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Hall D Overview E.Chudakov JLab Presented at Workshop GlueX-PANDA 2019 George Washington University, 3-5 May 2019 E.Chudakov GlueX-PANDA 2019, GWU Hall D Overview 1 / 20 Outline JLab - Accelerator Facility 1 Accelerator and beam

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SLIDE 1

Hall D Overview

E.Chudakov

JLab

Presented at

Workshop GlueX-PANDA 2019

George Washington University, 3-5 May 2019

E.Chudakov GlueX-PANDA 2019, GWU Hall D Overview 1 / 20

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SLIDE 2

Outline

1

JLab - Accelerator Facility

Accelerator and beam extraction Experimental halls Physics program Schedule

2

Hall D

Layout and main parameters Planned upgrades Manpower

E.Chudakov GlueX-PANDA 2019, GWU Hall D Overview 2 / 20

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SLIDE 3

Jefferson Lab Google Maps

Map data ©2016 Google 20 mi

Google Maps https://www.google.com/maps/@37.3745642,-76.... 1 of 1 03/04/2016 12:09 PM

  • JLab

E.Chudakov GlueX-PANDA 2019, GWU Hall D Overview 3 / 20

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SLIDE 4

Jefferson Lab

E.Chudakov GlueX-PANDA 2019, GWU Hall D Overview 3 / 20

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SLIDE 5

Jefferson Lab

E.Chudakov GlueX-PANDA 2019, GWU Hall D Overview 3 / 20

Staff: ∼700 ENP scientists: ∼60 Users: ∼1600

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SLIDE 6

CEBAF at 12 GeV

  • Accelerator: ≤2.2 GeV/pass
  • Accelerator: full current <80 µA
  • Halls A,B,C: e− 1-5 passes ≤11 GeV
  • Hall D: e− 5.5 passes ≤12 GeV

γ-beam

  • Beam extraction to 4 halls in parallel

A B C D CHL

E.Chudakov GlueX-PANDA 2019, GWU Hall D Overview 4 / 20

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SLIDE 7

CEBAF , adaptation 3 ⇒ 4 beams

  • CW SRF linacs
  • Polarized electron beam (P>85%)
  • Four 249.5 (or 499) MHz interleaved

beams, generating a 1497 MHz CW beam

  • …5
  • D

GaAs crystal Pe− ∼ 85%

RF Structure

  • Linacs: 1500 MHz
  • Lasers: 500 MHz or 250 MHz

Beam current adjustment

  • Laser light: attenuation
  • Electron beam: chopper slit

E.Chudakov GlueX-PANDA 2019, GWU Hall D Overview 5 / 20

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SLIDE 8

Chopper

Chopper #1 RF Cavity (499 MHz) Chopper #2 RF Cavity (499 MHz) Lens Lens

B C A

Master Slit Beam Beam Beam Beam Beam Beam Beam Beam Beam Beam Beam Beam Beam Beam Beam Beam Beam Beam Beam Beam Beam Beam Beam

Period: 2 ns 4-Hall Operations Hall D shares a slit

  • Slit size not flexible

⇒ limits the beam current

  • Sharing at 250 MHz

E.Chudakov GlueX-PANDA 2019, GWU Hall D Overview 6 / 20

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SLIDE 9

Beam circulation and extraction

E.Chudakov GlueX-PANDA 2019, GWU Hall D Overview 7 / 20

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SLIDE 10

Beam separation to 1 hall, passes 1-4

E.Chudakov GlueX-PANDA 2019, GWU Hall D Overview 8 / 20

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SLIDE 11

Beam separation to 3 old halls, pass 5

E.Chudakov GlueX-PANDA 2019, GWU Hall D Overview 9 / 20

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SLIDE 12

Beam separation to 4 halls, pass 5

Feature of the extraction: current leakage from other beams ∼ 0.5 nA

E.Chudakov GlueX-PANDA 2019, GWU Hall D Overview 10 / 20

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SLIDE 13

Accelerator Running Experience

Runs Typically 2 runs per year (spring and fall) 2016 spring: first run at the full energy 12 GeV 2017 fall: 4 hall operations Hall D accumulated 330 calendar days with beam Accelerator Issues Breaks and long repairs (CHL, magnets, a transformer) Efficiency of beam delivery 50–70% due to linac trips, beam loss Gradual deterioration of the accelerator gradient ∼40 MeV/pass/Y: Energy for Hall D dropped to 11.2 GeV in spring 2019, expected to be 11.5 GeV in fall 2019

E.Chudakov GlueX-PANDA 2019, GWU Hall D Overview 11 / 20

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SLIDE 14

CEBAF Performance Plan

Target: 34 weeks/year operations at >80% efficiency and 1090 MeV/linac Plan: refurbish the cavities - increase the energy reach, get more spares

E.Chudakov GlueX-PANDA 2019, GWU Hall D Overview 12 / 20

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SLIDE 15

JLab Experimental Halls

Hall D

barrel calorimeter time-of

  • flight

forward calorimeter

  • n beam

target central drift chamber forward drift chambers

Spectroscopy Search for: exotic hybrid mesons

Hall B

Nucleon Structure GPD, TMD

Hall C

Nucleon Structure Valence quarks

Hall A

Diverse program Formfactors, PDF SM tests (PV) Future installations

hermeticity large acceptance high resolution custom installations 12 GeV e− ⇒ γ e− 2.2–11 GeV γ linear polariz. e− longitudinal polarization

GlueX spectrometer CLAS12 HMS, SHMS HRS, SBS target LH LH, LD; ammon. , ⊥ any, polar. 3He , ⊥ any, polar. 3He , ⊥

<100 MHz/GeV

1035 cm−2s−1 1038 cm−2s−1 σ(p)/p ∼ 1 − 3% σ(p)/p ∼ 0.5% σ(p)/p ∼ 0.1% σ(p)/p ∼ 0.02%

E.Chudakov GlueX-PANDA 2019, GWU Hall D Overview 13 / 20

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SLIDE 16

Approval and Scheduling of Experiments

1

Program Advisory Committee (PAC) appointed by the Lab, gives recommendations to the Lab’s management Meets yearly (typically in July) to consider the submitted proposals Verdicts: approved with rating / deferred / rejected

2

Experiment preparations Budget for new equipment: ENP or/and outside grants Readiness review (ENP)

3

Scheduling Committee (Accelerator and Physics (ENP) Department management) Assigns beam time

E.Chudakov GlueX-PANDA 2019, GWU Hall D Overview 14 / 20

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SLIDE 17

12 GeV Approved Experiments by Physics Topic

Topic Hall A Hall B Hall C Hall D Other Total The Hadron spectra as probes of QCD 2 1 3 6 The transverse structure of the hadrons 6 3 3 1 13 The longitudinal structure of the hadrons 2 3 6 11 The 3D structure of the hadrons 5 9 6 20 Hadrons and cold nuclear matter 8 5 7 1 21 Low-energy tests of the Standard Model and Fundamental Symmetries 3 1 1 2 7 Total 24 23 23 5 3 78 Total Experiments Completed 4.6 2.7 2.1 1.0 10.4 Total Experiments Remaining 19.4 20.3 20.9 4.0 3.0 67.8

Remaining: ∼2500 PAC days left: about 10 years of running

E.Chudakov GlueX-PANDA 2019, GWU Hall D Overview 15 / 20

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SLIDE 18

Hall D Approved Experiments

Proposal/ PAC Title PAC PAC experiment

rating

days #

E12-06-102

A

Mapping the Spectrum

  • f

Light Quark Mesons and Gluonic Excitations with Linearly Polarized Photons

120 30 E12-10-011 A-

A Precision Measurement of the eta Radia- tive Decay Width via the Primakoff Effect

79 35 E12-13-003 A

An initial study of hadron decays to strange final states with GlueX in Hall D

200 40 E12-13-008 A-

Measuring the Charged Pion Polarizability in the γγ → π+π− Reaction

25 40 E12-12-002 A

A study of meson and baryon decays to strange final states with GlueX in Hall D

220 42 E12-12-002A A

Eta Decays with Emphasis on Rare Neutral Modes: The JLab Eta Factory(JEF) Experi- ment

Grp 45

E.Chudakov GlueX-PANDA 2019, GWU Hall D Overview 16 / 20

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SLIDE 19

Program Advisory Committee PAC46

New Proposals

Proposal/ Contact Title Days PAC PAC experiment person prop. rating decision PR12-18-001

  • A. Somov

Photoproduction

  • f

vector mesons on nuclei with GlueX 28 deferred PR12-18-002

  • M. Amaryan

Strange Hadron Spectroscopy with a Secondary KL Beam at GlueX 200 deferred

Issues/Recommendations

  • PR12-18-001 improve the physics case, consider more topics
  • PR12-18-002 demonstrate a full analysis, a credible schedule etc.
  • Oral recommendation to the community from PAC and JLab:

Produce a short “White Paper” expressing the intentions and interest in potential experiments beyond the approved ones (Done!).

Jeopardy reminder

Rule for Jeopardy: 4 years since (re)approval, not yet scheduled to finish ◮ 2020 PAC: Halls B/D: those not scheduled to finish in 2020

E.Chudakov GlueX-PANDA 2019, GWU Hall D Overview 17 / 20

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SLIDE 20

Accelerator schedule till May 2020

May-December 2020: scheduled CHL-2K cold box installation

E.Chudakov GlueX-PANDA 2019, GWU Hall D Overview 18 / 20

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SLIDE 21

Hall D Project

A part of 12 GeV Upgrade funded by the DOE Main motivation: experiment GlueX Construction: 2008-2014 by JLab and GlueX collaboration First beam for commissioning: December 2014 GlueX engineering run: spring 2016 GlueX-I data taking: spring 2017 - fall 2018 First PRIMEX-η run: spring 2019 Jan 2012 Hall D Tagger Hall

E.Chudakov GlueX-PANDA 2019, GWU Hall D Overview 19 / 20

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SLIDE 22

Photon beam and Hall D Facility

  • 12 GeV e− beam 0.001 − 5 µA
  • Coherent Bremsstrahlung
  • 3.4/5 mm collimator
  • In peak P ∼ 40%
  • Flux <100 MHz in 7 - 12 GeV
  • Energy/polarization measured:
  • Tagger spectrometer ∼ 0.2%
  • Polarimeter γe− → e−e+e−

σP/P ∼2%

8.4-9.0 GeV <100 MHz P ∼ 40%

EγGeV collimated tagged

Diamond 20 µm

  • Collim. 3.4 mm

E.Chudakov GlueX-PANDA 2019, GWU Hall D Overview 20 / 20

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SLIDE 23

Hall D/GlueX Beam: Coherent Bremsstrahlung

Tagger Scin. Hodoscopes

  • TAGH: ∆E ∼ 20 MeV
  • TAGM: ∆E ∼ 5 MeV

Radiators

  • 20-50 µm diamonds,

Aluminum

  • Alignment

Pair Spectrometer

  • Range: 6-12 GeV
  • Resolution: ∼1%

7.5 8 8.5 9 9.5 10 10.5 11 11.5

Photon Flux (Arb. Units)

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000

(a)

Diamond: PARA Diamond: PERP Aluminum Photon Beam Energy (GeV)

7.5 8 8.5 9 9.5 10 10.5 11 11.5

Polarization

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

1.5% Syst. Uncert.

PARA PERP

(b)

Rate in Pair Spectrometer P ≈ 40%

E.Chudakov GlueX-PANDA 2019, GWU Hall D Overview 21 / 20

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SLIDE 24

Hall D/GlueX Beam: Coherent Bremsstrahlung

Integrated Beam spectrum in 2016-2017

[GeV]

γ

E

8.5 9 9.5 10 10.5 11 11.5 12

Photon Flux / 20 MeV

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

9

10 ×

E.Chudakov GlueX-PANDA 2019, GWU Hall D Overview 22 / 20

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SLIDE 25

Hall D

E.Chudakov GlueX-PANDA 2019, GWU Hall D Overview 23 / 20

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SLIDE 26

Hall D/GlueX Spectrometer and DAQ

barrel calorimeter time-of

  • flight

forward calorimeter photon beam electron beam electron beam superconducting magnet target tagger magnet tagger to detector distance is not to scale diamond wafer

GlueX

central drift chamber forward drift chambers

B = 2.0 T 30 cm LH2

Acceptance 1◦ < θ < 120◦ Resolutions h±: σp/p ∼ 1 − 3% γ: σE/E ∼ 6%/ √ E ⊕ 2%

start counter

Detectors ◮ CDC, FDC ◮ BCAL, FCAL ◮ TOF, ST Upgrades ◮ DIRC ◮ FCAL insert Pipeline electronics: FADC250MHz, FADC125MHz, TDC Photoproduction γp 15 kHz for a 100 MHz beam Beam 50 MHz/peak: inclusive trigger 80 kHz ⇒ DAQ ⇒ 1 GB/s ⇒ tape

E.Chudakov GlueX-PANDA 2019, GWU Hall D Overview 24 / 20

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SLIDE 27

Spectrometer, Detectors and Dimensions

560 cm 342 cm 48 cm 185 cm

BCAL CDC Central Drift Chamber FDC Forward Drift Chambers

GlueX Detector

Forward Calorimeter Solenoid

390 cm long inner radius: 65 cm outer radius: 90 cm 240 cm diameter 45 cm thick 30-cm target C L

Future Particle ID

photon beam 10.8 o 14.7 o 118.1 o 126.4 o

FCAL Barrel Calorimeter E.Chudakov GlueX-PANDA 2019, GWU Hall D Overview 25 / 20

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SLIDE 28

Spectrometer, Detectors and Dimensions

560 cm 342 cm 48 cm 185 cm

BCAL CDC Central Drift Chamber FDC Forward Drift Chambers

GlueX Detector

Forward Calorimeter Solenoid

390 cm long inner radius: 65 cm outer radius: 90 cm 240 cm diameter 45 cm thick 30-cm target C L

Future Particle ID

photon beam 10.8 o 14.7 o 118.1 o 126.4 o

FCAL Barrel Calorimeter

Central Drift Chamber

CDC

3500 straws 28 layers Aluminized Mylar, r=8 mm Wire 20 µm; Ar/CO2 50/50 Readout ⇒ FADC

E.Chudakov GlueX-PANDA 2019, GWU Hall D Overview 25 / 20

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SLIDE 29

Spectrometer, Detectors and Dimensions

560 cm 342 cm 48 cm 185 cm

BCAL CDC Central Drift Chamber FDC Forward Drift Chambers

GlueX Detector

Forward Calorimeter Solenoid

390 cm long inner radius: 65 cm outer radius: 90 cm 240 cm diameter 45 cm thick 30-cm target C L

Future Particle ID

photon beam 10.8 o 14.7 o 118.1 o 126.4 o

FCAL Barrel Calorimeter

Forward Drift Chambers

FDC

Readout: strips ⇒ FADC Readout: wires ⇒ TDC 4×6 planes, Ar/CO2 50/50 2300 wires, 10 mm pitch 10400 cathode strips 5 mm pitch

E.Chudakov GlueX-PANDA 2019, GWU Hall D Overview 25 / 20

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SLIDE 30

Spectrometer, Detectors and Dimensions

560 cm 342 cm 48 cm 185 cm

BCAL CDC Central Drift Chamber FDC Forward Drift Chambers

GlueX Detector

Forward Calorimeter Solenoid

390 cm long inner radius: 65 cm outer radius: 90 cm 240 cm diameter 45 cm thick 30-cm target C L

Future Particle ID

photon beam 10.8 o 14.7 o 118.1 o 126.4 o

FCAL Barrel Calorimeter

Barrel Calorimeter

BCAL

Lead-scintill.fibers 3840 light guides ⇒ SiPMs Readout: ⇒ 1536 FADC ⇒ 1152 TDC

E.Chudakov GlueX-PANDA 2019, GWU Hall D Overview 25 / 20

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SLIDE 31

Spectrometer, Detectors and Dimensions

560 cm 342 cm 48 cm 185 cm

BCAL CDC Central Drift Chamber FDC Forward Drift Chambers

GlueX Detector

Forward Calorimeter Solenoid

390 cm long inner radius: 65 cm outer radius: 90 cm 240 cm diameter 45 cm thick 30-cm target C L

Future Particle ID

photon beam 10.8 o 14.7 o 118.1 o 126.4 o

FCAL Barrel Calorimeter

Forward Calorimeter

FCAL

Lead glass 4×4×45 cm3 Readout: ⇒ 2800 FADC

E.Chudakov GlueX-PANDA 2019, GWU Hall D Overview 25 / 20

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SLIDE 32

GlueX: Event Reconstruction and Signals Observed

From 2016 data: γp → 5γ p

E.Chudakov GlueX-PANDA 2019, GWU Hall D Overview 26 / 20

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SLIDE 33

Significant Hardware Upgrades

DIRC

  • Required for GlueX-II
  • 4 “bar-boxes” from BaBar + new readout
  • Location: in front of the TOF
  • Readiness: 1/2 commissioned

full commissioning in Nov 2019 FCAL insert

  • Required by JEF experiment
  • Central area ∼ 40×40 cm2

∼ 1600 crystals PbWO

  • Expected improvement:

◮ Radiation hardness ◮ Resolution - twice better

  • Timescale: 3 years

H i t P a t t e r n

[3.8,4.2] GeV/c pions from beam

E.Chudakov GlueX-PANDA 2019, GWU Hall D Overview 27 / 20

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SLIDE 34

Significant Hardware Upgrades

DIRC

  • Required for GlueX-II
  • 4 “bar-boxes” from BaBar + new readout
  • Location: in front of the TOF
  • Readiness: 1/2 commissioned

full commissioning in Nov 2019 FCAL insert

  • Required by JEF experiment
  • Central area ∼ 40×40 cm2

∼ 1600 crystals PbWO

  • Expected improvement:

◮ Radiation hardness ◮ Resolution - twice better

  • Timescale: 3 years

H i t P a t t e r n

[3.8,4.2] GeV/c pions from beam

E.Chudakov GlueX-PANDA 2019, GWU Hall D Overview 27 / 20

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SLIDE 35

Significant Hardware Upgrades

DIRC

  • Required for GlueX-II
  • 4 “bar-boxes” from BaBar + new readout
  • Location: in front of the TOF
  • Readiness: 1/2 commissioned

full commissioning in Nov 2019 FCAL insert

  • Required by JEF experiment
  • Central area ∼ 40×40 cm2

∼ 1600 crystals PbWO

  • Expected improvement:

◮ Radiation hardness ◮ Resolution - twice better

  • Timescale: 3 years

H i t P a t t e r n

[3.8,4.2] GeV/c pions from beam

E.Chudakov GlueX-PANDA 2019, GWU Hall D Overview 27 / 20

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SLIDE 36

The GlueX Collaboration and Hall D staff

GlueX Collaboration

Arizona State, Athens, Carnegie Mellon, Catholic University,

  • Univ. of Connecticut, Florida International, Florida State,

George Washington, Glasgow, GSI, IHEP Beijing, Indiana University, ITEP, Jefferson Lab, U. Mass. Amherst, MIT, MEPhi, Norfolk State, North Carolina A&T, Univ. North Carolina Wilmington, Northwestern, Old Dominion, Santa Maria, Tomsk, University of Regina, W&M, Wuhan, and Yerevan Physics Institute. Over 120 collaborators from 28 institutions.

Hall D Staff

12 staff scientists and 2 postdocs 1 ME, 1 MD, and 5 MTs Support from the ENP’s electronics, online and target groups

E.Chudakov GlueX-PANDA 2019, GWU Hall D Overview 28 / 20

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SLIDE 37

Summary

JLab Very productive first 2 years of the 12 GeV program Gradual improvement of the accelerator performance Approved physics program for ∼ 10 years Aims at 34 weeks of running per year Hall D Dedicated to photoproduction Nearly hermetic spectrometer Linearly polarized beam Finished data taking for GlueX-I - already the world largest photoproduction sample in the energy range of ∼ 10 GeV Approved physics program for about 5 years Several new proposals and initiatives

E.Chudakov GlueX-PANDA 2019, GWU Hall D Overview 29 / 20