HIDING IN PLAIN SIGHT: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF COMBOSQUATTING ABUSE P . K I N T I S , N . M I R A M I R K H A N I , C . L E V E R , Y . C H E N , R . R O M E R O - G ó M E Z , N . P I T R O P A K I S , N . N I K I F O R A K I S , M . A N T O N A K A K I S O C T O B E R 3 1 , 2 0 1 7
A BRIEF STORY… • …it was about a year ago • Visited nikeshoppings.com • Bought a pair of shoes for 80€ • Shoes never appeared • nikeshoppings.com disappeared (!) 2
IS IT THAT EASY? Oct 5, 2015 – Aug 19, 2016 455B RRs (30.5TB) Jan 1, 2011 – Oct 14, 2015 13B RRs (18TB) 3
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COMBOSQUATTING DEFINITION Before we continue… ^[a-zA-Z0-9-]* [a-zA-Z0-9-]* • Must contain the trademark intact • Must not be typosquatting 5
TRADEMARKS • 268 trademarks • 22 categories 6
COMBOSQUATTING DOMAINS Passive DNS Active DNS • Combosquatting domains in different business categories • Thousands of combosquatting domains for many trademarks 7
COMBOSQUATTING DOMAINS Existing Domains Typosquatting Upper Bound Domains Used Passive DNS Active DNS • Active combosquatting domain names over almost six years • Static number of domain names resolved • Increasing trend in domain name registrations over time 8
COMBOSQUATTING DNS DATASETS • 9,283 Jan 2011 – Oct 2016 Malware • 6,886 1.1B • 3,750 Dec 2012 – Sep 2016 Passive PBL • 2,321,914 • 4,787 610M • 2,296 Jul 2009 – Sep 2016 Active Spam • 1,022,083 • 6,400 966K • 59 Oct 2008 – Nov 2016 APT 22K • 56 9
PHISHING ATTACKS bankofamerica -com-login-sys-update-online.com 10
SOCIAL ENGINEERING ATTACKS airbnb forbeginners.com 11
TIP OF THE ICEBERG • activatemycrbankofamerica.com • activatemycrebankofamerica.com • activatemycredbankofamerica.com • activatemycredibankofamerica.com • activatemycreditbankofamerica.com • activatemycreditcabankofamerica.com • activatemycreditcarbankofamerica.com • activatemycreditcardbankofamerica.com 12
COMBOSQUATTING DOMAIN RESOLUTION Collection Errors Domain name resolutions by clients in North America 13
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PERSISTENCE 15
IN X.509 WE TRUST • 691,182 TLS certificates • 107,572 combosquatting FQDNs 41.5% 16
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LEXICAL CHARACTERISTICS 18
WORD DISTRIBUTION Financial Sector Comcast Chevron Social Networks 19
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COMBOSQUATTING ANALYSIS Init Affiliate Abuse Phishing Processing • Start with 1.3M • Redirection • Found 40K • Selected the combosquatting through domains with most popular domains from affiliates login forms domains the Active DNS • 2,573 domains • Manually • Created clusters dataset identified 174 and labeled 8.7K unique phishing domains pages Unrelated 11.23% Unknown 86.6% Suspicious 88.77% Phishing 0.9% Social Engineering 13.62% Malicious 13.39% Affiliate Abuse 15.56% Trademark Abuse 69.9% 21
The Chevron Case 22
CAN WE SOLVE THE PROBLEM? • Registrants Defensive registrations (very hard) • Do not use your trademark in new domains for campaigns (paypal-prepaid[.]com) • • Registrars Flag domains that contain popular trademarks • Request verification and hand-verify the registration request • • Third Parties Domain analysis systems should take combosquatting into consideration • 23
REGISTRARS TAKING ACTION 24
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THE EQUIFAX CASE Aug 22 equifax security2017.com equifax .com securityequifax2017.com Sep 8 26
The Chevron Case bit.ly/combosquatting-john-oliver: equifax fraudprevention.com 27
Thank you THANK YOU! PANAGIOTIS KINTIS KINTIS@GATECH.EDU
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