History of the Supercomputers Vincent Keller - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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History of the Supercomputers Vincent Keller - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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History of the Supercomputers Vincent Keller (Vincent.Keller@epfl.ch) CADMOS October 23, 2013 Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 1 / 50 Summary Introduction 1 1930 - 1965 : The first computers 2 1965 - 1996

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SLIDE 1

History of the Supercomputers

Vincent Keller (Vincent.Keller@epfl.ch)

CADMOS

October 23, 2013

Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 1 / 50

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SLIDE 2

Summary

1

Introduction

2

1930 - 1965 : The first computers

3

1965 - 1996 : The “real” supercomputers

4

1996 - Today : Beowulf clusters

5

2000’s : The return of the specialized machines

6

A very special supercomputer

7

Conclusion

Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 2 / 50

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SLIDE 3

Introduction

Outline

1

Introduction

2

1930 - 1965 : The first computers

3

1965 - 1996 : The “real” supercomputers

4

1996 - Today : Beowulf clusters

5

2000’s : The return of the specialized machines

6

A very special supercomputer

7

Conclusion

Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 3 / 50

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SLIDE 4

Introduction

From “computer” and “supercomputer” definitions...

Faster than human being Electronic machine Digital processing of the information Stored program Execution of instructions Huge computational power Small cycle times Huge resources Parallel operations

Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 4 / 50

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SLIDE 5

1930 - 1965 : The first computers

Outline

1

Introduction

2

1930 - 1965 : The first computers

3

1965 - 1996 : The “real” supercomputers

4

1996 - Today : Beowulf clusters

5

2000’s : The return of the specialized machines

6

A very special supercomputer

7

Conclusion

Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 5 / 50

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SLIDE 6

1930 - 1965 : The first computers

1937 : FASTER THAN HUMAN BEING

Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 6 / 50

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SLIDE 7

1930 - 1965 : The first computers Konrad Zuse, Z1 - Z4

1937 Z1 : mecanical machine

http://www.horst-zuse.homepage.t-online.de/z1.html Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 7 / 50

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SLIDE 8

1930 - 1965 : The first computers Konrad Zuse, Z1 - Z4

1941 : ELECTRO-MECANICAL MACHINE (relays + mecanics)

Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 8 / 50

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SLIDE 9

1930 - 1965 : The first computers Konrad Zuse, Z1 - Z4

1941 Z3 : electro-mechanical

http://www.horst-zuse.homepage.t-online.de/z3.html Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 9 / 50

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SLIDE 10

1930 - 1965 : The first computers Harvard MARK 1

1944 FULL ELECTRONIC MACHINE (vacuum tubes) DIGITAL PROCESSING (Military classified machines)

Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 10 / 50

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SLIDE 11

1930 - 1965 : The first computers Harvard MARK 1

1944 Harvard MARK 1 (IBM ASCC) : ballistics and warship design

http://www.computermuseum.li Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 11 / 50

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SLIDE 12

1930 - 1965 : The first computers Colossus

1942 ENIGMA, Lorentz SZ/42

http://www.cryptomuseum.com Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 12 / 50

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SLIDE 13

1930 - 1965 : The first computers Colossus

1944 Colossus : decypher Nazis codes

Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 13 / 50

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SLIDE 14

1930 - 1965 : The first computers ENIAC

1946 ENIAC, full electronic, first Turing-complete

http://www.fi.edu/learn/case-files/eckertmauchly/ENIAC_Image_2.jpg Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 14 / 50

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SLIDE 15

1930 - 1965 : The first computers Manchester MARK 1

1948 : STORED PROGRAMS

Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 15 / 50

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SLIDE 16

1930 - 1965 : The first computers Manchester MARK 1

1948 Manchester MARK 1 : stored programs

Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 16 / 50

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SLIDE 17

1930 - 1965 : The first computers IBM 701

1954 : FIRST COMMERCIAL SUCCESS

Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 17 / 50

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SLIDE 18

1930 - 1965 : The first computers IBM 701

1954 IBM 701 : First commercial success

http://www.columbia.edu Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 18 / 50

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SLIDE 19

1930 - 1965 : The first computers Experimental Transistor Computer

1955 : FROM VACUUM TUBES TO TRANSISTORS

Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 19 / 50

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SLIDE 20

1930 - 1965 : The first computers Experimental Transistor Computer

1953 University of Manchester Experimental Transistor Computer

Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 20 / 50

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SLIDE 21

1965 - 1996 : The “real” supercomputers

Outline

1

Introduction

2

1930 - 1965 : The first computers

3

1965 - 1996 : The “real” supercomputers

4

1996 - Today : Beowulf clusters

5

2000’s : The return of the specialized machines

6

A very special supercomputer

7

Conclusion

Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 21 / 50

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SLIDE 22

1965 - 1996 : The “real” supercomputers CDC 6600

1965 : PARALLEL OPERATIONS

Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 22 / 50

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SLIDE 23

1965 - 1996 : The “real” supercomputers CDC 6600

1965 CDC 6600 : First commercial supercomputer

http://www.computer-history.info Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 23 / 50

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SLIDE 24

1965 - 1996 : The “real” supercomputers Cray 1

1976 : VECTOR ARCHITECTURE

Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 24 / 50

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SLIDE 25

1965 - 1996 : The “real” supercomputers Cray 1

1976 Cray 1 : The revolution

http://www.cbi.umn.edu Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 25 / 50

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SLIDE 26

1965 - 1996 : The “real” supercomputers Cray 1

Cray 1 at EPFL

http://www.epfl.ch Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 26 / 50

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SLIDE 27

1965 - 1996 : The “real” supercomputers Cray X-MP

1982 : PARALLEL VECTOR PROCESSORS

Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 27 / 50

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SLIDE 28

1965 - 1996 : The “real” supercomputers Cray X-MP

1982 Cray X-MP : Parallel vector CPUs

http://www.craysupercomputers.com Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 28 / 50

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SLIDE 29

1965 - 1996 : The “real” supercomputers Cray X-MP

Cray X-MP at EPFL (originally from CERN)

http://www.epfl.ch Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 29 / 50

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SLIDE 30

1965 - 1996 : The “real” supercomputers Cray 2

1985 Cray 2 : Very large memory (2 GB)

http://www.craysupercomputers.com Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 30 / 50

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SLIDE 31

1965 - 1996 : The “real” supercomputers Cray 2

Cray 2 at l’EPFL

http://www.epfl.ch Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 31 / 50

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SLIDE 32

1965 - 1996 : The “real” supercomputers Thinking Machines CM-2 and CM-5

1987 : MASSIVELY PARALLEL MACHINES

Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 32 / 50

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SLIDE 33

1965 - 1996 : The “real” supercomputers Thinking Machines CM-2 and CM-5

1987 CM-2 : a visionnary idea

http://www.new-npac.org Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 33 / 50

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SLIDE 34

1965 - 1996 : The “real” supercomputers Thinking Machines CM-2 and CM-5

1993 : BEGINNING OF TOP500

Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 34 / 50

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SLIDE 35

1965 - 1996 : The “real” supercomputers Thinking Machines CM-2 and CM-5

1993 CM-5 : Very first #1 TOP500

Thinking Machines brochure Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 35 / 50

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SLIDE 36

1965 - 1996 : The “real” supercomputers The (temporary) end

mid nineties END OF PROPRIETARY DESIGN. OPEN-SOURCE (real) BIRTH

Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 36 / 50

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SLIDE 37

1996 - Today : Beowulf clusters

Outline

1

Introduction

2

1930 - 1965 : The first computers

3

1965 - 1996 : The “real” supercomputers

4

1996 - Today : Beowulf clusters

5

2000’s : The return of the specialized machines

6

A very special supercomputer

7

Conclusion

Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 37 / 50

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SLIDE 38

1996 - Today : Beowulf clusters NASA Beowulf

1994 NASA Goddard : Thomas Sterling starts waste recovery

http://www.nasa.gov Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 38 / 50

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SLIDE 39

1996 - Today : Beowulf clusters EPFL : Bellatrix

mid 2000’s : MULTI-CORES NODES

Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 39 / 50

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SLIDE 40

1996 - Today : Beowulf clusters EPFL : Bellatrix

2012 Bellatrix : A standard cluster

http://hpc.epfl.ch Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 40 / 50

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SLIDE 41

2000’s : The return of the specialized machines

Outline

1

Introduction

2

1930 - 1965 : The first computers

3

1965 - 1996 : The “real” supercomputers

4

1996 - Today : Beowulf clusters

5

2000’s : The return of the specialized machines

6

A very special supercomputer

7

Conclusion

Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 41 / 50

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SLIDE 42

2000’s : The return of the specialized machines IBM BG/L

2005 : MASSIVELY PARALLEL, MULTI-CORES NODES

Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 42 / 50

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SLIDE 43

2000’s : The return of the specialized machines IBM BG/L

2005 IBM BlueGene/L : 16’384 nodes

http://hpc.epfl.ch Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 43 / 50

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SLIDE 44

2000’s : The return of the specialized machines IBM BG/P

2008 IBM BlueGene/P : An evolution

http://hpc.epfl.ch Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 44 / 50

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SLIDE 45

2000’s : The return of the specialized machines IBM BG/Q

2011 IBM BlueGene/Q : A revolution

http://hpc.epfl.ch Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 45 / 50

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SLIDE 46

A very special supercomputer

Outline

1

Introduction

2

1930 - 1965 : The first computers

3

1965 - 1996 : The “real” supercomputers

4

1996 - Today : Beowulf clusters

5

2000’s : The return of the specialized machines

6

A very special supercomputer

7

Conclusion

Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 46 / 50

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SLIDE 47

A very special supercomputer

Peak performance : An interesting comparison

Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 47 / 50

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SLIDE 48

Conclusion

Outline

1

Introduction

2

1930 - 1965 : The first computers

3

1965 - 1996 : The “real” supercomputers

4

1996 - Today : Beowulf clusters

5

2000’s : The return of the specialized machines

6

A very special supercomputer

7

Conclusion

Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 48 / 50

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SLIDE 49

Conclusion

Cray XT4

Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 49 / 50

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SLIDE 50

Conclusion

Thanks Questions ?

Vincent Keller (CADMOS) CADMOS Retreat, Leysin October 23, 2013 50 / 50