Hows Life? 2015 Measuring well-being 14 October 2015 The OECD - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

How’s Life? 2015

Measuring well-being

14 October 2015

The OECD well-being framework

• People rather than

economic system or GDP

• Outcomes rather than

inputs and outputs

• Both averages and

inequalities

• Both objective and

subjective aspects

• Both today and tomorrow

36 countries

• OECD
• Brazil
• Russia

Source: OECD (2011) How’s Life? Measuring Well-Being, OECD Publishing, Paris, http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264121164-en

Inside the 2015 edition

How’s Life? in figures: an update on well-being, and changes since 2009 Resources for future well-being How’s life for children? The value of giving: Volunteering and well-being Going local: Measuring well-being in regions

Are lives getting better? The OECD picture since 2009 is mixed…

• OECD average household income increased by 1.9% cumulatively between 2009-
• 2013. However, one third of countries experienced a fall over this period
• Long-term unemployment in 2014 remains higher than in 2009 for two thirds of

OECD countries

• Housing has become less affordable in over one third of OECD countries. However,

access to basic sanitation has improved

• 1 in 8 employees in the OECD routinely work very long hours (50 or more per week).

This has gone up slightly since 2009

• Voter turnout has declined in two thirds of OECD countries, when compared to 2007

levels Almost all countries have experienced further gains in upper secondary educational attainment rates since 2009

• Life expectancy now exceeds 80 years in more than two-thirds of OECD countries,

and average life expectancy has increased by 9 months since 2009

How’s life in the United States? (relative to other OECD countries)

This chart shows areas of well-being strengths and weaknesses in the United States, based on a ranking of all OECD countries. Longer lines show areas of relative strength, while shorter lines show areas of relative weakness. For more details, please visit: www.oecd.org/statistics/Hows-Life-2015-country-notes-data.xlsx

How’s life for children in the United States?

How’s Life? 2015 includes a focus on child well-being for the first time Measures follow the OECD framework for measuring well- being, but adopt a child-centred perspective Various data sources are used, but most countries have some data gaps

In the OECD, not all children are getting a good start in life

• 1 in 10 children in the OECD live in homes where no adult has a job
• 1 in 10 children report being bullied at least twice in the past 2 months in OECD countries
• 1 in 7 children live in income poverty, and this has risen since 2007 in more than two

thirds of OECD countries

5 10 15 20 25 30

2011 2007

Child poverty rate

Percentage of children aged 0-17 living in households whose disposable income is below 50% of the median

Note: The latest available year is 2012 for Australia, Hungary, Mexico and the Netherlands; 2010 for Belgium and 2009 for Japan. Source: OECD Income Distribution Database, http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/459aa7f1-en

Comparative performance on child well-being in the OECD

AUT BEL CAN CHE CZE DEU DNK ESP EST FIN FRA GBR GRC HUN IRL ISL ITA LUX NLD NOR POL PRT SVK SVN SWE TUR USA

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

Share of child well-being indicators where a country is among the top third performers Share of child well-being indicators where a country is among the bottom third perfomers

Children pay a high price for inequalities among adults

On average, children from less affluent families find it harder to talk to their parents… …and are more likely to suffer from

• besity

High socio-economic status Low socio-economic status National average

7% 2% 3% 14% 4% 2%

2 4 6 8 10 12 14

United States OECD Poland Obesity (girls and boys, aged 11, 13 and 15.

83% 87% 83% 74% 82% 84%

70% 75% 80% 85% 90%

United States OECD Italy Teenagers who find it easy to talk to at least one of their parents

Parental time with children differs widely across countries

50 100 150 200 250 300

Physical care, supervision (mothers) Teaching, reading, playing with child (mothers) Physical care, supervision (fathers) Teaching, reading, playing with child (fathers)

Time (in minutes) is reported through time-use diaries, and refers to primary activities. Physical care includes childcare and child supervision, as well as (in most countries) time spent transporting children. In Ireland and Korea, physical care does not include time spent on transporting children.

Volunteering can offer win-wins for well-being

• 1 in 3 people of working age volunteer through an
• rganisation at least once a year in OECD countries …

ranging from 18% in Spain and the Czech Republic, to 55% in the United States and Norway

• The value of the time people spend on volunteering

amounts to around 2% of GDP on average in the OECD

• Volunteers have higher skills and earn around 14%

more than non-volunteers

• Volunteers tend to be healthier and more satisfied

with their lives than non-volunteers

• Time-use data from the United States suggests that on

days when people volunteer, they gain an extra hour

• f happiness

Volunteering in the OECD is not inclusive

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

OECD average

Percentage of the working-age population reporting that they volunteered through an organisation during the past 12 months

Primary Tertiary

Education level

Unemployed Full-time employed Lower Higher Middle

Employment status Household income

Where you live affects your opportunities to live well

… and differences within countries can be larger than differences between them

How’s Life? 2015 also makes a start at monitoring resources for future well-being…

What can be said so far?

Natural capital Human capital

• OECD per capita emissions of greenhouse gases have decreased since 2000, but global

atmospheric concentrations continue to rise

• Forest area per capita has decreased 7% in the OECD area since 2000, in the context of

large worldwide net losses

• Biodiversity is often at risk: the proportion of threatened mammals, plants and birds

(as a share of all known species) exceeds 20% in around one third of OECD countries

• The share of 25-34 year olds completing upper secondary education has increased by 8

percentage points since 2000 in the OECD

• In terms of risks to future health, smoking has declined since 2000, with 18.5% of

OECD residents reporting that they smoke every day in 2012, down from 23.8% in 2000.

• However, obesity is on the rise, with 21.8% of the OECD population now considered
• bese (up from 17.8% in 2000)
• The sharp increase in long-term unemployment during the Great Recession also puts

human capital at risk – particularly where much of the burden falls on young people

Social capital Economic capital

• Trust in other people is highest in Denmark, Finland and Norway, and lowest in

France, Czech Republic, Greece, Hungary and Portugal (European data only)

• For the average European OECD country, trust in the police is higher than trust in the

legal system, and trust in the political system is the lowest of all 3 institutions

• Trust, voting, and volunteering are lower among more disadvantaged groups
• Household debt (as a % of disposable income) is higher now than in 2000 in almost all

OECD countries. In around half, it has increased further since the start of the crisis

• Gross fixed capital formation in the OECD remains sluggish, following a very sharp

decrease in 2009

• Between 2000 and 2013, most OECD countries saw a reduction in the financial net

worth of government as a % of GDP

Resources for future well-being

Read How’s Life? 2015 and our country snapshots free online at:

www.oecd.org/howslife

THANK YOU!

For any questions, please contact wellbeing@oecd.org www.oecd.org/measuringprogress www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org

Goal 1: End poverty Goal 2: End hunger, achieve food security Goal 3: Ensure healthy lives Goal 4: Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education Goal 5: Achieve gender equity Goal 6: Ensure availability … of water for all Goal 7: Ensure access to… modern energy for all Goal 8: Promote… economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all Goal 9: Build resilient infrastructure… and foster innovation Goal 10: Reduce inequality within and between countries Goal 11: Make … human settlements inclusive, safe… Goal 12: Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns Goal 13: Take urgent action to combat climate change Goal 14: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans… Goal 15: …promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems Goal 16: Promote peaceful and inclusive societies, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions Goal 17: Strengthen the means of implementation…

Goal 1: End poverty Goal 2: End hunger, achieve food security Goal 3: Ensure healthy lives Goal 4: Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education Goal 5: Achieve gender equity Goal 6: Ensure availability … of water for all Goal 7: Ensure access to… modern energy for all Goal 8: Promote… economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all Goal 9: Build resilient infrastructure… and foster innovation Goal 10: Reduce inequality within and between countries Goal 11: Make … human settlements inclusive, safe… Goal 12: Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns Goal 13: Take urgent action to combat climate change Goal 14: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans… Goal 15: …promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems Goal 16: Promote peaceful and inclusive societies, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions Goal 17: Strengthen the means of implementation…

Goal 1: End poverty Goal 2: End hunger, achieve food security Goal 8: Promote… economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all Goal 11: Make … human settlements inclusive, safe… Goal 3: Ensure healthy lives Goal 4: Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education Goal 16: Promote peaceful and inclusive societies, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions Goal 6: Ensure availability … of water for all Goal 5: Achieve gender equity Goal 10: Reduce inequality within and between countries Goal 7: Ensure access to… modern energy for all Goal 9: Build resilient infrastructure… and foster innovation Goal 12: Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns Goal 13: Take urgent action to combat climate change Goal 14: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans… Goal 15: …promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems Goal 17: Strengthen the means of implementation…

Goal 1: End poverty / Goal 2: End hunger, achieve food security Goal 8: Promote… full and productive employment Goal 11: Make … human settlements inclusive, safe… Goal 3: Ensure healthy lives Goal 8: Promote… decent work for all Goal 4: Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education Goal 16: build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions Goal 6: Ensure availability … of water for all Goal 16: Promote peaceful and inclusive societies, provide access to justice for all

Goal 1: End poverty / Goal 2: End hunger, achieve food security Goal 8: Promote… full and productive employment Goal 11: Make … human settlements inclusive, safe… Goal 3: Ensure healthy lives Goal 8: Promote… decent work for all Goal 4: Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education Goal 16: build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions Goal 6: Ensure availability … of water for all Goal 16: Promote peaceful and inclusive societies, provide access to justice for all

Goal 5: Achieve gender equity Goal 10: Reduce inequality within and between countries

Goal 3: Ensure healthy lives Goal 4: Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education Goal 16: Promote peaceful and inclusive societies, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions Goal 7: Ensure access to… modern energy for all Goal 9: Build resilient infrastructure… and foster innovation Goal 12: Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns Goal 13: Take urgent action to combat climate change Goal 14: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans… Goal 15: …promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems Natural Capital Human Capital Economic Capital Social Capital

Goal 3: Ensure healthy lives Goal 4: Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education Goal 16: Promote peaceful and inclusive societies, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions Goal 7: Ensure access to… modern energy for all Goal 9: Build resilient infrastructure… and foster innovation Goal 12: Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns Goal 13: Take urgent action to combat climate change Goal 14: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans… Goal 15: …promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems Natural Capital Human Capital Economic Capital Social Capital

Goal 17: Strengthen the means of implementation…