I I nt ernat ional scient if ic i l i if i co operat ion in at - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
I I nt ernat ional scient if ic i l i if i co operat ion in at mospheric co-operat ion in at mospheric researches Oksana Tarasova Moscow St at e Universit y, Moscow, Russia & Moscow St at e Un vers t y, Moscow, Russ a &
Oksana Tarasova Moscow St at e Universit y, Moscow, Russia & Moscow St at e Un vers t y, Moscow, Russ a & Max-Planck I nst it ut e f or Chemist ry, Mainz, Germany
the Chemistry of the Atmosphere)
subproj ect ) subproj ect )
European Net work of Excellence), T&TP subproject (Transport and Transf ormation of Pollutants)
research proj ect “Variabilit y and long-t erm t rends of t ropospheric
and Cent ral European mount ain sit es using a Lagrangian approach” and Cent ral European mount ain sit es using a Lagrangian approach
C di t El k N F Ob kh
I i f A h i Ph i f RAS
Coordinat or: Elanksy N. F. Obukhov I nst it ut e of At mospheric Physics of RAS,
Russia
www.t roica.ru
A M Obukhov I nstitute of Atmospheric
Physics RAS (Russia) M Pl k I i f Ch i (G ) Max Planck I nstitute of Chemistry (Germany) Russian Research I nstitute of Railway Transport Russian Research I nstitute of Railway Transport (Russia) L Y Karpov I nstitute of Physical Chemistry (Russia)
Finish Meteorological I nstitute (Finland) Helsinki University (Finland) Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory NOAA (USA)
An international project addressed to study the p j y troposphere composition across Russia- TRanscontinental Observations I nto the Chemistry of the Atmosphere (TROI CA) project The main goals: Observations of atmospheric chemical composition over continent (TROI CA) project Observations of atmospheric chemical composition over continent Estimation of natural and anthropogenic emissions of atmospheric constituents I nvestigations of air quality in dif f erent cities and industrial I nvestigations of air quality in dif f erent cities and industrial regions Detection of extreme ecological situations Validation of models and satellite products Validation of models and satellite products Advant ages of t he t rain plat f orms Measurement s are perf ormed in t he boundary layer
Dis d t Disadvant age
variabilit y
T ( ti ) O NO NO CO CO SO CH4
Trace gases (continuous): O3, NO, NO2, CO, CO2, SO2, CH4, NMHC, NH3, 222Rn Aerosols: size distribution (2 nm- 10 mkm), scattering coef f icient, mass concentrations; black carbon Remote sensing: CO (total content) , O3 (total content and vertical prof iles,
3 (
p , NO2 (total content , vertical prof iles (0- 45 km), slant abundance at 9 angles f rom each side) Solar radiation: integral UV- A UV- B J(NO2) Solar radiation: integral, UV A, UV B, J(NO2) Meteorology: pressure, temperature, humidity, wind (speed and direction), temperature prof ile (0- 600 m) Sampling: green- house gases and VOC; chemical elements and Sampling: green- house gases and VOC; chemical, elements and morphological composition of aerosol, isotope composition of CO, CO2, CH4(13C, 14C, 18O, D), Oth : i ti m t (GPS) di lid TV i t f Others: navigation parameters (GPS), radionuclide, TV pictures of surrounding (both sides), TV pictures of cloudiness, samples
Tixi Lovozero Voeykovo Zvenigorod Obninsk Zotino
Tomsk
KHMS Mondy
E i t W k i d R t
TROICA-1 1995 Nov 17 – Dec 2 N.Novgorod-Khabarovsk- Moscow
Experiment Work period Route
TROICA-2 1996 Jul 26 – Aug 13 N.Novgorod-Vladivostok- Moscow TROICA-3 1997 Apr 1 – Apr 14 N.Novgorod-Khabarovsk- TROICA 3 1997 Apr 1 Apr 14 N.Novgorod Khabarovsk Moscow TROICA-4 1998 Feb 17 – Mar 7 N.Novgorod-Khabarovsk- N.Novgorod g TROICA-5 1999 Jun 26 – Jul 13 N.Novgorod-Khabarovsk- Moscow TROICA 6 2000 Apr 6 Jun 25 Moscow Murmansk TROICA-6 2000 Apr 6 – Jun 25 Moscow-Murmansk- Kislovodsk-Murmansk-Moscow TROICA-7 2001 Jun 27 – Jul 10 Moscow-Khabarovsk-Moscow TROICA-8 2004 Mar 19 – Apr 1 Moscow-Khabarovsk-Moscow TROICA-9 2005 Oct 4 – Oct 18 Moscow-Vladivostok-Moscow TROICA 10 2006 Oct 4 Oct 7 Moscow megacity TROICA-10 2006 Oct 4 – Oct 7 Moscow megacity TROICA-11 2007 Jul 22 – Aug 5 Moscow-Vladivostok-Moscow
Spatial distribution of CO, CO2 and CH4 concentrations between Moscow and Kh b k (10 d l i d i )
W inter(TROICA-3, 8) Sum m er(TROICA-5, 7)
Khabarovsk (10 deg. longitude averaging)
0.1 0.2
[CO]
ppm W inter (TROICA 3, 8) 0.1 0.2
[CO]
ppm Sum m er (TROICA5, 7) 0.0
AROVSK CHITA AN-UDE RKUTSK OYARSK SIBIRSK OMSK NBURG PERM' KIROV GOROD OSCOW
0.0
AROVSK CHITA AN-UDE RKUTSK OYARSK SIBIRSK OMSK NBURG PERM' KIROV GOROD OSCOW KHABA ULA IR KRASNO NOVOS EKATERIN N.NOVG MO
ppm 400 450
[CO
2]
KHABA ULA IR KRASNO NOVOS EKATERIN N.NOVG MO
ppm 400 450
[CO
2] ppm 40 60 80 100 120 140 300 350 ppm 40 60 80 100 120 140 300 350 1.8 2.0
[CH
4] 1.8 2.0
[CH
4] 40 60 80 100 120 140 1.6 longitude, deg. 40 60 80 100 120 140 1.6 longitude, deg.
mkg*m-3
The mobile carriage- laboratory is the ef f ective
tool f or investigation of spatial variations of atmospheric constituents over the continent atmospheric constituents over the continent, their sources and sinks, long- range transport and chemical transf ormation. I t can be a part p
The mobile laboratory could be used as
international laboratory and operate on the international laboratory and operate on the territory of European and Asian countries uniting prof essionals in dif f erent f ields of research and giving training and ecological education f or giving training and ecological education f or students and young scientists.
Aims of the TOR- 2 subproject is to Aims of the TOR 2 subproject is to Quant if y crucial processes in t he at mosphere in order t o improve t he scient if ic background f or t he development of ef f ect -based cont rol st rat egies f or phot ochemical oxidant s over Europe More specif ically t he proj ect will f ocus on t he f ollowing aims: st rat egies f or phot ochemical oxidant s over Europe. More specif ically t he proj ect will f ocus on t he f ollowing aims:
t o t he changes in emissions over Europe occurring af t er 1980 f or various part s of Europe; part s of Europe;
boundary layer and t he f ree t roposphere over Europe during various t l i l dit i met eorological condit ions;
t roposphere.
Main conclusions on t rends:
Observations in polluted areas show a substantial decrease
p in NMVOC and CO (-35/ -50% ), and NOx(-20/ -40% ) levels
For traffic there is an excellent agreement with emission For traffic there is an excellent agreement with emission
trends.
Ozone peak values have been decreasing significantly over
the last 10 years while background ozone and low ozone the last 10 years, while background ozone and low ozone values in polluted areas have increased.
There is strong evidence, that the lower percentiles in the
l i ll t d h i d i ti l
during winter.
Main conclusions on vert ical exchange:
I n summary, case st udies (observat ions and modelling) have y, ( g) document ed t he variety of processes contributing to vertical uplif ting of boundary layer air int o t he f ree t roposphere. I n part icular warm conveyor belts have been shown t o be an part icular, warm conveyor belts have been shown t o be an ef f icient mechanism f or uplif t ing pollut ant s int o t he upper f ree t roposphere and in part icular f rom t he Nort h American boundary layer int o t he European f ree t roposphere Mount ain regions like layer int o t he European f ree t roposphere. Mount ain regions like t he Alps have an additional ef f ect but primary and secondary pollut ant s are only raised t o t he middle t roposphere. Also (deep) ti b i t t lif t i h i b t h t convection may be an import ant uplif t ing mechanism but has not been specif ically addressed in t his subproj ect .
Comparison of the surface ozone regime
Modeling of the surface ozone distribution
(68.5 N, 35.0 E, 250 m a s l )
a.s.l.)
(55.7 N, 36.8 E, 170 m a.s.l.)
(43.7 N, 42.7 E, 2070 m a.s.l. (43.8 N, 42.7E, 900 m a.s.l.) (43.8 N, 42.7E, 900 m a.s.l.)
L h d l E l d d l f E
LOTOS is a t hree-dimensional Eulerian grid model f or Europe
provided by TNO (The Net herlands).
Th l i i 0 50 l i d 0 25 l i d i l
30x30 km.
I h i l h h d i l l di i
“surf ace” layer.
surf ace surf ace.
t hat describes t he change in t ime of a component as a result of t he f ollowing processes: f ollowing processes:
Transport (advect ion in 3 dimensions, horizont al and vert ical
dif f usion, ent rainment )
Chemist ry (CBM-I V mechanism) Chemist ry (CBM I V mechanism) Dry and wet deposit ion (DEPAC model) Emissions (TNO emissions dat abase)
RUN1 (TROTREP) provides spat ial dist ribut ion of 17
paramet ers (including mean and max O3, NOx) wit h daily resolut ion f or t he domain 10W-60E, 35N-70N. Out put resolut ion f or t he domain 10W 60E, 35N 70N. Out put paramet ers are present ed f or t he surf ace layer only.
70N and has 1 hour resolut ion of out put paramet ers 70N and has 1 hour resolut ion of out put paramet ers.
I n both validation runs DEPAC module f or deposition velocity
calculation was OFF (deposition velocity is f ixed). p y
COMPARI SONS:
LOTOS ( 2)/ EMEP it
LOTOS (run2)/ EMEP sites LOTOS (run2)/ TROI CA- 3 expedition LOTOS (run2)/ Kislovodsk High Mountain Station LOTOS (run2)/ Kislovodsk High Mountain Station
40 45
LOTOS/EMEP RU01 Janiskoski 68є 56'N, 28є 51'E RU01 emep LOTOS
25 30 35
, ppbv
10 15 20
45 50
LOTOS/EMEP RU13 Pinega 64є 42'N, 43є 24'E RU13 emep LOTOS
31.03.1997 29.06.1997 27.09.1997 26.12.1997 5
date
25 30 35 40
e, ppbv
5 10 15 20
31.03.1997 29.06.1997 27.09.1997 26.12.1997 5
data
45 50 55
LOTOS/EMEP RU16 Shepeljovo 59є 58'N, 29є 07'E RU16 emep LOTOS
50 60
Kislodosk High Mountain Station 1997 measurements LOTOS 1 lev LOTOS 2 lev
25 30 35 40 45
ne, ppbv
30 40
face ozone,ppbv
5 10 15 20
10 20
surf
31.03.1997 29.06.1997 27.09.1997 26.12.1997
data
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000
hours from the beginning of the year 45
Comparison with TROICA-3 Back route, 13-14.04.97 LOTOS O
3(level 1) measured O
345
Comparison with TROICA-3 forward route, 1-2.04.97 LOTOS O
3(level 1) measured O
25 30 35 40
25 30 35 40
measured O
310 15 20 25
surface ozo
10 15 20 25
surface ozo
200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 5
distance from Moscow, km
200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 5
distance from Moscow, km
The basic year is 1999. Several runs are
perf ormed. p
RUN 1: TNO emissions f or 1999, meteorology of
1999, DEPAC model ON to describe dry deposition velocity of ozone, PELI NDA land use data base
RUN 2: the same as RUN 1 but with corrected
l d d b (I I A A) land use data base (I I ASA)
RUN 3: the same as RUN 2, double anthropogenic
i i ll d i emissions all over domain
RUN 4: the same as RUN 2, double anthropogenic
emission over European Russia emission over European Russia
The model was validat ed on t he basis of Russian ozone-
measuring net work dat a and dat a of TROI CA expedit ions and showed a reasonable agreement f or 1997 model year showed a reasonable agreement f or 1997 model year .
The est imat es of emissions impact were carried out on t he basis
Applicat ion of DEPAC model provides rather low deposition
velocit y and hence t oo high mean ozone concent rat ion over Europe. Europe.
Doubling of ant hropogenic emissions by all t he Europe has t he
highest response in t he emissions regions and dist ribut ed not unif rml v r d m in it h subst nt i l int r d cr s (up t unif ormly over domain wit h subst ant ial wint er decrease (up t o - 60%) and summer concent rat ion increase (up t o 15%).
Similar response is observed over European Russia if doubling
p p g
Project Objective Project Objective
The overall goals of ACCENT are to promote a common European strategy f or research on atmospheric composition sustainability, to d l d d bl f d ll b develop and maintain durable means of communication and collaboration within the European scientif ic community, to f acilitate this research and to optimise the interactions with policy- makers and the general public. I n so doing, ACCENT will est ablish Europe as an int ernat ional leader in at mospheric composit ion research, able t o st eer research agendas t hrough it s involvement in maj or int ernat ional programmes. ACCENT will also i f E i l li ki d ill M b reinf orce European environment al policy-making and will support Member St at es and t he European Union in int ernat ional negot iat ions and agreement s ACCENT aims t o become t he aut horit at ive voice in Europe on issues d l h h l d l dealing wit h at mospheric composit ion sust ainabilit y and it s societ al implicat ions. Such aut horit y will be based on t he int egrat ion of compet encies and act ivit ies of t he Part ners and of t he wider European scient if ic it i t h f i ld d t h i t t i it h t h i t t i l communit y in t he f ield, and on t he int eract ion wit h t he int ernat ional scient if ic communit y.
Aerosols
Biosphere Atmosphere Exchange of
Joint Field Campaigns IA3 Modelling
Atmospheric Sustainability Transport and Transformation (T&TP) of Transport and Transformation (T&TP) of
Ai Q lit i E t E ( A R i f M t
Air Quality in Eastern Europe ( A Review of Measurement
and Modelling Practices and Needs)
An ACCENT/ JRC Expert Workshop held at Birini Cast le, Lat via Monday 19t h and Tuesday 20t h J une 2006 The aim of the workshop was to review the present
scientif ic problems in tropospheric chemistry specif ically related to the conditions in Eastern Europe and to make related to the conditions in Eastern Europe, and to make recommendations f or the necessary research to solve them. Th k h di id d i t t ki The workshop was divided int o t wo working groups:
g g East ern Europe
GEOmon is a European proj ect cont ribut ing t o GEOSS. I t s mission is t o build an int egrat ed pan-European at mospheric observing syst em of greenhouse gases at mospheric observing syst em of greenhouse gases, react ive gases, aerosols, and st rat ospheric ozone. Ground-based and air-borne dat a are sust ained and Ground based and air borne dat a are sust ained and analyzed, complement ary wit h sat ellit e observat ions, in
First workshop was in 2007 First workshop was in 2007
GEOMON is an I nt egrat ed proj ect wit hin t he 6t h FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME of t he European Union wit h a durat ion of f our years. I t is coordinat ed by t he Commissariat à l’Energie At omique CEA, France is coordinat ed by t he Commissariat à l Energie At omique CEA, France and includes 38 part icipat ing inst it ut es. GEOMON is organized in six act ivit ies plus management , as list ed below. Activities and respective leaders Act 0: Proj ect Management , GEOMON coordinat ion t eam A 1 G h & CO2 CH4 & Gl b l W i E G Ni b Act 1: Greenhouse gases & CO2 CH4 & Global Warming, E. G. Nisbet , RHUL, UK Act 2: React ive Gases, Pollut ant s& Climat e, B. Buchmann, Empa, CH p Act 3: At mospheric Aerosols & Climat e, G. de Leeuw, UHEL, Finland Act 4: St rat ospheric Ozone & Climat e, M. De Mazière, BI RA-I ASB, B Act 5: I nt egrat ion & Support ing Modelling St udies, M. Schulz, LSCE, F g pp g g , , , Act 6: Syst em Archit ect ure & Out reach, S. Godin-Beekmann, SA, F; K. Torset h, NI LU, NO
E ( l d l h ) ll FP EN 00 1
Environment (including Climate Change) Calls: FP7- ENV- 2009- 1 FP7-ENV-2009-1 I dentif ier: FP7-ENV-2009-1 Publication Date: 03 Sept ember 2008 Budget: € 193 500 000
Budget € 193 500 000
Deadline: 08 J anuary 2009 at 17:00:00 (Brussels local t ime) OJ Ref erence: OJ C226 of 03 Sept ember 2008 Specif ic Programme(s): Cooperat ion Specif ic Programme(s): Cooperat ion Theme: Environment (including Climat e Change)