Health Perspective on Food Systems Kathryn Savoie, Ph.D. Detroit - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Health Perspective on Food Systems Kathryn Savoie, Ph.D. Detroit - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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An Environmental Health Perspective on Food Systems Kathryn Savoie, Ph.D. Detroit Community Health Director March 20, 2020 Learning Objectives List 2 examples of how an industrialized food system results in adverse health outcomes in

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An Environmental Health Perspective

  • n Food Systems

Kathryn Savoie, Ph.D.

Detroit Community Health Director

March 20, 2020

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Learning Objectives

  • List 2 examples of how an

industrialized food system results in adverse health

  • utcomes in the US
  • Identify 2 actions that health

professionals can engage in to create a healthy food system at an institutional/ organizational level

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Scope of Presentation

Part I:

  • What is a Food System?
  • Health Care Advocacy
  • Health Concerns of an Industrialized Food

System

  • Climate Change
  • Pesticides

Part II: Making Change

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An Ecological Health Framework

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What is Healthy Food?

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A Food Systems Approach

Healthy food has high nutritional value and comes from a food system that is ecologically sound economically viable, and socially responsible.

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What is a Food System?

✔ Growing ✔ Harvesting ✔ Processing ✔ Packaging ✔ Transportation ✔ Marketing ✔ Consumption ✔ Waste Disposal

(food and packaging)

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What is a Food System?

✔ All inputs used ✔ All outputs generated ✔ Operates within and is influenced by social, political, economic and environmental context ✔ human resources that provide labor, research and education

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What is a Food System?

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Conventional (Industrial) Food Systems

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Conventional (Industrial) Food Systems

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Conventional/Industrial Food Systems

  • Large scale, monoculture
  • Industrial machinery, fossil fuels
  • Separates animal and plant production
  • Favors distant distribution/processed foods
  • Favors the use of pesticides and synthetic fertilizers
  • Produces large quantities of highly processed calorie-

rich, nutrient-poor food

  • Major driver of obesity, some kinds of cancer,

malnutrition, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and

  • ther chronic diseases.
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Alternative Food Systems

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  • Health care sector bears the burden of

treating illness associated with our broken food system.

  • Health care providers interact daily with

people who experience food-related disease, and may be receptive to a food systems approach

  • Healthcare professionals have

credibility, influence, and expertise.

Healthcare Advocacy

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Anti-smoking campaigns is an excellent model.

Healthcare Advocacy

Multiple interventions at many levels:

  • Regulation
  • changing health care

environments

  • addressing advertising
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ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH CONCERNS IN OUR FOOD SYSTEM

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THE FOOD SYSTEM: MICHIGAN APPLES

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GROWING HARVESTING WASHING, GRADING, WAXING PACKING DISTRIBUTING PROCESSING PACKAGING RETAILING PREPARING CONSUMING DISPOSING COMPOSTING

THE FOOD SYSTEM: MICHIGAN APPLES

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Key health concerns with our industrialized food system

◻ Exposure to toxic

chemicals

◻ Antibiotic resistance ◻ Food-borne illness ◻ Genetically modified

  • rganisms (GMOs)

◻ Environmental

degradation

◻ Consumption

patterns

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Where in the food system do these concerns exist?

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Food Systems Approach: Climate Change

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Agriculture and Climate Change

◻ Deforestation ◻ Livestock ◻ Animal manure and rice paddies ◻ Water use ◻ Fossil fuel use

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How our Food System Impacts the Climate

  • Contributes up to 30% of total greenhouse

gas emissions

– clearing forests for new agricultural land – methane emissions from livestock and rice

production

  • Accounts for 80% of global deforestation
  • Uses 70% of the world’s available fresh

water

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How Climate Impacts our Food Systems

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Changing Weather Patterns:

◻ Extreme heat > Poor air quality ◻ Increased precipitation > flooding ◻ Drought > desertification ◻ Superstorms

Insect borne diseases Psychological damage

Climate Change Impacts

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Climate Change Impacts in Michigan

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PESTICIDES IN FOOD PRODUCTION

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◻ A pesticide is any substance or mixture of

substances used to prevent, destroy, repel or reduce pests and the damage caused by pests.

◻ Pests are living organisms that occur where they

are not wanted or that cause damage to crops, humans, or other animals.

◻ Pests can include insects, weeds, fungi, and

rodents.

What is a pesticide?

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◻ Over 16,000 pesticide products in use in the United

States (agricultural and non-agricultural).

◻ Major categories:

 Organophosphates  Carbamates  Pyrethrins  Pyrethroids  Biologicals  Organochlorines

Pesticide Use

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◻ Health effects

depend on the type

  • f pesticide

◻ Acute and chronic

effects

 Nervous System  Skin or eye irritants  Hormone or

endocrine system

 Carcinogens  Obesogens – linked

to increase BMI, insulin resistance

Health Concerns of Pesticide Use

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Farm Workers and Pesticides

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Pesticides and Bees

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Food Matters: to Pregnant Women, Children, and Future Generations

Nutrition Matters Good nutrition is an essential requirement of healthy human development Timing Matters Health consequences

  • f in-utero and early

life exposures Vulnerability Matters Developing fetus and young human are uniquely vulnerable to environmental exposures

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A Food System Approach: Public Policy

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A Food System Approach:

Economic Drivers of Food Choice

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Food deserts

▪ Urban and rural communities with

economic and transportation barriers to accessing healthy food

Hunger in America

▪ Over 49 million Americans live in

households that are “food insecure”

▪ US minimum wage = $7.25/hour

A Food System Approach: Access & Availability

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Largest Impact

Examples

Eat healthy, be physically active Rx for high cholesterol,

  • diabetes. Vitamin/Mineral

supplements Poverty, education level, inequality Immunizations, exercise, colonoscopy Strategic Food/Bev Pricing, HFHC Pledge, Farmers Markets, CSA

Socioeconomic Factors Changing the Context

to make individuals’ default decisions healthy

Long-lasting Protective Interventions Clinical Interventions

Counseling & Education Smallest Impact Largest

Impact

www.cdc.gov/about/grand-rounds/archives/2010/download/GR-021810.pdf

Factors that affect health

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A Food System Approach: Externalities Health and environmental costs are not reflected in the price of food

  • r accounted for

in the food system

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Changing your thinking: A systems perspective

Story M, Hamm MW, Wallinga D, eds. Food Systems and Public Health: Linkages to Achieve Healthier Diets and Healthier Communities (suppl) Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition, Volume 4, Issues 3 & 4. December 2009 (in press)

Farm & Food Policy Healthier Eating Environments Behavior Change

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“Our national obesity epidemic is but a single symptom of a more serious illness:

  • ur unhealthy food system.

In order to prescribe healthier food, we must rethink the entire system, from the farm to

  • ur children’s mouths.”

David Wallinga, MD – Healthy Food Action, 2010

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Healthy Food in Health Care: A Menu of Change

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Making Change

✔In Your Practice ✔In Your Institution ✔In Your Professional Affiliations ✔In Communities ✔Regionally ✔Nationally ✔Globally

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Be aware of and help educate patients about how to reduce pesticide exposure

In Your Practice

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In Your Practice

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20% by 2020 Procuring, Serving Healthier Food

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Educating Peers

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Health care farming…

Henry Ford West Bloomfield Greenhouse Organic Hydroponic

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. . . and farmers markets/farm stands

Eastern Market Farm Stand at DMC

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Fruit and Vegetable Prescription Programs

❖ Link health care and food systems ❖ Support a healthier local food system

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Making Change In Communities

  • Local Food Policy Councils
  • Farm to School efforts
  • Corner Store Conversions
  • Community Gardens
  • Educating community leaders and elected
  • fficials
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Making Change Nationally

Ecology Center

Health professional engagement in healthy food advocacy www.ecocenter.org

Safer Chemicals, Healthy Families

Reform Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) to keep toxins out of food www.saferchemicals.org

Health Care Without Harm Health professional engagement

https://noharm-uscanada.org/content/us-canada/health-professional- engagement

Food Research Action Council National Sustainable Agriculture Coalition

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Thank you!

kathryn@ecocenter.org