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1. Centralized + Distributed Fully fledged functions distributed across network. 2. Dedicated Functions at Cloud Edge Requires security, latency and reliability. (distributed control and user plane) 3. Basic centralized CP, distributed UP Basic control plane and user plane capabilities, no mobility. (central control and distributed user plane) Ref: NGMN 5G White Paper Multiple 5G slices concurrently operated on the same infrastructure – with different distribution of control and user plane HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD., Proprietary Page 4

USER DRIVEN Personalized applications in cloudlet require low latency (<10 ms), high reliability, mobility support: - Cognitive assistance (e.g., wearable cognitive devices for healthcare, Google glass, Olympus mobile eye trek) Ref: The case for VM-based Cloudlets in Mobile Computing, IEEE Pervasive Computing. - V2V (Vehicle-to-vehicle) and V2I (Vehicle-to-infrastructure) HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD., Proprietary Page 5

NETWORK DRIVEN Consolidated fixed-mobile Data Centers Flatter (tier 2 and 3) Internet Peering Orange NG-POP plans to have common data centers for Lower Transit cost (#1 for Tier 2 ISP) Fixed and mobile networks. End user experience, latency (#1 for content providers) Session continuity between fixed/mobile sessions. Control over routing, redundancy (#1 for Yahoo, NetFlix ) Operator requirements for DC consolidation, and flatter peering by ISPs. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD., Proprietary Page 6

[Ref: 4G Americas Recommendations on 5G Requirements and Solutions] Flexible mobility means that there may be a range of options based on device type, application, application context or statically configured. Flexible mobility consists of managing mobility and tracking/reachability to save power. Examples with Idle mode mobility on a per-device basis, and active mode mobility on a per-application basis is shown below: HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD., Proprietary Page 7

14 Traffic (Exabytes) 12 Signaling (100 Trillion msg) 10 Revenue growth will come from exposing 8 network analytics to 6 Signaling will OTT players growth faster Signaling, 4 data traffic 2 0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 References: Cisco VNC – Data traffic Growth Oracle – LTE Signaling Traffic Growth Signaling and data traffic is growing exponentially. Variety of applications including those with low delay bound, high bandwidth in future. In the future, OTT players will form symbiotic relationship with carriers via dynamic SLA offerings Future core Network should design for massive signaling, low latency and data demand. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD., Proprietary Page 8

IT Cloud Carrier Cloud HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD., Proprietary Page 9

HSS Flexible Mobile Core Distribution : Diameter Charging Analytics AAA DB Network clustered, elastic sites with NFV/SDN 1. centralized + distributed (UP/CP) PCRF DB Mobile Core Data Service 2. dedicated functions at cloud edge (UP/CP) APP Regional Network 3. Centralized CP, distributed UP. IP Network Mobile core Data Service (MDS): Data tier that is loosely coupled to mobile core functions and to network services/apps like DB DB Mobile Core Data Service Mobile Core Data Svc billing, analytics. APP Auth --- Auth API Mobile Core - CP Mobile Core - CP Next Gen Session and Mobility MM/SM MM/SM Management: SDN-C Mobile Core - UP Mobile Core - UP SDN-C support for varying levels of mobility and Data Center Data center state transfers, transactions, QoS, low SWITCH SWITCH SDN Network latency, high reliability. SDN based Transport Plane : white box SORC SORC SORC traffic forwarding, stateful function are handled with in-switch autonomous functions and flexible service chaining Dense Radio Network: Macro/small cells HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD., Proprietary Page 10

HSS Diameter Charging Analytics AAA DB Network PCRF DB REGION Mobile Core Data Service APP DB IP Network Mobile Core Data Service METROPLEX Auth --- Mobile Core - CP MM/SM SDN-C Mobile Core - UP SWITCH DB Multiple 5G slices operating concurrently Mobile Core Data Service A) Central CP, Central UP APP Auth API Mobile Core - CP - NGMN Slice 1: smartphone MM/SM B) Edge CP, Edge UP Mobile Core - UP SDN-C - NGMN Slice 1: smartphone, Slice 2: V2V SDN Network SWITCH C) Central CP, Edge UP LOCALITY - NGMN Slice 3: IoT SORC SORC SORC HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD., Proprietary Page 11

HSS Diameter Charging Analytics AAA DB Network PCRF DB REGION Mobile Core Data Service APP DB IP Network Mobile Core Data Service METROPLEX Auth --- Mobile Core - CP MM/SM SDN-C Mobile Core - UP SWITCH LOCALITY DB DB Mobile Core Data Service Mobile Core Data Service APP Auth API Auth API Mobile Core - CP Mobile Core - CP Radio + Mobile Core in a DC MM/SM MM/SM Support for a combined mobile Mobile Core - UP Mobile Core - UP SDN-C SDN-C SWITCH SWITCH /radio site while also supporting DC Network DC Network mobile core slice that is SORC SORC centralized. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD., Proprietary Page 12

HSS Charging Analytics AAA DB PCRF DB Mobile Core Data Service MME PGW DB Mobile Core Data Service IP Network SGW Auth --- SGW Mobile Core - CP MM/SM SDN-C Mobile Core - UP SWITCH DB Mobile Core Data Service Backhaul network APP Auth API Mobile Core - CP MM/SM Mobile Core - UP SDN-C SWITCH SDN Network eNB eNB eNB SORC SORC SORC eNB HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD., Proprietary Page 13

Data synchronization in Mobile Core: HSS Diameter – Subscriber data : (read heavy) relatively Charging Analytics AAA DB Network infrequent updates. Use mobile core signaling to PCRF resolve stale/out-of-sync data Mobile Core Data Service DB – MM/SM context data : (write heavy) frequent Regional Network updates and routing depends on it. May require locking for maintaining consistency. IP Network – Accounting /charging data : (write heavy) high volume of data. Out-of-sync data can resolved by application (without locking). DB Mobile Core Data Service Mobile Core Data Svc DB Why do we need a distributed data layer ? Auth --- Auth Mobile Core - CP Mobile Core - CP MM/SM – Distributed data service layer that can be MM/SM MM/SM evolved, scaled and deployed independently of SDN-C Mobile Core - UP control. Mobile Core - UP SDN-C – Decoupled operation: need to operate in the Data Center Data center SWITCH SWITCH presence of intermittent wide area SDN Network network/server failures. SORC – Latency of accessing remote database is avoided. SORC SORC – Capability to expose network services Subscriber Data Acct/Charging Data MM/SM Data Dense Radio Network: Macro/small cells HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD., Proprietary Page 14

Carrier Cloud DCs IT Cloud DCs Carrier DB-H SDN-C DB-H SDN-C SDN-C MDS SDN-C Cloudlets MME mgmt SDN-C Auth SDN-C SDN-C MDS MME mgmt GW PCRF Auth SDN-C mgmt GW PCRF DNS MM/SM mgmt GW DNS PCRF DNS MM/SM MM/SM GW GW SDN-C coord MME PCRF DNS MM/SM GW SDN-C coord MDS DB-H MME GW MDS DB-H GW IoT IoT IT to CARRIER DB-H DB-H SWITCH(GW) SWITCH(GW) SDN Backhaul/ IP Network IP Network Backhaul S1 SWITCH(GW) SWITCH(GW) Realize “gateway” functionality with distributed resources : - Multiple controllers in peered and/or hierarchical mode - Few networking abstractions - Forwarding elements that host stateful functions - limited to “ports”. - Service chaining and in-switch autonomous functions - limited support for geographic distribution of net - Core forwarding plane fns buffering, paging, mobility management, metering, charging. functions - Dynamic local measurement services, state monitoring and data aggregation - sub-optimal routing path for network flows Support for computing services at the Edge (e.g., MEC): - low throughput and high latency. - Containerization, pooling of edge cloud resources - Dynamic provisioning across core and edge cloud resources Fast path support for low latency and/or high throughput applications . HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD., Proprietary Page 15

ARNO (June ’15) Brahmaputra (Feb. ’16) Release C Release D - L2/L3 VPN with multi- - Dynamic SFC/VNFFG - Control and data plane - Edge computing tenancy function hosting on - Edge storage - Resource scheduling, forwarding elements - Policy based slicing reservation - MANO for Edge Cloud, - Containerization - SLA provisioning Cloud, Inter and Intra - Advanced resource - Fault management Cloud/Edge Cloud scheduling, reservation - Service assurance - Distributed Data Services - Fault management, high - Multi-site support - Mobile network availability, service - Simple SFC/VNFFG abstractions assurance - ONOS integration with - Dynamic policy mapping - IPv6 for flattening ONOSFW SBI/NBI based on context & state networks - Basic policy support - SON support - Control delegation Low Latency + High Dynamic Policy OpenStack + ODL + ONOS + OC OpenStack + ODL Throughput Hosting VM + Container Support Cluster Level Config. Fixed Network Config. Mobile Network Ready Fixed Network Ready Build & CI for OPNFV release Lab Ready IoT/MTC Ready Light Blue text = work not yet started in HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD., Proprietary Page 16 OPNFV

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