sustainable

• development. All phases of disaster risk management cycle are

reflected in the six thematic areas of the Framework: 1) Governance – Organisational, Institutional, Policy and Decision- making Frameworks 2) Knowledge, Information, Public Awareness and Education 3) Analysis And Evaluation Of Hazards, Vulnerabilities and Elements at Risk 4) Effective Preparedness, Response And Recovery 5) Effective, Integrated And People-focused Early Warning Systems 6) Reduction Of Underlying Risk Factors

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• Established in February 2006 to assist PICs implement the Pacific DRM

Framework for Action

• ~ thirty regional and international organisations.
• committed to assist and support PICs to develop and to implement their

DRM National Action Plans (NAP), which will seek to identify and address national DRM priority needs.

• Main objectives are to:

– Provide regional support for the development and implementation of National Action Plans – Establish and sustain a regional network of partners working in disaster risk management to improve regional cooperation, coordination and collaboration. – Strengthen the key thematic areas identified in the Pacific Framework for Action – Monitor and evaluate national progress against the targets of these national action plans. – Reduce duplication of effort and to ensure that assistance is built on the efforts and experiences of each other

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National Action Plan (NAP)

• National adaptation of the Regional Framework

for Action

• Whole-of-country approach to ensure

commitment at national, local and community or village level

• Identify DRR and DM priorities
• Develop a 3-year implementation programme

– In line with reporting requirements under the Kalibobo Roadmap of the Pacific Plan

• Develop an national indicative programme with

specific activities and costs

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Example from Vanuatu

• Theme: Information, Information System and Knowledge

Management

• Strategy: Understand hazards, vulnerabilities, and

communities at risk (hazard-scape) as a basis for disaster risk reduction and disaster management

• Action: Conduct hazard and vulnerability assessments,

including assessment of potential impacts of particular scale

• f disaster event on ‘at risk’ communities, for input to sector

planning for disaster risk reduction and disaster management.

• Result: Understanding the extent and scale of community

vulnerability to hazards, to inform decisions related to DRR&DM.

• Indicator: Adaptation and risk reduction measures

implemented.

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Samoa - Natural Disasters from 1964 - 2005

• * Reported

Source of data: "EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium" / Data version: v06.06

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Samoa – Recent Events

Damage USD??

power lines on Savai'I Extensive tidal damage coastal areas Faleolo International Airport closed during and after cyclone

TC Olaf (2005)

~ US$30 million (about 12% of GDP) [World Bank, 2004] trees, crops and coastal infrastructure damaged Power, water, transport and other services disrupted several houses destroyed no fatalities

TC Heta (2004)

~ USD 4 million [Yeo, 2001] ~ 5,000 affected

Flood (2001) Estimated Economic Costs (Reported) Impacts Disaster Type

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Flood Modelling and Mapping

Flood hydrology

• Records of annual maximum flow
• >100 years Rainfall intensity data

Model as peak flow (m3/s) Flood modeling

• 1-D model – cross sections

Floodplain mapping

• Flood depths and flood hazard map

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Model of the Vaisigano

River transect across the floodplain using RTK GPS

Vaisig 3bridges + 4weirs Plan: 3brdge+4weir 03/08/2006

Cross sections Leone Bridge Vaisigano Bridge Leone Bridge

River flow 1D HEC-RAS Output of model/CS = water depth, velocity

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Flood Depth Maps

1 in 20 year 1 in 100 year

Depth of Flooding (m)

0 - 0.5 0.5 - 1.0 1.0 - 2.0 > 2.0

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Flood Hazard Maps

1 in 20 years 1 in 100 years

Degree of Flood Hazard

Low - Caution Moderate - Dangerous for children Significant - Dangerous for most people Extreme - Dangerous for all

Vertical Mapper Create TIN: Flood depth (d) Flood velocity (v) Grid Tools H = d x v

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Assessing Flood Risks

350 1634 1 in 100 342 1596 1 in 50 329 1536 1 in 20 296 1382 1 in 5 244 1139 1 in 2 Buildings @ risk (Pacific Cities) People @ risk (Census) Return period

• Estimate impacts to

people and infrastructure

• Benefit-Cost Analysis

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Assessing Mitigation Options

• Structural :

– Flood walls and embankments. – By-pass channel. – Upstream flood storage. – Increasing channel conveyance. – Flood proofing of houses – Improving channel maintenance. – Pumping.

• Non-Structural

– Floodplain zoning & Development control – Flood forecasting and warning – Flood insurance – Flood preparedness and response plans – Public Awareness – Land use change

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Flood proofing of buildings

• design and construction of buildings.
• Raised floor levels above a flood with a

specified return period.

1in 50 year flood level (2% chance of occurring in a year)

Raised floor height

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• 44.38

2.22 8.07 0.53 Elevated floor heights: Existing homes New homes 1.92 1.72 Improved forecasting system 0.09 0.01 Diversion channel 0.64 0.11 Floodwalls Maximum Minimum Flood measure

E.g. Estimated for every tala invested in constructing homes with raised floor heights, a minimum WST$2.22 and a maximum of WST$44 is avoided in future flood damages

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Wave Impacts of TC Heta 2004 at Alofi, Niue

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Coastal Development Policy Other activities Review of the Niue National Disaster Plan Including an operational exercise to test National, government and village response plans

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Landslides Solomon Islands 2007 Landslides Solomon Islands 2007

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Hazard and vulnerability mapping Hazard and vulnerability mapping to support to support Earthquake and Tsunami Earthquake and Tsunami -

• Recovery and Rehabilitation effort

Recovery and Rehabilitation effort

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Monitoring Coastal Changes

Development planning Feasibility of structural coastal protection, constructing permanent structures near coast

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Pacific Islands Applied Geoscience Commission

Regional DRM Resources Regional DRM Resources

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Resources

• TA for post disaster assessments
• TA for hazard mapping/risk assessment
• Support of NAP process
• GIS, GPS and remote sensing training
• High-resolution satellite imagery
• Educational resource materials
• Pacific Disaster Net

www.pacificdisaster.net

• MapServers
• Pacific DRM Training

Programme (TAF/OFD)