Graphs and Networks MATH20150 Vincent Astier Room: S1.72, Science - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Graphs and Networks MATH20150 Vincent Astier Room: S1.72, Science - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Graphs and Networks MATH20150 Vincent Astier Room: S1.72, Science South vincent.astier@ucd.ie How much should I work? According to UCD: So: 110/12 = 9.16 hours a week A bit much, but about 7 hours is possible How much should I


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SLIDE 1

Graphs and Networks MATH20150

Vincent Astier Room: S1.72, Science South vincent.astier@ucd.ie

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SLIDE 2

How much should I work?

  • According to UCD:
  • So: 110/12 = 9.16 hours a week
  • A bit much, but about 7 hours is possible
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SLIDE 3

How much should I work?

  • According to UCD:
  • So: 110/12 = 9.16 hours a week
  • A bit much, but about 7 hours is possible
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SLIDE 4

How much should I work?

  • According to UCD:
  • So: 110/12 = 9.16 hours a week
  • A bit much, but about 7 hours is possible
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SLIDE 5

How much should I work?

  • According to UCD:
  • So: 110/12 = 9.16 hours a week
  • A bit much, but about 7 hours is possible
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SLIDE 6

How should I work?

  • 1. Go to all lectures and tutorials
  • 2. After each lecture:
  • Learn it
  • Work on it until you understand everything:

You need to be able to do all proofs (except a few), and to explain everything to someone else in the class It could take about 2 hours each week

  • 3. Do all exercises before each tutorial

It could take up to 2 hours each week

Total: 7 hours a week (can vary)

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SLIDE 7

How should I work?

  • 1. Go to all lectures and tutorials
  • 2. After each lecture:
  • Learn it
  • Work on it until you understand everything:

You need to be able to do all proofs (except a few), and to explain everything to someone else in the class It could take about 2 hours each week

  • 3. Do all exercises before each tutorial

It could take up to 2 hours each week

Total: 7 hours a week (can vary)

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SLIDE 8

How should I work?

  • 1. Go to all lectures and tutorials
  • 2. After each lecture:
  • Learn it
  • Work on it until you understand everything:

You need to be able to do all proofs (except a few), and to explain everything to someone else in the class It could take about 2 hours each week

  • 3. Do all exercises before each tutorial

It could take up to 2 hours each week

Total: 7 hours a week (can vary)

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SLIDE 9

How should I work?

  • 1. Go to all lectures and tutorials
  • 2. After each lecture:
  • Learn it
  • Work on it until you understand everything:

You need to be able to do all proofs (except a few), and to explain everything to someone else in the class It could take about 2 hours each week

  • 3. Do all exercises before each tutorial

It could take up to 2 hours each week

Total: 7 hours a week (can vary)

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SLIDE 10

How should I work?

  • 1. Go to all lectures and tutorials
  • 2. After each lecture:
  • Learn it
  • Work on it until you understand everything:

You need to be able to do all proofs (except a few), and to explain everything to someone else in the class It could take about 2 hours each week

  • 3. Do all exercises before each tutorial

It could take up to 2 hours each week

Total: up to 7 hours a week (can vary)

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SLIDE 11

Support

  • 1. Myself
  • Ask all your questions, at anytime
  • Come to my office / email me / etc
  • 2. Tutor
  • Again: Ask all your questions
  • 3. Maths Support Centre
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SLIDE 12

Resources

  • Course web page:

http://maths.ucd.ie/~astier/math20150/ (accessible from my web page)

  • It contains:

➔ Course notes (my own handwritten ones)

not intended to replace attendance at every lecture

➔ Exercises for tutorials ➔ Recommended books for reading and extra

exercises

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SLIDE 13
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SLIDE 14

Graph Theory

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SLIDE 15

Introduction

  • 1. The Königsberg bridge problem

Königsberg, 1736 (now Kaliningrad, Russia)

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SLIDE 16

Map of the bridges: Question: Is it possible to start at one point, cross every bridge exactly once, and end up at the same point?

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SLIDE 17

Solution (and invention of graph theory): Leonhard Euler, 1736

  • Represent it as a “graph”:
  • Answer: Impossible
  • Euler’s answer covers all such

questions, for instance:

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SLIDE 18

Solution (and invention of graph theory): Leonhard Euler, 1736

  • Represent it as a “graph”:
  • Answer: Impossible
  • Euler’s answer covers all such

questions, for instance:

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SLIDE 19
  • 2. The 4 colour problem (1852)

Can any map be coloured such that any two adjacent countries are of different colours?

Translation into graphs: Each country become a dot Join dots if they are adjacent: The problem becomes: Can we colour the points with 4 colours such that adjacent points have different colours?

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  • 2. The 4 colour problem (1852)

Can any map be coloured such that any two adjacent countries are of different colours?

Translation into graphs: Each country become a dot Join dots if they are adjacent: The problem becomes: Can we colour the points with 4 colours such that adjacent points have different colours?

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SLIDE 21
  • 2. The 4 colour problem (1852)

Can any map be coloured such that any two adjacent countries are of different colours?

Translation into graphs: Each country become a dot Join dots if they are adjacent: The problem becomes: Can we colour the dots with 4 colours such that connected dots have different colours?

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SLIDE 22

Answer (Appel, Haken, 1976): Yes The proof used computers to examine some 15000 special cases. (Grear achievement, but the use of computers is not without problems) Still no proof that does not involve computers