Green Infrastructure (GI) concept for MSP and its application within - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Green Infrastructure (GI) concept for MSP and its application within Pan Baltic Scope project

Anda Ruskule, Solvita Strāķe, Ingūna Urtāne, MoEPRD, Latvia Lena Bergström, HELCOM Jan Schmidtbauer Crona, SwAM, Sweden Jonne Kotta, MoF/EMI, Estonia Philipp Arndt, BSH, Germany

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EU Policy context

• The EU Biodiversity Strategy’s target 2 requires that “by 2020, ecosystems

and their services are maintained and enhanced by establishing green infrastructure and restoring at least 15% of degraded ecosystems.”

• The action 6 of the Strategy is setting priorities to restore and promote the

use of green infrastructure,

• EU-wide strategy promoting investments in green infrastructure,

adopted by EC in 2013, defines GI as

• EC Guidance on a strategic framework for supporting the deployment of

EU-level green and blue infrastructure is expected to come out soon

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“Strategically planned network of natural and semi-natural areas with

• ther environmental features designed and managed to deliver a wide

range of ecosystem services. It incorporates green spaces (or blue if aquatic ecosystems are concerned) and other physical features in terrestrial (including coastal) and marine areas.”

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HELCOM context

GI topic addressed by the HELCOM-VASAB MSP working group, Warsaw, 7-8 November 2017 : a background document on “Green infrastructure”/ “Blue corridors”

• outlines the definitions, functions and features of GI,

highlighting its applicability to marine ecosystem;

• calls to investigate the possible regional development of

concepts such as green infrastructure, blue corridors etc. with the aim of producing a draft regional concept of a GI by the end of 2019;

• notes that the Pan Baltic Scope project is going to test and

further develop the concept of GI for the Baltic Sea region.

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Objectives of the PanBaltic Scope

Activity 1.2.4. Green Infrastructure

• To outline a concept of marine “green infrastructure”
• To test the concept by utilizing available data
• To collect feedback from the HELCOM-VASAM MSP

WG and HELCOM State and Conservation group

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Outline of the Pan Baltic Scope interpretation

• f the marine GI concept

Marine GI is formed by a spatial network of ecologically valuable areas significant for:

• ecosystems’ health and resilience,
• biodiversity conservation and,
• multiple delivery of ES essential for human well-being.

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Areas of high ecological value Areas providing multiple ecosystem services Green infrastructure map

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Pan Baltic Scope approach for mapping

• f marine GI

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Mapping based on available data sets:

HELCOM Maps and Data services, prepared in the HELCOM HOLAS II project

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Ecosystem component Benth thic h habita tats ts

Availability of deep water habitat, based on occurrence of H2S Infralittoral hard bottom Infralittoral sand Infralittoral mud Infralittoral mixed Circalittoral hard bottom Circalittoral sand Circalittoral mud Circalittoral mixed Sandbanks which are slightly covered by sea water at all time (1110) Estuaries (1130) Mudflats and sandflats not covered by seawater at low tide (1140) Coastal lagoons (1150) Large shallow inlets and bays (1160) Reefs (1170) Submarine structures made by leaking gas (1180) Baltic Esker Islands (UW parts, 1610) Boreal Baltic islets and small islands (UW parts, 1620)

Habit itat at b build ldin ing s specie ies

Furcellaria lumbricalis Zostera marina Charophytes Mytilus edulis Fucus sp.

Pela lagic ic h habitat ats

Productive surface waters*

Mobile ile s species a and their ir key h habit itat ats

Cod abundance* Cod spawning area* Herring abundance* Sprat abundance* Recruitment areas of perch* Recruitment areas of pikeperch* Wintering seabirds Breeding seabird colonies Grey seal distribution* Harbour seal distribution* Ringed seal distribution*

HELCOM HOLAS II data sets not included in PBS assessment

• Fish data – replaced with ESH developed by

PBS, including:

• spawning areas of cod, sprat, herring,

European flounder, Baltic flounder

• recruitment areas of perch, pikeperch,

and flounder

• Mammals data – removed due to

insufficient accuracy;

• Productive surface waters – not included

because would not reveal any spatial differences.

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Mapping of the areas of high ecologicl vale

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Matrix developed, assessing HELCOM HOLAS II ecosystem components (in binary scale: 0/1) in relation to 7 criteria:

• biological diversity;
• rarity;
• importance for threatened, endangered or declining species

and/or habitats;

• vulnerability, fragility, sensitivity, or slow recovery;
• special importance for life-history stages of species;
• biological productivity.

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Matrix for assessment of ecological value

HELCOM BSII Ecological Diversity Components Biodiversity Rarity Importance for threatened, endangered or declining species and/or habitats Vulnerability, fragility, sensitivity or slow recovery Special importance for life-history stages of species Biological productivity Availability of deep water habitat, based on occurrence of H2S 1 Infralittoral hard bottom 1 Infralittoral sand 1 Infralittoral mud 1 Infralittoral mixed 1 Circalittoral hard bottom 1 1 1 1 1 1 Circalittoral sand 1 1 1 1 1 Circalittoral mud 1 1 1 1 1 Circalittoral mixed 1 1 1 1 1 1 Sandbanks which are slightly covered by sea water at all time (1110) 1 1 1 1 1 1 Estuaries (1130) 1 1 1 1 1 Mudflats and sandflats not covered by seawater at low tide (1140) 1 Coastal lagoons (1150) 1 1 1 1 1 Large shallow inlets and bays (1160) 1 1 1 1 1 1 Reefs (1170) 1 1 1 1 1 1 Submarine structures made by leaking gas (1180) 1 1 1 1 1 1 Baltic Esker Islands (UW parts, 1610) 1 1 1 1 1 1 Boreal Baltic islets and small islands (UW parts, 1620) 1 1 1 1 1 1 Furcellaria lumbricalis 1 1 1 1 1 1 Zostera marina 1 1 1 1 1 1 Charophytes 1 1 1 1 1 1 Mytilus sp. 1 1 1 1 1 1 Fucus sp. 1 1 1 1 1 1 Productive surface waters 1 1 1 1 1 Cod abundance 1 1 Cod spawning area 1 1 1 1 1 1 Herring abundance 1 Sprat abundance 1 Recruitment areas of perch 1 1 1 1 1 1 Recruitment areas of pikeperch 1 1 1 1 1 Wintering seabirds 1 1 1 1 1 Breeding seabird colonies 1 1 1 1 1 Grey seal distribution Harbour seal distribution Ringed seal distribution 1 1 1 1 Distribution of harbour porpoise 1 1 1 1

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Mapping of the areas of high ecologicl vale (EV)

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• Calculations performed using extension to the Baltic Sea Impact Index

calculation tool, which is under development in Pan Baltic Scope

• A hierarchical data aggregation method (value normalized between 0 and 1)
• Up to 24 maps representing average value of each criteria in

relation to each group of ecosystem components

• 4 aggregated EV maps for each group of ecological components -

habitats, birds, fish mammals - to avoid a domination of ecological

features that are overrepresented within the HELCOM HOLAS II ecosystem components data set

• Total aggregated EV map produced as the average value for the

four groups of ecological components

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Example on aggregation of the EV: benthic habitats

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Aggregated value map: habitats

Biological diversity Biological productivity Importance for threated species Rarity Importance for life- history stages Vulnerability

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Aggregated ecological value map combining four groups of ecological components

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EV - Benthic EV - Fish EV - Birds EV - mammals

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Mapping ecosystem service supply potential

• Using expert knowledge and published studies on biophysical processes

underping ES supply:

• Ecosystem components as proxy for service supply;
• Selection of ES: regulating & maintanace services; cultural services
• Matrix: interlinking ecosystem components with capacity to supply ES
• Selection of indicators for ES assessment
• Binary assessment of potenitial ES supply by each ecosystem

component (0 – ecosystem component has no or negligible contribution to

particular service; 1 – ecosystem component can provide the service)

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www.panbalticscope.eu Provisioning services

Wild plants, algae and their outputs Wild animals and their outputs

Bio-remediation Filtration/sequestration/storage/ accumulation Maintaining nursery populations and habitats Regulation of chemical composition of atmosphere and oceans

Cultural services

Physical and experiential interactions

Regulating services

Filtration of nutrients Storage of nutrients

Identification of ecosystem services (CICES V5.1)

Control of erosion Hydrological cycle and water flow regulation (Including coastal protection) Pollination, seed dispersal Regulation of the chemical condition of salt waters by living processes Pest control Storage of hazardous substances Regulation of atmospheric CO2 and other greenhouse gases by biological fixation in process of photosynthesis Regulation of atmospheric CO2 and other greenhouse gases by sequestration in sediments

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Matrix for assessment of the marine GI related ecosystem services

HELCOM BSII Ecological Diversity Components Filtration/sequestration/storage/accumulati

• n by micro-organisms, algae, plants, and

animals Control

• f

erosion rates Maintaining nursery populations and habitats Pest control (including invasive species) Regulation of chemical composition

• f atmosphere and oceans

(atmospheric CO2 and other greenhouse gases): Characteristics of living systems that that enable activities promoting health, recuperation or enjoyment filtration of nutrients storage of nutrients storage of hazardous substances by biological fixation in process

• f photosynthesis

by sequestration in sediments through active

• r immersive

interactions through passive

• r observational

interactions Availability of deep water habitat, based on occurrence of H2S 1 1 1 Infralittoral hard bottom 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Infralittoral sand 1 1 1 1 1 1 Infralittoral mud 1 1 1 1 1 Infralittoral mixed 1 1 1 1 1 1 Circalittoral hard bottom 1 1 1 Circalittoral sand 1 1 Circalittoral mud 1 1 1 Circalittoral mixed 1 1 Sandbanks which are slightly covered by sea water at all time (1110) 1 1 1 1 1 1 Estuaries (1130) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Mudflats and sandflats not covered by seawater at low tide (1140) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Coastal lagoons (1150) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Large shallow inlets and bays (1160) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Reefs (1170) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Submarine structures made by leaking gas (1180) 1 1 Baltic Esker Islands (UW parts, 1610) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Boreal Baltic islets and small islands (UW parts, 1620) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Furcellaria lumbricalis 1 1 1 1 1 1 Zostera marina 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Charophytes 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Mytilus sp. 1 1 1 1 1 1 Fucus sp. 1 1 1 1 1 1 Productive surface waters 1 1 1 1 1 Cod abundance 1 1 1 1 Cod spawning area 1 1 1 1 Herring abundance 1 1 1 Sprat abundance 1 1 1 Recruitment areas of perch 1 1 1 1 Recruitment areas of pikeperch 1 1 1 1 Wintering seabirds 1 1 1 1 1 Breeding seabird colonies 1 1 1 1 1 Grey seal distribution 1 1 1 Harbour seal distribution 1 1 1 Ringed seal distribution 1 1 1 Distribution of harbour porpoise 1 1

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Mapping ecosystem service supply potential

• Hierarchical data aggregation method to present potential ES supply

value per grid cell

• 10 singele ES maps - each grid cell represents the sum for all ecosystem

components which had been assigned a value “1” for the concerned ecosystem services, value normalizes to a scale between 0 and 1

• agregated maps representing benthic landscapes, N2000 areas, habitat

forming species and essential fish habitats, normalised to a scale between 0 and 1

• agregated benthic map - separate assessments combined so that the

result with the highest value was retained in each cell

• verall aggregated map of ecosystem services was prepared by adding

the values from the aggregated maps on benthic habitat and birds

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Aggregated ecosystem service maps

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ES - Benthic ES - Birds

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Green infrastructure map

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Dark green - 10 % of the Baltic Sea with the highest scores for ecological value and/or ecosystem service supply; Medium green - 20 % of the Baltic Sea with the highest scores for ecological value and/or ecosystem service supply; Light green - 30 % of the Baltic Sea with the highest scores for ecological value and/or ecosystem service supply.

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Limitations of the presneted approch for mapping of marine GI

• Knowledge and data gaps limit the content and quality of the

current result maps

• Mapping of ecological value should include connectivity analysis
• conditions for spreading of species and functional

interconnection between sites

• Mapping of actual ecosystem service supply should consider:
• spatial variations in biota and ecosystem functioning;
• ecosystem condition and vulnerability of ecosystem to

cumulative pressures;

• ecosystem service supply and demand relation.

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Potenitail input of marine GI mapping for implementation of the ecosystem approach in MSP

• Development of the knowledge base on functioning of marine

ecosystem

• Support in development of spatial planning solutions and cross-border

co-ordination of the sea use, guiding developments away from sensitive/ecologically valuable areas

• Maintaining multi-functionality of the marine ecosystem
• Application of GI mapping results in SEA procedure
• Improvement of communication among different stakeholders about

the sea use potentials and limitations

• Contribute towards a holistic perspective linking MSP through GI to

environmental management

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THANK YOU!

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