Harnessing Molecular Engineering and Science for Impact Carol Dahl - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Harnessing Molecular Engineering and Science for Impact Carol Dahl September 18, 2012 Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute o an intellectual accelerator to bring fresh approaches and ideas to societal grand challenges in sustainable energy
Area Goal Achieved Date Genetic map 2‐ to 5‐cM resolution map (600 to 1,500 markers) 1‐cM resolution map (3,000 markers) September 1994 Physical map 30,000 sequence‐ tagged sites (STSs) 52,000 STSs October 1998 DNA sequence 95% of gene‐ containing part of human sequence finished to 99.99% accuracy >98% of gene‐ containing part of human sequence finished to 99.99% accuracy April 2003 Capacity and cost of finished sequence Sequence 500 Mb/year at <$0.25 per finished base Sequence >1,400 Mb/year at <$0.09 per finished base November 2002 Human sequence variation 100,000 mapped human SNPs 3.7 million mapped human SNPs February 2003 Gene identification Full‐length human cDNAs 15,000 full‐length human cDNAs March 2003 Model organisms Complete sequences
cerevisiae, C. elegans, D. melanogaster Finished sequences
cerevisiae, C. elegans, D. melanogaster, plus whole‐genome drafts
including C. briggsae,
mouse, and rat April 2003 Functional analysis Develop genomic‐ scale technologies High‐throughput
synthesis 1994 DNA microarrays 1996 Normalized and subtracted cDNA libraries 1996 Eukaryotic, whole‐ genome knockouts (yeast) 1999 Scale‐up of two‐ hybrid mapping 2002
The Human Genome Project: Lessons from Large-Scale Biology Science 11 April 2003:
Table 1
HGP goals and dates of achievement.
1994 2003
“Current sequence throughput from automated electrophoresis instruments is approximately 7,000,000 bases (raw) per instrument year. Use of these instruments in sequencing approaches based on a combination of shotgun and directed strategies results in a throughput of about 700,000 finished bases per year. “ “… dramatically improved DNA sequencing technology can be developed through the application of existing miniaturization and automation technologies to state‐of‐the‐art genomic sequencing … approaches exist that create a path to a substantially reduced scale for sequencing devices with associated throughput increase and cost decrease.”
March, 1995
NNI launched 2000
2000
December 4, 2000 “…-devices less than one-thousandth the diameter of a human hair- that will scan the body for the molecular signatures of cancer-…the sensors could treat cancers
$43 million grant from Gates Foundation brings together unique collaboration for antimalarial drug Effort could significantly reduce cost, boost aupplies
By Robert Sanders, Media Relations| 13 December 2004 BERKELEY – A $42.6 million grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to the Institute for OneWorld Health, the first nonprofit pharmaceutical company in the United States, will create a powerful new approach to developing a more affordable, accessible cure for malaria, which kills more than a million children each year.
2004
technologies
http://www.whitehouse.gov/assets/documents/SEPT_20__Innovation_Whitepaper_FINAL.pdf
http://www.engineeringchallenges.org
http://www.engineeringchallenges.org
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Grants and training programs to catalyze and accelerate invention & innovation: – Funding and support aimed at scalable, technology based innovation with a positive impact on society – University & college students at all levels in science and engineering, business and their faculty mentors
$1.25 million annually to students, the largest pool of funding for university student ventures in the United States