GROUND - GROUND - BASE MONITORING SYSTEM FOR BASE MONITORING - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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GROUND - GROUND - BASE MONITORING SYSTEM FOR BASE MONITORING - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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EMSEV EMSEV- - DEMETER JOI NT W ORKSHOP I GRA DEMETER JOI NT W ORKSHOP I GRA SI NAI A, ROMANI A Bucharest SI NAI A, ROMANI A Bucharest Septem ber 7 - - 1 2 , 2 0 0 8 1 2 , 2 0

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SLIDE 1

GROUND GROUND GROUND GROUND -

  • BASE MONITORING SYSTEM FOR

BASE MONITORING SYSTEM FOR BASE MONITORING SYSTEM FOR BASE MONITORING SYSTEM FOR THE NA THE NATUR TURAL HAZAR L HAZARDS ASSESMENT D ASSESMENT DUE TO E TO THE NA THE NATUR TURAL HAZAR L HAZARDS ASSESMENT D ASSESMENT DUE TO E TO LANDSLIDE ACTIVITY LANDSLIDE ACTIVITY LANDSLIDE ACTIVITY LANDSLIDE ACTIVITY

  • D. A. STANI CA, D. STANI CA and C. DI ACOPOLOS
  • D. A. STANI CA, D. STANI CA and C. DI ACOPOLOS

Institute of Geodynamics of the Romanian Academy Institute of Geodynamics of the Romanian Academy Bucharest Bucharest – – Romania, E Romania, E-

  • mail: armand@geodin.ro

mail: armand@geodin.ro

EMSEV EMSEV-

  • DEMETER JOI NT W ORKSHOP I GRA

DEMETER JOI NT W ORKSHOP I GRA SI NAI A, ROMANI A SI NAI A, ROMANI A Bucharest Bucharest Septem ber 7 Septem ber 7 -

  • 1 2 , 2 0 0 8

1 2 , 2 0 0 8

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SLIDE 2

OUTLINE: OUTLINE: OUTLINE: OUTLINE:

Landslides related t Landslides related to seismic events seismic events Landslides related t Landslides related to seismic events seismic events 1. 1. variables, indices and indicators for landslides; variables, indices and indicators for landslides; 2. 2. implementation and continuous improvement of the implementation and continuous improvement of the real real-

  • time ground base monitoring system depending

time ground base monitoring system depending

  • n the landslide test sites conditions;
  • n the landslide test sites conditions;

3. 3. innovation in integrated geo innovation in integrated geo-

  • sensors structure for

sensors structure for netw ork conditions; netw ork conditions; 4. 4. real time signals processing for pattern recognition real time signals processing for pattern recognition in in “ “pre disaster pre disaster” ” and and “ “at disaster at disaster” ” circumstances; circumstances; 5. 5. assessment and quantification of the geodynamic assessment and quantification of the geodynamic precursory parameters related to the landslide precursory parameters related to the landslide phenomena; phenomena; 6. 6. provision of early provision of early-

  • w arning against the risk arising

w arning against the risk arising from landslide process. from landslide process.

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SLIDE 3

Variables, indices and indicators Variables, indices and indicators for Landslides for Landslides

Variables Indices Indices Indicators

  • Geophysical

l: : electrom agnetic electrom agnetic ( perpendicular resistivity ( perpendicular resistivity

  • ρ

ρ

┴ ┴

, parallel , parallel resistivity resistivity -

  • ρ

ρ

║ ║

, skew , strike, the hodograph , skew , strike, the hodograph

  • f

the im pedance tensor) ,

  • f

the im pedance tensor) , DC DC-

  • electric

electric ( apparent resistivity) and ( apparent resistivity) and geom agnetic geom agnetic ( Bzn) ; ( Bzn) ;

  • Geological

and geotechnical: : lithological lithological and structural features, tectonics, position and structural features, tectonics, position

  • f

m orphological characteristics, terrain

  • f

m orphological characteristics, terrain gradient, internal friction angle, bulk gradient, internal friction angle, bulk density, plastic and liquid lim it, particle size density, plastic and liquid lim it, particle size distribution, soil pH, etc.; distribution, soil pH, etc.;

  • Hydro

geological: : groundw ater levels groundw ater levels characteristics, fluctuation and im pact on characteristics, fluctuation and im pact on the slope stability; the slope stability;

  • Vegetation:

: im pact of vegetation on slope im pact of vegetation on slope stability, tim ber harvest im pact, etc. stability, tim ber harvest im pact, etc.

  • Climate:

tem perature, frequency and tem perature, frequency and intensity of the rains and storm s short and intensity of the rains and storm s short and intense events; intense events;

  • Tim e series distribution of

Tim e series distribution of the geophysical, geological, the geophysical, geological, geotechnical and clim ate geotechnical and clim ate param eters; param eters;

  • Statistical

distribution

  • f

Statistical distribution

  • f

historical events; historical events;

  • Arial

and frequency Arial and frequency-

  • size

size distribution of landslides; distribution of landslides;

  • Frequency of earthquakes

Frequency of earthquakes and tectonic processes and tectonic processes associated ( active faults) ; associated ( active faults) ;

  • I dentification of regularities

I dentification of regularities

  • r irregularities of events
  • r irregularities of events

w hich m ight facilitate w hich m ight facilitate prediction; prediction;

  • Changes in landscape of the

Changes in landscape of the affected areas. affected areas.

  • Anom alous behavior

Anom alous behavior

  • f

the geophysical,

  • f

the geophysical, geological, geotechnical geological, geotechnical and clim ate and clim ate param eters; param eters;

  • Real

tim e Real ti m e quantification and quantification an d hierarchy

  • f

all the hierarchy

  • f

all the variables in order to variables in order to evaluate the risk evaluate the risk factors and factors and vulnerability; vulnerability;

  • Population,

socio Population, socio-

  • econom ic and natural

econom ic and natural environm ent exposed environm ent exposed to the landslides; to the landslides;

  • Loss
  • f

hum an and Loss

  • f

hum an and socio socio-

  • econom ic

values econom ic values exposed to the risk. exposed to the risk.

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SLIDE 4

C System for Processing Diagnose and Decision entral

RTG-BMS

RESISTIVI- METER INTEL V3 MAG-03 DAM 24bit ADU - 06 24bit LAB-VIEW 16bit

Satellite and Geological data

Electric field sensors DC Electric and magnetic field sensors (low frequency) Electric and magnetic field sensors (high and low frequency)

Crustal movements sensors

Real Real-

  • time ground base

time ground base monitoring system monitoring system

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SLIDE 5

Data acquisition module for Data acquisition module for Data acquisition module for Data acquisition module for GeoElectric GeoElectric GeoElectric GeoElectric field field field field

Fieldw ork Configuration Fieldw ork Configuration Fieldw ork Configuration Fieldw ork Configuration

Resistivimeter (INTEL V3, Romania) Resistivimeter (INTEL V3, Romania) Resistivimeter (INTEL V3, Romania) Resistivimeter (INTEL V3, Romania) is compact and is compact and self self-

  • contained thanks to an integrated receiver and

contained thanks to an integrated receiver and transmitter, w ith transmitter, w ith internal memory of 64 K, sampling internal memory of 64 K, sampling rate

  • f

0.2s,

  • utput

pow er up to 200mA, rate

  • f

0.2s,

  • utput

pow er up to 200mA, communication trough serial interface enhanced by communication trough serial interface enhanced by utility softw are for Window s utility softw are for Window s

C System for Processing Diagnose and Decision entral

RTG-BMS

RESISTIVI- METER INTEL V3 MAG-03 DAM 24bit ADU - 06 24bit LAB-VIEW 16bit

Satellite and Geological data

Electric field sensors DC Electric and magnetic field sensors (low frequency) Electric and magnetic field sensors (high and low frequency)

Crustal movements sensors
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SLIDE 6

Data acquisition module for continuous Data acquisition module for continuous Data acquisition module for continuous Data acquisition module for continuous monitoring of monitoring of the Geomagnetic f the Geomagnetic field ield monitoring of monitoring of the Geomagnetic f the Geomagnetic field ield

MAG MAG MAG MAG-

  • 03DAM

03DAM 03DAM 03DAM acquisition module acquisition module acquisition module acquisition module 6 channel, 24 bit 6 channel, 24 bit resolution, sampling resolution, sampling rate programmable, rate programmable, internal and external internal and external battery of 12 V , data battery of 12 V , data storage on laptop HD; storage on laptop HD; Geomagnetic System Configuration

3 axes magnetic sensor

Frequency range: 3kH-DC

C System for Processing Diagnose and Decision entral

RTG-BMS

RESISTIVI- METER INTEL V3 MAG-03 DAM 24bit ADU - 06 24bit LAB-VIEW 16bit

Satellite and Geological data

Electric field sensors DC Electric and magnetic field sensors (low frequency) Electric and magnetic field sensors (high and low frequency)

Crustal movements sensors

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SLIDE 7

C System for Processing Diagnose and Decision entral

RTG-BMS

RESISTIVI- METER INTEL V3 MAG-03 DAM 24bit ADU - 06 24bit LAB-VIEW 16bit

Satellite and Geological data

Electric field sensors DC Electric and magnetic field sensors (low frequency) Electric and magnetic field sensors (high and low frequency)

Crustal movements sensors
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SLIDE 8
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SLIDE 9

Softw are ( MAPROS Packages) Softw are ( MAPROS Packages)

The follow ing basic tasks are performed by MAPROS: The follow ing basic tasks are performed by MAPROS: The follow ing basic tasks are performed by MAPROS: The follow ing basic tasks are performed by MAPROS:

Real time data Real time data acquisition acquisition Real time data Real time data acquisition acquisition and processing ; and processing ; and processing ; and processing ; Robust esti Robust estimation of mation of the the Robust esti Robust estimation of mation of the the transfer functi transfer functions;

  • ns;

transfer functi transfer functions;

  • ns;

Real time display of Real time display of time time Real time display of Real time display of time time series and all important EM series and all important EM series and all important EM series and all important EM -

  • parameters

( parameters ( parameters ( parameters (ρ ρ║

║

ρ ρ┴

┴,

, , , anisotropy, strike, skew , anisotropy, strike, skew , anisotropy, strike, skew , anisotropy, strike, skew , etc. etc.); ); etc. etc.); );

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SLIDE 10

Bzn disturbances linked Bzn disturbances linked to to the seismic events the seismic events

1,874 1,875 1,876 1,877 1,878 1,879 1,880 01.09.2004 02.09.2004 03.09.2004 04.09.2004 05.09.2004 06.09.2004 07.09.2004 08.09.2004 09.09.2004 10.09.2004 11.09.2004 12.09.2004 13.09.2004 14.09.2004 15.09.2004 16.09.2004 17.09.2004 18.09.2004 19.09.2004 20.09.2004 21.09.2004 22.09.2004 23.09.2004 25.09.2004 26.09.2004 27.09.2004 28.09.2004 29.09.2004 30.09.2004 01.10.2004 02.10.2004 03.10.2004 04.10.2004 05.10.2004 06.10.2004 07.10.2004 08.10.2004 09.10.2004 10.10.2004 11.10.2004 12.10.2004 13.10.2004 14.10.2004 15.10.2004 16.10.2004 17.10.2004 18.10.2004 19.10.2004 20.10.2004 21.10.2004 22.10.2004 23.10.2004 24.10.2004 25.10.2004 26.10.2004 27.10.2004 28.20.2004 29.10.2004 30.10.2004 31.10.2004 TIME [days] Bzn=Bz/Bperp.

3.2 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.0 4.6 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.1 3.5 4.4 3.2 6.0 124km 147 116km 164 142 145 166 148 crustal 149 140 123 148 171 100km

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SLIDE 11
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SLIDE 12

THE NA THE NATUR TURAL HAZAR L HAZARDS ASSESMENT D ASSESMENT DUE TO E TO THE NA THE NATUR TURAL HAZAR L HAZARDS ASSESMENT D ASSESMENT DUE TO E TO LANDSLIDE ACTIVITY LANDSLIDE ACTIVITY LANDSLIDE ACTIVITY LANDSLIDE ACTIVITY Geoelectric m odels

  • DC 2 D m odels;
  • EM 2 D m odels

Precursory param eters:

  • Resistivity ( parallel and perpendicular to the strike) ;
  • Electrical anisotropy ;
  • Skew and strike

Precursory phenom enon:

  • Low frequency electric signals that “arrive” before the

tim e derivative of the m agnetic field, em itted prior the stress reached a critical value.

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SLIDE 13

PROVITA VALLEY PROVITA VALLEY PROVITA VALLEY PROVITA VALLEY

test area for monitoring and diagnosis test area for monitoring and diagnosis test area for monitoring and diagnosis test area for monitoring and diagnosis

  • f typical landslides parameters
  • f typical landslides parameters
  • f typical landslides parameters
  • f typical landslides parameters

ACTI VE FAULT

Stanica, Tatu, 2 0 0 5

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SLIDE 14

PROVITA DE SUS PROVITA DE SUS PROVITA DE SUS PROVITA DE SUS

  • test site

test site test site test site -

  • for

for for for monitoring of t monitoring of the typical landslides parameters e typical landslides parameters monitoring of t monitoring of the typical landslides parameters e typical landslides parameters

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SLIDE 15

2D specific geodynamic models 2D specific geodynamic models

20 40 60 80 100 120 140

  • 40
  • 30
  • 20
  • 10

GEOELECTRI CAL (RESI STI VI TY) CROSS-SECTI ON

Profile 1 - Provita Valley [m] D E P T H ( A B / 2 )

0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 2.00

10 15 20 24 a ( ohmm )

ρ

[m]

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60

  • 46
  • 26
  • 6

Geoelectrical cross-section

Profile 4 - Provita Valley

LENGTH (m)

D E P T H ( A B / 2 i n m )

0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 2.00

10 15 20 24 a ( ohmm )

ρ

ACTIVE FAULT

S L I D E S U R F A C E

NNW SSE

1 2

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220

  • 40
  • 30
  • 20
  • 10

Geoelectrical (resistivity) cross-section

Profile 2 - Provita Valley [m] D E P T H ( A B / 2 )

0 .6 0 0 .7 0 0 .8 0 0 .9 0 1 .0 0 1 .1 0 1 .2 0 1 .3 0 1 .4 0 1 .5 0 1 .6 0 1 .7 0 1 .8 0 1 .9 0 2 .0 0

10 15 20 24 a ( ohmm )

ρ

[m]

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SLIDE 16

PROVITA DE SUS PROVITA DE SUS PROVITA DE SUS PROVITA DE SUS

  • test site

test site test site test site -

  • for

for for for monitoring of t monitoring of the typical landslides parameters e typical landslides parameters monitoring of t monitoring of the typical landslides parameters e typical landslides parameters

Active Fault

EM Profiles

SCHOOL HOUSE

EM measurement point

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SLIDE 17

2D 2D 2D 2D-

  • tomographic images (

tomographic images ( tomographic images ( tomographic images (ρ ρ┴

┴

B B-

  • polarized MODE)

polarized MODE) polarized MODE) polarized MODE)

ACTIVE FAULT NNW SSE

SLIDING SURFACE

ENE WSW

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SLIDE 18

PROVITA DE SUS PROVITA DE SUS PROVITA DE SUS PROVITA DE SUS

test site test site test site test site

TOPOGRAPHI C LANDMARK

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SLIDE 19

ELECTRICAL ANIZOTROPY ELECTRICAL ANIZOTROPY

30.09. 2005 07.10.2005

EA = EA = │ρ┴ /ρ║ │

1 2 1 2

│ρxy

xy

/ρyx

yx

│

(rotated field) (normal field)

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SLIDE 20

Skew ness Parameter Skew ness Parameter

skew ness = Zyx Zxy Zyy Zxx − + 30.09. 2005 07.10.2005 Skew ness > 0.3 3D structure Skew ness< 0.3 2D structure

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SLIDE 21

STRIKE PARAMETER STRIKE PARAMETER

30.09. 2005 07.10.2005

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SLIDE 22

Low frequency Low frequency Low frequency Low frequency electric signals electric signals electric signals electric signals “ “arriving arriving arriving arriving” ” ” before the before the before the before the t time ime ime ime derivative derivative derivative derivative of the magnetic field,

  • f the magnetic field,
  • f the magnetic field,
  • f the magnetic field, emitted prior the stress to

emitted prior the stress to emitted prior the stress to emitted prior the stress to reach a critical value reach a critical value reach a critical value reach a critical value D = 8 m

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SLIDE 23

Low frequency Low frequency Low frequency Low frequency electric signals electric signals electric signals electric signals “ “arriving arriving arriving arriving” ” ” before the before the before the before the t time ime ime ime derivative derivative derivative derivative of the magnetic field,

  • f the magnetic field,
  • f the magnetic field,
  • f the magnetic field, emitted prior the stress have

emitted prior the stress have emitted prior the stress have emitted prior the stress have reached a critical value reached a critical value reached a critical value reached a critical value D= 8m D= 16m

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SLIDE 24

SUMMARY SUMMARY SUMMARY SUMMARY

Ground Ground-

  • base monitoring system is able to:

base monitoring system is able to: Investigate shallow and deep structure in order to elaborate Investigate shallow and deep structure in order to elaborate the adequate geodynamic models and electromagnetic the adequate geodynamic models and electromagnetic tomographies; tomographies; Detect the active faults, geodynamic sutures and to draw up Detect the active faults, geodynamic sutures and to draw up the spatial distribution of the landslides; the spatial distribution of the landslides; Evaluate the geoelectric pattern (before the stress reached a Evaluate the geoelectric pattern (before the stress reached a critical value) w ith the aim to identify the best placement for critical value) w ith the aim to identify the best placement for continuous monitoring; continuous monitoring; Reveal the short Reveal the short -

  • term precursory phenomena/parameters of

term precursory phenomena/parameters of the possible landslide events. the possible landslide events.

slide-25
SLIDE 25

THANK YOU ! THANK YOU !

Study supported by the Ministry of Education and Research, National Program “PN2 ”, Contract No.3 1 -0 1 8 / 2 0 0 7 -2 0 1 0