I nterplanetary I nternet Adrian J. Hooke Jet Propulsion - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

I nterplanetary I nternet

Adrian J. Hooke

Jet Propulsion Laboratory Calif ornia I nstitute of Technology

2000 Third Annual I nternational Symposium

• n Advanced Radio Technologies

Boulder, CO, 08 September 2000

Member Agencies ASI/Italy BNSC/UK CNES/France CSA/Canada DLR/Germany NASDA/Japan ESA/Europe INPE/Brazil NASA/USA RSA/Russia Observer Agencies

ASA/Austria CAST/China CRC/Canada CRL/Japan CSIR/South Africa CSIRO/Australia IKI/Russia ISAS/Japan ISRO/India KARI/Korea KFKI/Hungary MOC/Israel NOAA/USA NSPO/Taipei SSC/Sweden TsNIIMash/Russia USGS/USA CTA/Brazil DSRI/Denmark EUMETSAT/Europe EUTELSAT/Europe FSST&CA/Belgium HNSC/Greece Industry Associates

ISO/TC20/SC13 Liaisons

P PA AN NE EL L 3 3 CROSS SUPPORT OPERATIONS P PA AN NE EL L 2 2 INFORMATION INTERCHANGE PROCESSES SPACE COMMUNICATIONS P PA AN NE EL L 1 1 MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT COUNCIL COUNCIL

Consultative Committee f or Space Data Systems (CCSDS)

Technical Steering Group Secretariat

CCSDS Panel Work

I ntranet I nternet

Space Link Protocols End- to- End Protocols

CCSD S P ane l 1

Space Link Extension Protocols

CCSD S P ane l 3

Data Description & Archiving

CCSD S P ane l 2

Radio Frequency and Modulation

P 1E

Link ARQ

TM Space Data Link Protocol AOS Space Data Link Protocol Proximity 1 Space Data Link Protocol TC Space Data Link Protocol

Communications Operation Procedure 1

Space Data Link Security Mechanisms

P 1A P 1F

Internet IPSec Space Security Protocol Space Packet Protocol Space Network Protocol Internet Protocol (IPv4, IPv6)

P 1B

Reed-Solomon Coding BCH Coding Convolutional Coding Turbo Coding TLM Frame Sync. CLTU and PLOPs

Synchronous Links Asynchronous Links

Current CCSDS Space/ Ground Communications Protocol Stack

Physical Link Network Transport Application

CCSDS File Delivery Protocol (CFDP)

Store and Forward

Internet TCP/UDP Space TCP/UDP

I nt eract ive

Space FTP Internet FTP

I nternet RFC Draf t CCSDS Recommendation CCSDS Recommendation CCSDS Report

http://hope.gsfc.nasa.gov/ccsds/implementations/

151 Missions

10 COTS Spacecraf t 16 COTS Space Products 2 COTS Ground Networks 28 COTS Ground Products

1970 1980 1990 2000 I nternational Space Station

Extension of Standards f or More Complex Space Missions }

Extension of the Terrestrial I nternet into Space Basic Space/ Ground Communications Standards f or Space Missions }

Consultative Committee f or Space Data Systems (CCSDS) NASA Telemetry Standardization NASA/ ESA Working Group “Packet” Spacecraft Telemetry and Telecommand

NASA/ DOD Space Communications Protocol Standards (SCPS) Project

Evolution of space standards

I nterPlaNetary I nternet (I PN)

Evolution of the terrestrial I nternet

Today’s I nt ernet :

Hig h ra te fib e r b a c kb o ne

Negligible delay Negligible errors Symmetric data channels Continuous connectivity Loss = Congestion

Tomorrow’s “Earthnet”

Un te th e re d e d g e - m a rk e t ‘ p lu g - in s ’ to th e fib e r b a c k b o n e [s a te llite s , w ire le s s , m o b ile a d - h o c n e tw o rk s , e tc . ] m a y in tro d u c e :

Significant delay & errors Power/bandwidth constraints Disjoint connectivity Corruption as source of loss Asymmetric channels

Surf ace to Orbit Relay Surf ace Operations Long Haul to Earth Mars Moon Satellite, Wireless I nternet backbone Mobile/ Roving applications Earth

A Candidate Sharing of I ssues A Candidate Sharing of I ssues and Technologies and Technologies

• Generally high bandwidth-delay products
• Possible data loss due to bit-errors and/or

transient link outages

• Potentially asymmetric data rates
• Power constrained end systems
• Episodic/disjoint connectivity
• Networks may need to be self-organizing
• Ultra high bandwidth-delay product
• typically >> transaction size
• ‘Ping-pong of bursts’ replaces streaming
• Channels often periodically unidirectional
• Need for progressive/selectable reliability
• Need for store-and-forward delivery

Similar Problems, Common Solutions Fiber Satellites Cable Mobile/Wireless WDM Nomadic

Terabit communicat ions low delay

Self-organizing

FTP/TCP/IP

Short-haul communications

Terrestrial I nternet Standards

IP N l ever age

S-band X-band Ka-band LEO Constellations Mars Network Deep-space Optical

Megabit communicat ions high delay Long-haul communications

Space I nternet Standards

File-based Operations

Thirty years down the road… . .

I PNSI G

Public U SC U CLA U D EL UM D Cal t ech

I PN Architecture Core Team

I PN Organizational Relationships

NASA Projects DARPA Projects I PNRG

Robert Rumeau - France Eric Travis - USA

Open Architecture Open Specif ications Open I mplementations Demonstrations

The Basic I PN Concept:

Construct a “Network of I nternets”

• Deploy standard internets in low latency remote

environments (e.g., on other planets, on remote spacecraft)

• Connect these distributed internets via an

interplanetary backbone that handles the high latency deep space environment.

• Create gateways and relays to interface between

low and high latency environments

The Basic I PN Concept:

construct a “Network of I nternets”

Deploy standard internets in low latency remote environments (e.g., on other planets) Connect distributed internets via an interplanetary backbone Provide dialog across a network of Internets

Deployed I nt ernet s St able Backbone

Security

I nterplanetary Gateways I nter - I nt ernet Dialog and Nodes

I PN Technology Thrust Areas

Wired Tetherless

i

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IG IG IG IG IG IG

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I PN Security

Security of user data flowing through the IPN Security of the IPN backbone

Deployed I nternets Stable Backbone Security I nterplanetary Gateways I nter - I nternet Dialog and Nodes

IG IG IG IG IG IG

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i i i i

i i i i i i i i

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m a r s . s o l l u n a . s o l e a r t h . s o l

• access control

to the IPN will be required because space-based assets will have limited available resources.

• authentication

will be required to perform access controls.

• data integrity

will be required to assure that what was sent is received.

• data privacy

will be required to assure that unauthorized users cannot obtain information.

Deployed I nternets Stable Backbone Security I nterplanetary Gateways I nter - I nternet Dialog and Nodes

Deployed I n- Situ I nternets

Untethered Mobile Mass constrained Location-Location-Location Power-Power-Power

What ’s a Backbone?

A set of high-capacity, high-availability links between

network traffic hubs

– Terrestrial backbone links are between hubs like Houston and Chicago. – Interplanetary backbone links are between hubs like Earth and Mars.

Deployed I nternets Stable Backbone Security I nterplanetary Gateways I nter - I nternet Dialog and Nodes

On the I nterplanetary Backbone:

• Communications capacity is expensive

– Bits count

• Round Trips hurt

– Interactive protocols don’t work

• Internet protocol suite doesn’t scale well with increasing latency
• Negotiation is impractical
• Reliable in-order delivery takes too long
• Protocols need to be connectionless
• Congestion control and flow control are difficult
• Reliance on forward coding versus retransmission for error recovery
• Custodial store-and-forward data transfer is

fundamental

– “Chatty Telephony” gives way to “Bundled Mail” as the model

• f operations

Resulting Backbone Dif f erences

Transport Network Link Physical

Terrestrial Backbone

TCP IP SONET Optical fiber

Interplanetary Backbone

“Bundling” IP, NP, None? CCSDS R/F or laser

App App App App App App

Network IP Transport TCP Network IP Transport TCP Network IP Network IP

• Link. 1
• Phys. 1
• Phys. 2
• Link. 2
• Phys. 2
• Link. 2
• Phys. 3
• Link. 3
• Phys. 1
• Link. 1
• Phys. 1
• Link. 1

Sub-network Sub-network Sub-network

I P: the “Thin Waist” of the Earth’s I nternet

Internet: a Network of Connected Sub-Networks

Bundling supports end-to-end transfer across a “network of disconnected Internets” having heterogeneous network protocol stacks

Bundle

Application Application Transport Transport Network Network Transport Network Transport Network

Bundle Bundle Bundle

Network of disconnected Internets spanning dissimilar environments

Bundles: A Store and Forward Overlay - the “Thin Waist” of the I nterplanetary I nternet

Bundling: Design Principles

• Names are the means of reference

– Names have two parts: a routing part (specifies the IPN region) and an administrative part (specifies the DNS name) – Routing between IPN regions based upon routing part of the name

• Late-Binding

– Separate addressing domains for each internet; administrative names converted to local addresses in destination IPN region

• Indirection

– Inherent dependence on intermediate relay agents

• Custodial transfer

– “Bundles” are the common end-to-end transfer mechanism

Deployed I nternets Stable Backbone Security I nterplanetary Gateways I nter - I nternet Dialog and Nodes

Single Name Space, Late Name- t o- Address Binding(s)

Internet Internet Interplanetary Backbone

Name-to-Address Binding Space A Name-to-Address Binding Space B Name-to-Address Binding Space C

Name Space - Common Across All I nternets

IPN Region: .mars.sol IPN Region: .earth.sol IPN Region: .ipn.sol

Name: {routing part: mars.sol, admin part: http://www.rockshop.com} Local Address: 137.79.10.232 Name: {routing part: earth.sol, admin part: http://www.bughunter.org} Local Address: 137.79.10.232

Basic I PN Architectural Def inition Development of Key Protocols New Capability Demonstrations Space Mission I nf usion and Rollout Protocol Test and Validation

Basi c R& D Sp onsor e d Rol l out

Interplanetary Internet Deployment Plan

Earth Vicinity, 2001 Lunar Vicinity, 2002 Mars 2003+

I nterplanetary I nternet, “2020”

Inte rp la ne ta ry Ba c kb o ne Inte rp la ne ta ry G a te w a y s