history of the supercomputers
play

History of the Supercomputers Vincent Keller - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Oct 22, 2022 •377 likes •880 views

History of the Supercomputers Vincent Keller (Vincent.Keller@epfl.ch) CADMOS October 23, 2013 Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 1 / 50 Summary Introduction 1 1930 - 1965 : The first computers 2 1965 - 1996

  1. History of the Supercomputers Vincent Keller (Vincent.Keller@epfl.ch) CADMOS October 23, 2013 Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 1 / 50

  2. Summary Introduction 1 1930 - 1965 : The first computers 2 1965 - 1996 : The “real” supercomputers 3 1996 - Today : Beowulf clusters 4 2000’s : The return of the specialized machines 5 A very special supercomputer 6 Conclusion 7 Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 2 / 50

  3. Introduction Outline Introduction 1 1930 - 1965 : The first computers 2 1965 - 1996 : The “real” supercomputers 3 1996 - Today : Beowulf clusters 4 2000’s : The return of the specialized machines 5 A very special supercomputer 6 Conclusion 7 Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 3 / 50

  4. Introduction From “computer” and “supercomputer” definitions... Faster than human being Electronic machine Digital processing of the information Stored program Execution of instructions Huge computational power Small cycle times Huge resources Parallel operations Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 4 / 50

  5. 1930 - 1965 : The first computers Outline Introduction 1 1930 - 1965 : The first computers 2 1965 - 1996 : The “real” supercomputers 3 1996 - Today : Beowulf clusters 4 2000’s : The return of the specialized machines 5 A very special supercomputer 6 Conclusion 7 Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 5 / 50

  6. 1930 - 1965 : The first computers 1937 : FASTER THAN HUMAN BEING Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 6 / 50

  7. 1930 - 1965 : The first computers Konrad Zuse, Z1 - Z4 1937 Z1 : mecanical machine http://www.horst-zuse.homepage.t-online.de/z1.html Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 7 / 50

  8. 1930 - 1965 : The first computers Konrad Zuse, Z1 - Z4 1941 : ELECTRO-MECANICAL MACHINE (relays + mecanics) Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 8 / 50

  9. 1930 - 1965 : The first computers Konrad Zuse, Z1 - Z4 1941 Z3 : electro-mechanical http://www.horst-zuse.homepage.t-online.de/z3.html Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 9 / 50

  10. 1930 - 1965 : The first computers Harvard MARK 1 1944 FULL ELECTRONIC MACHINE (vacuum tubes) DIGITAL PROCESSING (Military classified machines) Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 10 / 50

  11. 1930 - 1965 : The first computers Harvard MARK 1 1944 Harvard MARK 1 (IBM ASCC) : ballistics and warship design http://www.computermuseum.li Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 11 / 50

  12. 1930 - 1965 : The first computers Colossus 1942 ENIGMA, Lorentz SZ/42 http://www.cryptomuseum.com Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 12 / 50

  13. 1930 - 1965 : The first computers Colossus 1944 Colossus : decypher Nazis codes Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 13 / 50

  14. 1930 - 1965 : The first computers ENIAC 1946 ENIAC, full electronic, first Turing-complete http://www.fi.edu/learn/case-files/eckertmauchly/ENIAC_Image_2.jpg Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 14 / 50

  15. 1930 - 1965 : The first computers Manchester MARK 1 1948 : STORED PROGRAMS Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 15 / 50

  16. 1930 - 1965 : The first computers Manchester MARK 1 1948 Manchester MARK 1 : stored programs Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 16 / 50

  17. 1930 - 1965 : The first computers IBM 701 1954 : FIRST COMMERCIAL SUCCESS Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 17 / 50

  18. 1930 - 1965 : The first computers IBM 701 1954 IBM 701 : First commercial success http://www.columbia.edu Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 18 / 50

  19. 1930 - 1965 : The first computers Experimental Transistor Computer 1955 : FROM VACUUM TUBES TO TRANSISTORS Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 19 / 50

  20. 1930 - 1965 : The first computers Experimental Transistor Computer 1953 University of Manchester Experimental Transistor Computer Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 20 / 50

  21. 1965 - 1996 : The “real” supercomputers Outline Introduction 1 1930 - 1965 : The first computers 2 1965 - 1996 : The “real” supercomputers 3 1996 - Today : Beowulf clusters 4 2000’s : The return of the specialized machines 5 A very special supercomputer 6 Conclusion 7 Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 21 / 50

  22. 1965 - 1996 : The “real” supercomputers CDC 6600 1965 : PARALLEL OPERATIONS Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 22 / 50

  23. 1965 - 1996 : The “real” supercomputers CDC 6600 1965 CDC 6600 : First commercial supercomputer http://www.computer-history.info Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 23 / 50

  24. 1965 - 1996 : The “real” supercomputers Cray 1 1976 : VECTOR ARCHITECTURE Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 24 / 50

  25. 1965 - 1996 : The “real” supercomputers Cray 1 1976 Cray 1 : The revolution Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 25 / 50 http://www.cbi.umn.edu

  26. 1965 - 1996 : The “real” supercomputers Cray 1 Cray 1 at EPFL http://www.epfl.ch Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 26 / 50

  27. 1965 - 1996 : The “real” supercomputers Cray X-MP 1982 : PARALLEL VECTOR PROCESSORS Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 27 / 50

  28. 1965 - 1996 : The “real” supercomputers Cray X-MP 1982 Cray X-MP : Parallel vector CPUs http://www.craysupercomputers.com Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 28 / 50

  29. 1965 - 1996 : The “real” supercomputers Cray X-MP Cray X-MP at EPFL (originally from CERN) http://www.epfl.ch Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 29 / 50

  30. 1965 - 1996 : The “real” supercomputers Cray 2 1985 Cray 2 : Very large memory (2 GB) http://www.craysupercomputers.com Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 30 / 50

  31. 1965 - 1996 : The “real” supercomputers Cray 2 Cray 2 at l’EPFL http://www.epfl.ch Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 31 / 50

  32. 1965 - 1996 : The “real” supercomputers Thinking Machines CM-2 and CM-5 1987 : MASSIVELY PARALLEL MACHINES Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 32 / 50

  33. 1965 - 1996 : The “real” supercomputers Thinking Machines CM-2 and CM-5 1987 CM-2 : a visionnary idea http://www.new-npac.org Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 33 / 50

  34. 1965 - 1996 : The “real” supercomputers Thinking Machines CM-2 and CM-5 1993 : BEGINNING OF TOP500 Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 34 / 50

  35. 1965 - 1996 : The “real” supercomputers Thinking Machines CM-2 and CM-5 1993 CM-5 : Very first #1 TOP500 Thinking Machines brochure Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 35 / 50

  36. 1965 - 1996 : The “real” supercomputers The (temporary) end mid nineties END OF PROPRIETARY DESIGN. OPEN-SOURCE (real) BIRTH Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 36 / 50

  37. 1996 - Today : Beowulf clusters Outline Introduction 1 1930 - 1965 : The first computers 2 1965 - 1996 : The “real” supercomputers 3 1996 - Today : Beowulf clusters 4 2000’s : The return of the specialized machines 5 A very special supercomputer 6 Conclusion 7 Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 37 / 50

  38. 1996 - Today : Beowulf clusters NASA Beowulf 1994 NASA Goddard : Thomas Sterling starts waste recovery http://www.nasa.gov Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 38 / 50

  39. 1996 - Today : Beowulf clusters EPFL : Bellatrix mid 2000’s : MULTI-CORES NODES Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 39 / 50

  40. 1996 - Today : Beowulf clusters EPFL : Bellatrix 2012 Bellatrix : A standard cluster http://hpc.epfl.ch Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 40 / 50

  41. 2000’s : The return of the specialized machines Outline Introduction 1 1930 - 1965 : The first computers 2 1965 - 1996 : The “real” supercomputers 3 1996 - Today : Beowulf clusters 4 2000’s : The return of the specialized machines 5 A very special supercomputer 6 Conclusion 7 Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 41 / 50

  42. 2000’s : The return of the specialized machines IBM BG/L 2005 : MASSIVELY PARALLEL, MULTI-CORES NODES Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 42 / 50

  43. 2000’s : The return of the specialized machines IBM BG/L 2005 IBM BlueGene/L : 16’384 nodes http://hpc.epfl.ch Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 43 / 50

Download Presentation
Download Policy: The content available on the website is offered to you 'AS IS' for your personal information and use only. It cannot be commercialized, licensed, or distributed on other websites without prior consent from the author. To download a presentation, simply click this link. If you encounter any difficulties during the download process, it's possible that the publisher has removed the file from their server.

Recommend

Supercomputers and Supercomputers and Clusters and Clusters and Grid, Grid, Oh My! Oh My!

Supercomputers and Supercomputers and Clusters and Clusters and Grid, Grid, Oh My! Oh My!

Supercomputers and Supercomputers and Clusters and Clusters and Grid, Grid, Oh My! Oh My! Jack Dongarra University of Tennessee and Oak Ridge National Laboratory and SFI Walton Visitor University College Dublin 1 Apologies to Frank

796 views • 41 slides
The Integrative Role of COWs and Supercomputers in Research and Education Activities Don

The Integrative Role of COWs and Supercomputers in Research and Education Activities Don

The Integrative Role of COWs and Supercomputers in Research and Education Activities Don Morton, Ganesh Prabu, Daniel Sandholdt, Lee Slater Department of Computer Science The University of Montana COW's and Supercomputers - CUG 1999

664 views • 30 slides
LARGE SCALE VISUALIZATION ON GPU ACCELERATED SUPERCOMPUTERS Peter Messmer, 11/16/2015

LARGE SCALE VISUALIZATION ON GPU ACCELERATED SUPERCOMPUTERS Peter Messmer, 11/16/2015

LARGE SCALE VISUALIZATION ON GPU ACCELERATED SUPERCOMPUTERS Peter Messmer, 11/16/2015 VISUALIZATION-ENABLED SUPERCOMPUTERS NCSA Blue Waters CSCS Piz Daint ORNL Titan Galaxy formation Molecular dynamics Cosmology

212 views • 18 slides
Dataflow Supercomputers Michael J. Flynn Maxeler T echnologies and Stanford University Outline

Dataflow Supercomputers Michael J. Flynn Maxeler T echnologies and Stanford University Outline

Dataflow Supercomputers Michael J. Flynn Maxeler T echnologies and Stanford University Outline History Dataflow as a supercomputer technology openSPL: generalizing the dataflow programming model Optimizing the hardware for

423 views • 40 slides
Improving Hadoop MapReduce Performance on Supercomputers with JVM Reuse Thanh-Chung Dao and

Improving Hadoop MapReduce Performance on Supercomputers with JVM Reuse Thanh-Chung Dao and

1 Thanh-Chung Dao Improving Hadoop MapReduce Performance on Supercomputers with JVM Reuse Thanh-Chung Dao and Shigeru Chiba The University of Tokyo 2 Thanh-Chung Dao Supercomputers Expensive clusters Multi-core processors Large

401 views • 38 slides
Efficient Scientific Data Efficient Scientific Data Management on Supercomputers Management on

Efficient Scientific Data Efficient Scientific Data Management on Supercomputers Management on

Efficient Scientific Data Efficient Scientific Data Management on Supercomputers Management on Supercomputers Suren Byna Scientific Data Management Group, LBNL Scientific Data - Where is it coming from? Simulations Experiments

662 views • 55 slides
Use of NSF Supercomputers Rob Gardner, University of Chicago OSG Council, Indianapolis, October

Use of NSF Supercomputers Rob Gardner, University of Chicago OSG Council, Indianapolis, October

Use of NSF Supercomputers Rob Gardner, University of Chicago OSG Council, Indianapolis, October 3, 2017 1 Acknoweledgements !! Frank Wuerthwein Edgar Fajardo Mark Neubauer, Dave Lesny & Peter Onyisi Mats Rynge Rob Quick 2 Goal

676 views • 28 slides
transfer package for next-generation supercomputers Approved for public release Benjamin R.

transfer package for next-generation supercomputers Approved for public release Benjamin R.

Porting the RTE+RRTMGP radiative transfer package for next-generation supercomputers Approved for public release Benjamin R. Hillman (SNL), Matthew Norman (ORNL), Robert Pincus (CU) Two paths toward a DOE global cloud-permitting model

483 views • 19 slides
SUPERCOMPUTERS TO SUPERCARS Bill Veenhuis Sr. Solutions Architect, Automotive

SUPERCOMPUTERS TO SUPERCARS Bill Veenhuis Sr. Solutions Architect, Automotive

SUPERCOMPUTERS TO SUPERCARS Bill Veenhuis Sr. Solutions Architect, Automotive bveenhuis@nvidia.com Sept 10, 2015 NVIDIA GAMING AUTO ENTERPRISE HPC & CLOUD THE WORLD LEADER IN VISUAL COMPUTING PARALLEL PROCESSING IS THE KEY CPU GPU

671 views • 32 slides
Adaptive Metric-Aware Job Scheduling for Production Supercomputers Wei Tang, Dongxu Ren,

Adaptive Metric-Aware Job Scheduling for Production Supercomputers Wei Tang, Dongxu Ren,

Motivation Solutions Experiments Summary Adaptive Metric-Aware Job Scheduling for Production Supercomputers Wei Tang, Dongxu Ren, Narayan Desai, Zhiling Lan Argonne National Laboratory, Illinois Institute of Technology

633 views • 35 slides
Capacity Planning of Supercomputers Simulating MPI Applications at Scale Tom Cornebize Under the

Capacity Planning of Supercomputers Simulating MPI Applications at Scale Tom Cornebize Under the

Capacity Planning of Supercomputers Simulating MPI Applications at Scale Tom Cornebize Under the supervision of Arnaud Legrand 21 June 2017 Laboratoire dInformatique de Grenoble Ensimag - Grenoble INP Introduction Top500 Sunway

962 views • 58 slides
Simulating Supernovae with Supercomputers Don Willcox Center for Computational Sciences and

Simulating Supernovae with Supercomputers Don Willcox Center for Computational Sciences and

Simulating Supernovae with Supercomputers Don Willcox Center for Computational Sciences and Engineering Computational Research Division 2020 CS Summer Student Seminar Office of BERKELEY LAB 1 Science What are Type Ia Supernovae? SN 1994D

651 views • 16 slides
BENCHMARKING SUPERCOMPUTERS IN THE POST-MOORE ERA Dan Stanzione Executive Director, Texas

BENCHMARKING SUPERCOMPUTERS IN THE POST-MOORE ERA Dan Stanzione Executive Director, Texas

BENCHMARKING SUPERCOMPUTERS IN THE POST-MOORE ERA Dan Stanzione Executive Director, Texas Advanced Computing Center Associate Vice President for Research, The University of Texas at Austin Bench19 Conference, Denver November 2019 TO TALK

561 views • 33 slides
IS TOPOLOGY IMPORTANT AGAIN? Effects of contention on message latencies in large supercomputers

IS TOPOLOGY IMPORTANT AGAIN? Effects of contention on message latencies in large supercomputers

IS TOPOLOGY IMPORTANT AGAIN? Effects of contention on message latencies in large supercomputers Abhinav S Bhatele and Laxmikant V Kale Parallel Programming Laboratory, UIUC Outline Why should we consider topology aware mapping for optimizing

371 views • 22 slides
Black-hole binary simulations on supercomputers U. Sperhake CSIC-IEEC Barcelona 2 nd Iberian

Black-hole binary simulations on supercomputers U. Sperhake CSIC-IEEC Barcelona 2 nd Iberian

Black-hole binary simulations on supercomputers U. Sperhake CSIC-IEEC Barcelona 2 nd Iberian Gravitational Wave Meeting 17 th February 2012 U. Sperhake (CSIC-IEEC) Black-hole binary simulations on supercomputers 17/02/2012 1 / 43 Overview

686 views • 42 slides
Scheduling Many-Task Workloads on Supercomputers Dealing with Trailing Tasks Timothy G.

Scheduling Many-Task Workloads on Supercomputers Dealing with Trailing Tasks Timothy G.

Scheduling Many-Task Workloads on Supercomputers Dealing with Trailing Tasks Timothy G. Armstrong, Zhao Zhang Daniel S. Katz, Michael Wilde, Ian T. Foster Department of Computer Science Computation Institute University of Chicago University

454 views • 20 slides
YapDss: an Or-Parallel Prolog System for Scalable Beowulf Clusters Ricardo Rocha Fernando Silva

YapDss: an Or-Parallel Prolog System for Scalable Beowulf Clusters Ricardo Rocha Fernando Silva

YapDss: an Or-Parallel Prolog System for Scalable Beowulf Clusters Ricardo Rocha Fernando Silva Rolando Martins { ricroc,fds,rolando } @ncc.up.pt DCC-FC & LIACC University of Porto, Portugal YapDss: an Or-Parallel Prolog System for

299 views • 29 slides
Computer Science & Engineering 150A Administrivia Problem Solving Using Computers Overview

Computer Science & Engineering 150A Administrivia Problem Solving Using Computers Overview

Notes CSCE150A Computer Science & Engineering 150A Administrivia Problem Solving Using Computers Overview Hardware Lecture 01 - Course Introduction Software Example Program Pseudocode Stephen Scott Flowchart (Adapted from

403 views • 16 slides
Virtualization instructor: Peter Baumann email: p.baumann@jacobs-university.de tel: -3178

Virtualization instructor: Peter Baumann email: p.baumann@jacobs-university.de tel: -3178

Virtualization instructor: Peter Baumann email: p.baumann@jacobs-university.de tel: -3178 office: Research 1, room 88 It was much nicer before people started storing all their data in the Cloud. 340151 Big Databases & Cloud

587 views • 11 slides
Simplest Scalable Architecture NOW Network Of Workstations Many types of Clusters (form

Simplest Scalable Architecture NOW Network Of Workstations Many types of Clusters (form

Cluster Computing Simplest Scalable Architecture NOW Network Of Workstations Many types of Clusters (form HPs Dr. Bruce J. Walker) Cluster Computing High Performance Clusters Beowulf; 1000 nodes; parallel programs; MPI

1.19k views • 84 slides
Comparison of different solution strategies for structure deformation using hybrid OpenMP-MPI

Comparison of different solution strategies for structure deformation using hybrid OpenMP-MPI

Comparison of different solution strategies for structure deformation using hybrid OpenMP-MPI methods Miguel Vargas, Salvador Botello 1/29 Description of the problem Description of the problem This is a high performance/large scale

661 views • 29 slides
Architectures for Parallel Processing Current Architectures for Parallel "With the

Architectures for Parallel Processing Current Architectures for Parallel "With the

Architectures for Parallel Processing Current Architectures for Parallel "With the development of new kinds of equipment of Processing greater capacity, and particularly of greater speed, it is almost certain that new methods will have to

227 views • 12 slides
Welcome Overview of the week 29 April to 03 May, 2013 Week 18 29 Monday 30 Tuesday 1

Welcome Overview of the week 29 April to 03 May, 2013 Week 18 29 Monday 30 Tuesday 1

Welcome Overview of the week 29 April to 03 May, 2013 Week 18 29 Monday 30 Tuesday 1 Wednesday 2 Thursday 3 Friday Worker's Day 8 AM 9 AM Introduction to Course, CUDA applications I. John A brief OpenACC intro plus Future Nvidia

857 views • 44 slides
Advanced Charm++ Tutorial Presented by: Isaac Dooley & Chao Mei 4/20/2007 1 Topics For

Advanced Charm++ Tutorial Presented by: Isaac Dooley & Chao Mei 4/20/2007 1 Topics For

Advanced Charm++ Tutorial Presented by: Isaac Dooley & Chao Mei 4/20/2007 1 Topics For This Talk Building Charm++ Advanced messaging Interface file (.ci) Advanced load balancing Groups Threads Delegation

1.2k views • 85 slides

More recommend