Grid Modernization Joe Paladino Technical Advisor U.S. Department - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Grid Modernization

Joe Paladino Technical Advisor U.S. Department of Energy University of Pittsburgh March 30, 2017

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Confluence of Factors Driving Grid Transformation

Emerging Technology

• Information and Communication

Technology (ICT) &

• DERs:
• Solar and Wind
• Energy Storage
• Electric Vehicles
• Microgrids
• Building Systems

Evolving Federal and State Policies

• Renewable Portfolio Standards
• Asset Utilization
• Reliability and Resilience
• Integration of Distributed Energy Resources

New Market Entrants

• Generation and Management of

Electricity by Customers and 3rd Parties

• DER Service Providers

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PV Adoption

2x in 3 years to 17% of All Customers

• With reduced costs, adoption has

increased

• Convergence of attractive prices,

commercial offerings and favorable state policies greatly enhances adoption (HI)

• Energy storage undergoing similar

trend; implications for DERs

Source: U.S. Department of Energy Source: HECO cited in Hawaii PUC Order No. 34281

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System Requires More Flexibility

California “Duck” Curve

DERs (and bulk-system factors) present considerable variability and uncertainty in both generation and load profiles challenging both planning and operations

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DERs Provide Value

From “Evolving Distribution Operational Markets” by Paul De Martini, Resnick Institute, Caltech, and Brenda Chew, Dale Murdock and Steve Fine at ICF

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Attributes of a Future Grid

• Integration of renewable and distributed

resources (electric cars, smart buildings, PV, wind, energy storage, microgrids, community energy)

• Shared ownership and responsibility of

the electric grid planning and operations (T, D & C)

• Multi-directional flow of energy,

information and money

• Evolved model for the utility business

(platform provider) and regulation to ensure reliability, efficiency, affordability, security and innovation

• Value creation through integrated

networks and convergence (smart cities)

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Co-Existing Futures

High end automation, high DER penetration, etc. Less automation, some DER penetration Increasing local energy determinism: DG, multi-user microgrids, CCA, etc.) Localization Today Smart Cities Coops, rural utilities Large IOUs, some PPAs and verticals Some PPAs and verticals Technological Complexity

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Considerations for Advancing Understanding

Policy/Institutional Considerations: Integrated Planning Determining Value Rate Design Industry/Business Models and Market Design Regulatory Models Policy Objectives Technological Considerations: Sensing Communications Control Data/Info Management Network Convergence Security (physical/cyber) Highly Coupled

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Emerging Grid Complexity

EV Decisions Building Decisions Grid Decisions

INFO ENERGY $

Storage Decisions The potential of high penetrations of mixed DERs presents an entirely new problem in control, coordination and value-determination within distribution systems

Considerations:

• Extensibility: accommodating system growth and DERs
• Scalability: aggregation of coordination signals
• Optimization: local & system, centralized & distributed control
• Convergence: grid/ICT/buildings/transportation
• Markets/Innovation: open access networks, platforms

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Laminar Decomposition Frameworks

To enable scalability and selfish optimization with system optimization

From JD Taft, Architectural Basis for Highly Distributed Power Grids: Frameworks, Networks, and Grid Codes, PNNL-25480, June 2016

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Coordination Domain

Coordination domain may encompass, e.g., an entire distribution operator service territory, substation service territory, distribution feeder, microgrid

Domain coordinator node is responsible for solving the local coordination problem and enabling self-optimization (to meet local objectives)

From JD Taft, Architectural Basis for Highly Distributed Power Grids: Frameworks, Networks, and Grid Codes, PNNL-25480, June 2016

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Convergence

From “Value Creation Through Integrated Networks and Convergence”, De Martini and Taft, February 2015

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References

doe-dspx.org gridarchitecture.pnnl.gov Also:

• Future Electric Utility Regulation Series at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory:

website exists

• Results of Smart Grid Projects Funded Under the Recovery Act: www.smartgrid.gov